irn,publication_day,publication_month,publication_year,title,summary_computer_generated,tags,url,media_source,media_url,publisher,license,license_url,timestamp
6545,09,01,1872,"The Opera. (Press, 9 January 1872)","On 9 January 1872, the performance of Giovanni Pacini's opera ""Saffo"" at the Teatro San Carlos in Naples was discussed in a review. The opera, first performed in 1840, revolves around the tragic tale of the famous poetess Sappho, whose intense love for Phaon leads to a poignant narrative. Despite its relatively low profile in contemporary lyric repertoire, ""Saffo"" remains a staple in Italian operatic venues. The review highlights the opera’s rich musical composition, describing how Pacini has successfully captured the spirit of Sappho's passionate and emotional story through his music. The review commends various musical elements, including the prelude ""Divini Carmi"" and the striking duet in the second act between Sappho and Climene, which features the line ""Di quai soavi lagrime."" This duet was particularly praised for its beautiful execution by the lead singers, Signora Zenoni and Signora Polli, whose vocal blend of soprano and contralto created a captivating experience. Signora Zenoni's portrayal of Sappho received special acclaim, especially for her entrance as the ""queen of song"" and her performance in the duet with Phaon, ""Quando il mio cal de genio."" Additionally, her emotional delivery in the finale scene ""Ai mortaie o crudo ai numa"" drew significant applause from the audience. The review also notes her powerful performance in the final act, where Sappho, in a moment of emotional turmoil, sings the nuptial hymn for Phaon and Clymene, resulting in another ovation. Signora Polli's contribution as Clymene was equally noteworthy, with commendations for her dramatic interpretations and her singing of the cavatina ""Ah non lvi., mi fa rapita."" She also received cheers from the audience at the opera's conclusion, highlighting her impressive stage presence. Supporting roles were also praised, particularly Signor Filippo Coliva as Alcandro, Sappho's father, who demonstrated significant vocal prowess and emotional depth in his scenes. Signor Rosnati, portraying Phaon, was noted for his passionate delivery, especially in the aria ""Ah giusta pena in colse,"" where he laments Sappho's tragic fate. The review further acknowledges the contributions of various musicians, admiring the clarinet solo by Mr Howard and the double bass performance by an unnamed accomplished player. The staging, designed by Mr Massey and Mr Varley, received compliments as well, specifically for the depiction of an amphitheatre and significant scenic elements relating to the opera's setting in ancient Greece. Despite the commendable aspects of the performance and the talent displayed, the review reflects disappointment regarding the attendance, indicating that the audience did not fully appreciate the quality of the show.",Sappho,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp18720109_2_14.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18720109.2.14,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-3091951800
7612,03,10,1874,"Supreme Court. (Press, 3 October 1874)","On 3 October 1874, it was announced that the quarterly circuit sitting of the Supreme Court in its criminal jurisdiction would commence on Monday, 5 October, at 11 am, presided over by His Honor Mr Justice Gresson. The court's calendar included a variety of criminal cases set for hearing. Notable cases included Regina v Thos. Thompson, which involved charges of forgery and uttering, and Regina v Wm. Harvey, who faced two separate charges of the same nature. Several individuals were charged with larceny, including Regina v Fredk. Peiper and George Doig, Regina v Samuel Geddings and Robert Morgan, and Regina v Robert Adams. Furthermore, Regina v James McGill involved charges of obtaining money under false pretences, coupled with previous convictions. There were also cases without names filed under similar charges, referred to as Mark's and Mitchinson's cases, indicating ongoing issues of deceit and fraud. In more serious allegations, Regina v Thomas Madden and Regina v George Hendley were charged with indecent assault. Additionally, George Hendley and Charles Weed faced charges related to an attempt to commit sodomy. The court was prepared to hear multiple serious cases, such as Regina v Chas. Crawford, which included three cases of shooting with intent to do grievous bodily harm. For these serious matters, special juries would be convened for trial. Overall, the upcoming session highlighted a range of criminal offences, reflecting the concerns and legal proceedings of the time in 1874 New Zealand.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp18741003_2_23.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18741003.2.23,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-3005724600
7613,05,10,1874,"Criminal Sittings (Press, 5 October 1874)","On 5 October 1874, the quarterly circuit sitting of the Supreme Court in its criminal jurisdiction commenced at 11 am under the presiding of Mr Justice Gresson. A packed calendar of criminal cases was scheduled for this session, highlighting a range of serious offences. The day started with the case of Regina v Thomas Thompson, who faced charges of forgery and uttering. Following that, William Harvey was brought before the court for two separate cases of forgery and uttering. Additionally, multiple individuals were charged with larceny: Frederick Peiper and George Doig, Samuel Geddings and Robert Morgan, and Robert Adams each faced counts of stealing. There were also cases involving James McGill, who was accused of obtaining money under false pretences and had a previous conviction. McGill's cases included several counts under false pretences linked to Mark, Mitchinson, and Percy. The court would also address the case of Regina v Timmins, involving an attempt to commit bestiality. Other important cases on the docket included those for indecent assault, with George Hendley facing two separate charges and also facing collaboration with Charles Ryd on an attempt to commit sodomy. Lastly, the attention would be drawn to the charges against Charles Crawford, accused of shooting with intent to cause grievous bodily harm in three separate incidents. Given the gravity of these charges, special juries would be convened to ensure just proceedings for the accused. This sitting of the Supreme Court signified the ongoing efforts to uphold law and order within the community, addressing a variety of significant criminal activities that were being prosecuted. The outcomes of these cases would have implications for justice and public safety during that period.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp18741005_2_18.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18741005.2.18,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-3005551800
7614,08,10,1874,"News Of The Day. (Press, 8 October 1874)","On 8 October 1874, various meetings and events were scheduled in Lyttelton and its surrounding areas. The Lyttelton Colonists' Society held its annual meeting at 7:00 PM. Meanwhile, the Union Rowing Club and the Master Bakers convened special meetings later that evening at Warner's Hotel and the Crown Hotel, respectively, both at 7:30 PM. The Good Templar Hall Company (Limited) planned a special shareholders' meeting for 14 October at the Temperance Hall on Gloucester Street, while a college literary evening featuring R. B. Sheridan's comedy ""The Rivals"" was set for 15 October. An entertainment event organised to support the Papanui Cricket Club was also scheduled for the same evening in the old schoolroom at Papanui, with free coaches provided for attendees. The Philosophical Institute's secretary reminded members to secure tickets for a dinner being hosted for several military officers, taking place at the Government Buildings at 7:00 PM that day. In court proceedings, cases involving indecent assault and bestiality were focused on, with varied verdicts resulting. The Supreme Court planned to resume its session the following day. The Loyal Orange Lodge No. 3 held its usual monthly meeting where newly-elected officers were installed, and members enjoyed refreshments and toasts together. The Court Star of Canterbury, a community organisation, reported significant attendance at its quarterly financial night, raising over £125 and supporting a scholarship initiative. At the Christchurch Excelsior Lodge meeting, multiple performances were showcased after new members were initiated. The Oddfellows held a special meeting aimed at revising district rules, resulting in new regulations being adopted. A notable presentation ceremony took place for Past Master Bro Christie at the Loyal Orange Lodge, recognising his contributions over the past year with a decorative silver five-point star. The Rangiora Literacy Institute discussed various topics, including rental charges and potential lectures, and the Rangiora Cricket Club highlighted plans for the upcoming season, including fundraising efforts through a concert scheduled for November. The Lyttelton Regatta Committee convened to discuss prize allocations for various races at the upcoming regatta, with proposals for significant monetary prizes and challenge cups. Meanwhile, a group of sailors on the open boat Ariel faced peril due to unexpectedly severe weather while returning from a bar crossing. After efforts were made to rescue them, it was later confirmed they returned safely. Additionally, the Horticultural and Arboricultural Society held a productive meeting discussing the acclimatisation of various tree species and the introduction of awards for members based on performance metrics. The society's membership continued to grow, and plans for future shows and competitions were underway, demonstrating an active interest in promoting horticultural endeavours within the community.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp18741008_2_10.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18741008.2.10,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-3005292600
7615,13,10,1874,"News Of The Day. (Press, 13 October 1874)","On 13 October 1874, the Victoria Government announced the revocation of a prior proclamation that had placed vessels arriving from Lyttelton under quarantine regulations, a decision now published in the Gazette. Communication with the West Coast and stations north of Cheviot was interrupted the previous night due to unspecified issues. Sir James Fergusson, the Governor, was expected to arrive in Christchurch that day from Dunedin, continuing his journey to Wellington on the s.s. Taranaki the following day. Additionally, the City Council planned alterations to Victoria Bridge, which would impact the current facilities for watering horses. The annual meetings for school committees and auditors were held the previous evening across various districts, with details of the discussions and reports to be shared elsewhere in the publication. A concert to benefit the German church's bell fund was scheduled for Thursday, 15 October 1874, instead of the previously stated date of 25 October. In entertainment news, the Avonside Dramatic Club was set to present music and a comedy performance that evening in the schoolroom at Merivale. A public meeting was also convened for Thursday at the Kaiapoi Institute to address issues related to the Waimakariri River's overflow. A lecture titled ""The Present Religious Movement in England"" by Mr J. H. Twentyman was planned for the Riccarton schoolroom the following evening. This lecture had been postponed due to Mr Twentyman's illness. In legal matters, the criminal session of the Supreme Court concluded, with two defendants acquitted in the case of Regina v Frederick Peiper and George Doig. However, in the cases of Regina v George Hendley and Regina v Charles Weed, both charged with sodomy, the individuals were sentenced to two years' imprisonment with hard labour. The Lower Heathcote Library committee held a meeting, during which they discussed the library's financial status, including new subscriptions amounting to £125 6s 6d. They decided to apply for government assistance and announced plans for a general meeting of library subscribers. The report highlighted Mr J. Greaves's arrival from the Natal Queen with two thoroughbred horses in excellent condition, of notable lineage. The Board of Conservators met to discuss the state of the Waimakariri defences post-flood and plans for ongoing monitoring of their works. They also received a letter regarding land flooding from the river. Lastly, an inquest at the Royal Hotel in Southbridge was held regarding the drowning of 16-year-old Frederick William Fagan in the Rakaia River. Evidence showed that while searching for firewood, the horse he was riding fell, and he was thrown into the river, leading to his tragic drowning. The coroner's jury returned a verdict of ""Accidentally Drowned"" and addressed the conduct of a juror who had missed previous sessions, warning of legal penalties for disrespectful absenteeism.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp18741013_2_14.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18741013.2.14,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-3004860600
7616,13,10,1874,"Supreme Court. (Press, 13 October 1874)","On 12 October 1874, criminal proceedings resumed in the Supreme Court before Mr Justice Greson. The main case involved Frederick Peiper and George Doig, who were indicted for stealing thirty-seven boxes of soap that were held under the custody of Richard Walton, the provisional trustee in bankruptcy for Hugh Andrews’ estate. Both defendants pleaded ""Not Guilty,"" with lawyer Mr Joynt defending Peiper and Mr Duncan representing the Crown. The case's background revealed that Hugh Andrews, previously a soap and candle manufacturer, had declared insolvency on 4 August 1874, leading to his adjudication as bankrupt. Walton, as the trustee, appointed bailiff Charles John Dunnage to oversee the assets, including 121 boxes of soap, which went missing around 15 August. Upon notification to the police, Chief-Detective Feast investigated the premises and suspected theft. Detective Feast subsequently searched Peiper's property but found no stolen goods. However, acting on further information, he searched Thomas Wilson's tannery in Heathcote, discovering thirty-six boxes of soap matching the stolen items' description. Peiper was arrested, while Doig was apprehended later on the charge of being an accessory to the crime. Doig initially claimed to have seen the stolen soap at Peiper's stable and then testified that Peiper instructed him to retrieve the soap using a dray, which he did, along with a carter named Jeffreys. During the trial, Mr Duncan provided evidence, including the declaration of insolvency and corroborating testimony from Chief-Detective Feast, other detectives, and witnesses involved in the case. One witness testified that Peiper had attempted to solicit him for advice on acquiring additional stolen soap discreetly. Another witness, Jeffrey, confirmed he delivered the soap to Wilson's tannery under Doig's direction. After presenting the evidence, Mr Joynt, representing Peiper, indicated he would not call any witnesses for the defence. The judge directed the jury to consider the lack of evidence against Doig, leading to his acquittal. Subsequently, the jury deliberated on Peiper's case and returned a verdict of ""Not Guilty,"" resulting in his discharge. In another matter, George Charles Weed, convicted of sodomy, was brought before the court to receive sentencing. Mr Justice Greson imposed a sentence of two years' imprisonment with hard labour on him. Following this, the court adjourned until the 14th instant for civil proceedings.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp18741013_2_31.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18741013.2.31,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-3004860600
7617,06,01,1875,"Supreme Court. (Press, 6 January 1875)","On January 5, 1875, under the supervision of Mr. Justice Gresson, criminal proceedings resumed in court. The first case addressed was that of George William Price, who was indicted for stealing a watch and chain from Thomas Clarence Barrett on October 23, 1874. Price pleaded ""Not Guilty,"" and Mr. Duncan acted as the prosecutor for the Crown while Dr. Foster represented the defence. A jury, led by foreman Mr. B. Button, heard the evidence. The prosecutor, Barrett, was reported to have been inebriated at the Golden Age Hotel on the evening of the incident and was advised by the landlord to go home. While leaving with Price, who offered to escort him, Barrett later returned to the hotel missing his watch and chain. Subsequently, on November 16, Price attempted to pawn the items at Cohen's pawn-office, leading to his arrest by Detective Feast, who confirmed that Price was seen with Barrett that night. Other witnesses, including the landlord, corroborated details of the night. However, evidence from Cohen indicated that he had seen Barrett with the watch a week before the theft, raising doubts about Price's guilt. Dr. Foster argued the case for the defence, highlighting inconsistencies in the witness statements. The jury ultimately found Price ""Guilty,"" but with a recommendation for mercy based on his previously good character. Justice Gresson acknowledged this and sentenced Price to three months of imprisonment with hard labour. Another case involved Alexander Clark, charged with committing sodomy in November 1874. He pleaded ""Not Guilty"" and went undefended. The jury returned a ""Guilty"" verdict, leading to a severe sentence of ten years' penal servitude, which was compounded by an additional three years for a previous conviction, totalling thirteen years. William Rich was also indicted, charged with fraudulently converting a mare, saddle, and bridle belonging to John Hills, for which he was the bailee. Rich, who was undefended and pleaded ""Not Guilty,"" was found to have sold the mare for £7. After deliberation, the jury convicted him, resulting in a sentence of two years' imprisonment with hard labour. The court proceedings concluded with adjournments set for further sessions.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp18750106_2_12.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18750106.2.12,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-2997516600
7165,26,04,1886,"New Zealand. (Press, 26 April 1886)","On 24 April 1886, a fire at Mr Barry's property in Takapuna put the lives of its occupants at significant risk. Mr Barry reported that he was uninsured, while the property itself is believed to belong to the Roman Catholic Church and is vested in Bishop Redwood of Wellington, who is thought to have insurance coverage. Meanwhile, in Whangaparoa Passage, the man who fell overboard from the Bobs was identified as Samuel Keys, a resident of Auckland. In Wellington, it was reported that arrangements with a Syndicate to advance the East and West Coast Railway project have been finalised, with a contract expected to be signed shortly. The Premier had recently returned from Napier and was scheduled to travel to Nelson on the following Monday to represent in a civil case, Black v National Bank, concerning a claim for damages due to wrongful dismissal. Furthermore, the Chief Justice was noted to be recovering from health issues but would remain unable to perform his judicial duties for several weeks. In Dunedin, a fire incident was reported aboard the Invercargill at the Battray Street Wharf that morning, resulting in minor damage. Overall, the news highlights various incidents across New Zealand, including a potentially severe fire mishap, legal proceedings involving government officials, and ongoing developments in railway construction, showcasing both personal and infrastructural challenges faced by the community during this period.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp18860426_2_19_5.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18860426.2.19.5,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-2640857400
7166,01,05,1886,"Magisterial. (Press, 1 May 1886)","On 1 May 1886, a court case involving Amy Bock, also known as Lydia, took place in Christchurch. She pleaded guilty to obtaining goods valued at £7 9s 10d from G. L. Beath and Co. under false pretences. On 15 April, Bock visited the shop, claiming credit based on a list of apparel she wanted. During the conversation, she mentioned Mr Whitefoord, leading the store to believe she had his endorsement for payment. After securing the goods, she left for Wellington, prompting the company to investigate, which resulted in her arrest. In her defence, her legal representative, Mr Joyce, presented character references from Mr Maxell, who had employed her as a governess for eight months. He attested to her respectable background, stating she was a certified teacher from Victoria, who had come to New Zealand for health reasons after overworking herself and experiencing a long illness. Maxell noted that her recent behaviour seemed erratic and that she had become obsessed with possessing a large fortune. The inspector indicated there might be other unpaid transactions attributed to her. Mr Joyce made a persuasive plea for leniency, arguing that Bock's actions were not criminally motivated but rather the result of her mental health issues. He suggested a light sentence of imprisonment until the court adjourned. However, the judges, acknowledging the seriousness of the case, decided against dismissal and instead sentenced Bock to one month of hard labour in prison. In other cases, George Henry Cook was sentenced to one month of hard labour for stealing earrings valued at 6s. Joseph and William Whitford, both young boys, were charged with stealing utensils, admitted to taking one, received a caution, and were discharged. Additionally, several civil claims were addressed, including a case related to damages caused by fire, where judgement was deferred, and others where claims were dismissed. Towards the end of the court session, a case involving Mr Agar and Mr Austin, both accused of offensive behaviour on a boat, was discussed. The incident involved a quarrel and use of inappropriate language. The magistrate dismissed most charges against them but imposed a sentence for obscenity, requiring imprisonment until the court rose, while warning them of harsher consequences for any future misconduct. Throughout the session, various other claims were settled, including one concerning nursing services, where compensation was granted to the plaintiff. Overall, the court addressed multiple criminal and civil issues, reflecting a busy day in the legal system of Christchurch in 1886.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp18860501_2_30_10.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18860501.2.30.10,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-2640425400
7238,06,04,1888,"A Christchurch Adventuress. (Press, 6 April 1888)","On 6 April 1888, at the City Police Court in Dunedin, Amy Maud Bock, a young woman of genteel appearance, was charged with obtaining goods under false pretences. The offence took place on 31 March 1888 in Kensington, where she acquired smelling salts, perfumery, violet powder, and other items valued at £1 9s 6d from Peter Dutton, a chemist, with the intent to defraud. Bock pleaded guilty to the charge. Evidence presented at the court revealed Bock's troubled history. In July 1887, she had been remanded to the Lookout Point Industrial School from Wellington for six months under the First Offenders' Probation Act. While in Wellington, she had previously engaged in deceitful activities, obtaining money and goods through similar fraudulent means. Despite her past, authorities failed to oppose her case being treated under the First Offenders Act since they were unaware of her previous convictions in Christchurch. Upon arrival at Port Chalmers, Bock had convinced a sergeant there of her unfortunate plight, leading him to take her into his home during her wait for the train to Dunedin. Bock quickly gained the trust of the sergeant's daughter, leading to a close bond. While at the industrial school, she expressed a desire to reach out to relatives, which resulted in a letter allegedly from an aunt in New South Wales, claiming she wanted to see Bock before going home and offering to send money for her travel. Sceptical of the letter, Mr Titchener, the school's manager, conducted a discreet inquiry into its authenticity, leading to a telegram sent to Christchurch to verify whether the named individuals actually existed. The response confirmed that neither a Mrs Merry nor any association with her existed. On the day Bock attempted to extort travel funds from Mr Titchener, he revealed the telegram that exposed her deception. Faced with the evidence, Bock initially denied any wrongdoing but eventually confessed to her past conviction in Christchurch, having been sentenced to one month for similarly obtaining goods through deception. She admitted to writing the letter supposedly from her aunt in the institution, claiming an accomplice had helped but refusing to reveal their identity. Dr Hislop, a visiting trustee, concluded that it would be unwise to keep Bock at the institution since her term of detention had expired. Following her discharge, Mr Titchener took an interest in her well-being, finding her lodgings and ensuring she was looked after. The case drew amusement in court, especially with Mr Titchener's witticisms regarding her ability to craft such deceptions. The bench decided to adjourn the hearing for seven days to allow for a medical examination of Bock's mental state, during which she acknowledged that her actions might be indicative of a mania. Titchener defended her by asserting that, while her behaviour might seem mad, there was indeed a method to her madness.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp18880406_2_34.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18880406.2.34,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-2579427000
7239,26,04,1888,"News Of The Day. (Press, 26 April 1888)","On 26 April 1888, the Weekly Frets discussed various local events and topics of interest, including the recent visit of the English football team to New Zealand. The paper provided a biographical description of the team members and assessed their strength compared to both the representative team of England and local New Zealand fifteens. Coverage of their practice games in Dunedin, along with estimates of their playing powers, was highlighted by the Dunedin correspondent. Additionally, local news included the complete updated rules for the Junior Cup. In political matters, four candidates: Geo. Rutherford, Hy. Davis, D. Craighead, and J. Fisher, were nominated for the Malvern Road Board elections scheduled for 1 May. Meanwhile, about 200 unemployed men signed a petition requesting assistance from the Premier of New Zealand, which was to be presented to Mr. W.B. Perceval, a Member of the House of Representatives. In Christchurch-related news, Mr. C.B. Anderson, a well-known local figure, was appointed as Secretary of the Christchurch Rifle Club. The Theatre Royal opened for a benefit performance for the Queen's Cadets, showcasing ""Black Eyed Susan,"" performed by notable local amateurs. The meeting of the North Canterbury involved appointing representatives to address objections raised about local governance. The Christchurch Horticultural Society prepared for their chrysanthemum and fruit show at the Art Gallery, which promised a splendid exhibition. A bazaar to aid St. Saviour's Church took place, seeing a modest attendance due to bad weather but featuring well-organised stalls. Many societies and clubs were active in engaging the community, including a band concert planned by the Sydenham Brass Band for 23 May, and various local societies holding meetings on temperance and youth activities. Also, the Christchurch Union Parliament met to discuss various socio-economic bills, indicating active community engagement with political and social issues. Finally, draconian laws around dog ownership in the United States drew attention, with local reports on koalas in New Zealand showcasing unique wildlife encounters in the country. Overall, the news reflected community engagement in sports, welfare, local politics, and social events across New Zealand at the time.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp18880426_2_14.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18880426.2.14,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-2577699000
7240,18,04,1889,"News Of The Day. (Press, 18 April 1889)","On 18 April 1889, various reports and updates were published in the Press regarding events in New Zealand. The next day being Good Friday, there would be no issue of the newspaper. A cable message indicated that Lord Onslow had departed Sydney for Auckland, and Sir John and Lady Hall had arrived in Hobart, poised to travel to New Zealand. A significant feature in the Weekly Press was an account by Mr G. E. Mannering detailing his climbing experiences on the Great Tasman Glacier. Mannering's vivid descriptions highlighted New Zealand's mountain scenery, claiming it rivalled even Switzerland’s. His recent ascent of the Hochstetter Dome was notable as it was achieved in half the time taken by seasoned climber von Lendenfeld. Two of Mannering's climbing companions were local New Zealanders, contributing to the international acclaim for the country's alpine endeavors. In agricultural news from Malvern, farmers were facing slow progress in threshing due to poor weather, and there was increased demand for combines to protect grain from the elements. The Canterbury Trotting Association held a meeting with various clubs represented, where Mr Barlow was elected chairman for the year. The broader cultural landscape saw a large turnout at an art exhibition featuring a Spanish theatre performance, showcasing musical talent that impressed attendees. The community also prepared for an auction sale of Mr W. U. Slack's estate, drawing significant participation and competitive bidding. Furthermore, a cricket match played in historical costumes was anticipated to draw crowds, with local veterans participating. In legal news, a young woman was arrested for allegedly obtaining goods through false pretences. The church prepared for Good Friday services, and a significant tea meeting was planned at the Bible Christian Church. A special meeting of the Lyttelton Harbor Board confirmed reductions in wharf prices, amounting to a total saving of over £7,000 for the year, beginning in May. Concurrently, there were discussions around a cricket match involving the Lyttelton Oddfellows Club, which was set for Good Friday. The Amateur Opera Company was gearing up for a performance of ""Iolanthe,"" while the Kaiapoi Borough Council reviewed financial matters and drainage work progress. The publication of a new magazine titled ""Zealandia"" was announced, promising to feature original New Zealand literature and contributions from notable local authors. Overall, the reports indicated a blend of cultural, agricultural, and civic activities across New Zealand, showcasing community engagement in various forms as the country continued to develop its national identity and economy.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp18890418_2_25.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18890418.2.25,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-2546854200
7241,20,04,1889,"A Well-known Swindler. (Press, 20 April 1889)","On 20 April 1889, Amy Bock, who also used the aliases Laing and A. Brunell, appeared at the Christchurch Police Court charged with obtaining goods valued at £4 1s 2d from a merchant named C. J. Luxton under false pretences, as well as unlawfully receiving £1 from Jonathan Checkley through deception on 17 April. Represented by Mr D. Landy Williams, Bock pleaded guilty to the charges. Inspector Pender presented a background on Bock’s history of criminal activity which included a prior conviction in Christchurch for a similar offence. Following her past dealings, she had moved to Wellington, where she again encountered legal trouble. Although the magistrates seemed uncertain about Bock's mental state, they chose not to send her to prison, instead committing her to the Industrial School at Caversham. There, she continued to engage in deceptive behaviour, acquiring various goods which she often distributed to acquaintances. Before her arrest, Bock had been working as a governess for Mrs Brooks at a property near Akaroa. The circumstances surrounding her receipt of goods from Luxton remained unclear. On the day of her arrest, Bock arrived by train from Little River and was observed by Detective O'Connor and Constable Walker. She was seen entering Mr Checkley's shop, claiming that Mrs Brooks, a familiar figure to Checkley, was at the railway station and needed 16s change as she lacked sufficient funds for her return journey. Upon granting her request, Checkley provided Bock with £1, unaware of her fraudulent intentions. Shortly after, as she was preparing to leave for Lyttelton, Bock was apprehended. During court proceedings, Inspector Pender expressed his belief that Bock might not be fully accountable for her actions due to possible mental health issues. He recommended that she be remanded for a week to undergo a medical examination concerning her sanity. The court ultimately decided to accept this recommendation, with a specific instruction for Mr Donaldson to ensure that Bock remained separate from other prisoners during her detention in Addington gaol. This decision aimed to address concerns about her propensity for deception and unlawful acquisition of goods. The case sheds light on the complexities surrounding Bock’s mental health and the judicial system's approach to dealing with individuals exhibiting erratic behaviour alongside criminal activity.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp18890420_2_58.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18890420.2.58,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-2546681400
7242,26,04,1889,"News Of The Day. (Press, 26 April 1889)","On 26 April 1889, notable events occurred in various sectors including legal matters, cultural activities, and community engagements. Mr Justice Denniston was scheduled to sit in Chambers that morning. In the realm of Imperial Federation, Mr G. R. Parkin from Canada spoke to a large gathering at the Oddfellows' Hall the previous night, with a report of his presentation expected to follow. Mr Maxwell, a Commissioner of Railways, arrived in Lyttelton earlier that morning and met with two delegations concerning proposed changes to express train services, which the commercial community believed would be advantageous. Additionally, Captain R. A. Edwin forecasted a north to west gale with rain forthcoming. The Central Draughts Club held its first annual meeting where Mr D. Reese was re-elected as President and Mr I. Woolf as Hon. Secretary and Treasurer. The Amateur Opera Company presented ""Iolanthe"" at the Theatre Royal to a commendable audience, and the performance was well received, set to be repeated that evening. Other updates included an inspection of the Canterbury Mounted Rifles, with thirty-three members participating. A ballot was held for the position of corporal, resulting in Trooper Green’s election. The Masonic Union's Sub-Committee made progress on distributing a circular to all members in the district. In Southbrook, a cottage owned by Mr Blake caught fire, likely due to a clogged chimney. The local fire brigade responded promptly, limiting damage to the structure. The Acclimatisation Society decided to hold a conference in May regarding future shooting seasons and other conservation matters. The Young Men's Christian Association is attempting to retain Mr Smeaton as General Secretary through a public meeting scheduled for the following Monday, highlighting his significant contributions over the past three years. A serious accident was reported in Waimate involving a young girl who sustained a broken leg after being kicked by a cow while playing in the street. Meanwhile, Amy Bock was sentenced to six months in prison for fraud, with plans to send her to an uncle in Australia after her release. Road Board elections drew nominations from various districts, presenting a competitive electoral landscape. Messrs Matson and Co. were set to auction several properties, including valuable city land, while they also prepared for a large grain and produce sale. In the arts, the Oxford Dramatic Company performed ""East Lynne,"" receiving acclaim for its cast and scenery, with plans to support those in need within the district using profits from future performances. An art exhibition drew good attendance, and the Palace Rink opened for skating, continuing to attract participants. Preparation for a chess match between Canterbury and another side was underlined, indicating a robust engagement in recreational activities. Lastly, an annual parade for the Christchurch Volunteers was scheduled, showcasing the organisation's continued commitment to community service and ceremonial activities. The article concluded with acknowledgments for donations received to assist community efforts.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp18890426_2_31.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18890426.2.31,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-2546163000
7243,24,05,1890,"New Zealand. (Press, 24 May 1890)","On 24 May 1890, significant events unfolded across various regions in New Zealand, reflecting diverse societal concerns and local developments. In Auckland, the Auckland Railway Reform League decided to host a public meeting to discuss railway administration matters. A discharged patient, who had been admitted to Avondale Asylum in 1884, expressed grievances about his treatment, highlighting that after the sale of his farm for £331, he was left with only £7s to his name after incurring £1 weekly charges while in the asylum. He felt he had been treated harshly during his confinement. Bishop Cowie was reported to be recovering from a severe illness. In political affairs, T. Thompson, Member of the House of Representatives for Auckland North, spoke to his constituents about pressing issues, vehemently opposing property tax, which he predicted would be a contentious topic in upcoming elections. Thompson called for substantial retrenchment in public service spending and proposed that any potential revenue deficits could be managed through this approach and by implementing a land tax. As preparations were underway for the Wellington session with the impending departure of Sir F. Whitaker, Bro. R. McCullough was appointed as Deputy Grand Master of the Provincial Grand Masonic Lodge, and Bro. W. Anderson as Substitute Grand Master. Additionally, anticipation built around the debut of Mr Christie Murray's new play, scheduled for performance in Auckland the following week. In Gisborne, a farewell gathering for Mr. Kenny, the newly appointed Resident Magistrate at Westport, took place amongst leading citizens and members of the legal profession. An inquest into a fire at A. J. Cooper's shop revealed that a gas pipe had been deliberately cut, leading to a verdict of ""Incendiarism by some person unknown."" Meanwhile, the steamer Tuna, operated by Nelson Bros., was found rapidly filling with water after striking an object, complicating efforts to manage the vessel's integrity. A significant legal ruling was made by the Waiparo Commission Judges, who reinforced the original judgment from 1885 declaring that Tula Nanomiatu's party had no claim to the 30,000-acre Waiparo block of land after a rehearing of the case. In Dunedin, Amy Bock, also known by several aliases related to her past as a kleptomaniac, was remanded for trial after admitting to fraudulently obtaining £822 from a money lender. The Mayor contributed a second donation of £5 to the Art Gallery fund, alongside a £20 donation from Mr. John Bidey, enabling the committee to acquire ""A November Pastoral"" by McKay. Lastly, in Invercargill, the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals decided to cease operations, transferring those responsibilities to local police. Observations of unusual fish, suspected to be salmon, were noted in the Aparima River near Fairfax, marking an intriguing development for local fisheries. The Shire Company's Maori King reported the export of 4,000 to 6,000 sacks of oats to the British market from Bluff, indicating the region’s agricultural activities.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp18900524_2_39.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18900524.2.39,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-2512207800
6546,28,06,1890,"""lifer"" Dale At The Guest-dinner. (Press, 28 June 1890)","On 28 June 1890, a detailed narrative recounts the arrival of the Onety-Oneth Regiment of Infantry to Hobart Town in 1840 as they march into Barrack Square, filled with festivity and social gaiety. The officers, quickly becoming the focus of local attention, indulge in numerous social events as they await their deployment to various detachments in Port Dalrymple, Oatlands, and Port Arthur. As the regiment prepares to move, a notable dinner is organised, showcasing the officers' culinary skills and the quality of the regimental plate. The presence of high-profile guests, including the Governor and local dignitaries, further elevates the occasion. On the eve of this grand dinner, emotions run high, as young officers and soldiers relish the last moments of merriment before the impending separation and challenges of duty ahead. Amidst this setting, a poignant subplot emerges involving Convict Dale, also known as Captain Egerton, who had been sentenced to life for the murder of a man named Mr Vincent—an accusation he vehemently denies. The narrative unfolds with Dale's silent anguish as he reflects on his past life and the drastic shift into convict status—an emotional turmoil heightened by the presence of his former comrades and the memories they evoke. As the dinner progresses, Dale, while on an errand under a pass that allows him out after hours, inadvertently identifies himself to Sergeant Greaves, once his body servant, sparking a wave of emotional recognition. Greaves is shocked to discover the frequency with which they, once on opposite sides of the social hierarchy, now encounter each other under vastly different circumstances. Engulfed in a moment of courage, Dale decides to confront his past and the injustices surrounding his conviction. He boldly enters the mess room, interjecting into the lively dinner with an announcement that stuns all present, including his former associates. He proclaims his identity and accuses Lieutenant Caramore of being the actual murderer, revealing that he possessed a ring with the initials of the victim at the time of the crime. The atmosphere of the dinner transforms dramatically; stunned silence fills the room. Dale's public declaration culminates in Caramore's sudden death from shock, intensifying the gravity of the revelation. The Colonel commands respect for Dale, seeking to clear his name while also acknowledging the horrific crime of which he was unjustly accused. As the situation unfolds, discussions explore themes of justice, honour, and the rigid structures of society, illustrating an intricate tapestry of personal and military dynamics. Ultimately, the narrative weaves a compelling tale of redemption and the unfathomable burdens carried by those shaped by their past, challenging notions of innocence and guilt against a backdrop of societal expectations and moral dilemmas. The complexity of identities and relationships is a central motif, providing a vivid reflection on the human experience amidst the rigours of military life and the harsh realities faced by convicts in 19th century Australia.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp18900628_2_6.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18900628.2.6,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-2509183800
7244,18,10,1892,"New Zealand. (Press, 18 October 1892)","On 17 October 1892, significant events unfolded across various regions in New Zealand. In Auckland, Detective Kirby was set to travel to Napier, while Detective Grace arrived in Auckland. The Orangemen were planning to present a welcome address to Lord Glasgow. Tragically, the body presumed to be Albert Tucker was discovered at Ngunguru, and a second body identified as A. Gallic was found near Wangarei Heads. This brings the total of bodies recovered from the yacht Minerva disaster to six. H.M.S. Ringarooma concluded a cruise in the Hauraki Gulf, during which members of the Auckland Naval Artillery and Parnell Navals participated in extensive drills. The Charitable Aid Board held a meeting where it was reported that their assets totalled £9830, but with a deficiency of £2241 primarily due to unpaid contributions from local bodies and rising hospital costs. In Woodville, an extraordinary general meeting of the proprietors of the Woodville Examiner, E. A. Haggen and Co., led to the decision to enter voluntary liquidation. In Wellington, disruptions on the Gorge line were cleared, allowing traffic to resume. The Commissioners anticipated removing remaining obstructions by Wednesday night, which would permit regular train services to commence again on Thursday morning. An update from the New South Wales Rifle Association noted that several men from Auckland and Wellington, including Doughty, McCarthy, Webster, and others, were likely to form the New Zealand team for an upcoming Intercolonial match, with Major Strang volunteering to captain the team. The community mourned the loss of Mr David Lewis, a significant figure associated with the New Zealand Company, who passed away at the age of ninety after a long career, including serving as Land Commissioner. In Timaru, Amy Bock, a well-known swindler recently released from Dunedin Gaol after serving three years for forgery, was sentenced to an additional month's imprisonment for false pretences after deceiving a lady of £1. In Dunedin, Councillor Hardy announced his withdrawal from the mayoral contest. Meanwhile, in Invercargill, Mr T. A. Tabart, Chief Inspector of Stock, and Mr Archibald Park, Government Veterinary Surgeon from Tasmania, arrived via the Waihora to attend a stock conference in Wellington. Overall, the events of the day reflect a mix of political, social, and tragic developments across New Zealand, highlighting community issues, governance challenges, and individual stories of loss and resilience.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp18921018_2_30.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18921018.2.30,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-2436348600
7245,13,03,1903,"New Zealand. (Press, 13 March 1903)","On 12 March 1903, notable developments were reported from Auckland and Wellington. In Auckland, the Trade and Labour Council addressed a resolution urging the Government to appoint a practical miner as an inspector for the northern goldfields. This move is likely intended to enhance oversight and safety regulations in the mining sector. Additionally, there were six applications submitted for the lease of Sunday Island, which boasts an area of approximately 900 acres. A ballot was scheduled to take place on the same day to determine the successful applicant. In a diplomatic announcement, Mr Dillingham, the American Consul, was informed that he will take on the role of Consul-General for New Zealand and its dependencies in the South Seas and Fiji. This new position is expected to establish him in Wellington as his base of operations. Meanwhile, in Wellington, legal proceedings in the Supreme Court resulted in significant sentences for several individuals. Joseph was sentenced to two years' imprisonment, while Frederick Cooper received a one-year sentence for their involvement in the breaking and entering of the Watea Hotel. In another case, Amy Bock was convicted of making false statements and was sentenced to two years' imprisonment. These court decisions reflect the ongoing enforcement of law and order within the region.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19030313_2_67.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19030313.2.67,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-2108287800
7246,23,04,1903,"Assault. (Press, 23 April 1903)","On 23 April 1903, a case involving a serious assault occurred in which a youth named Edmund Barnard was charged with violently attacking William James Edgar, a middle-aged man. The defendant was represented by Mr. Cravenwell, while Mr. Mailer appeared for the prosecution. Edgar testified that Barnard entered his paddock and struck him multiple times with a broom, causing severe bruising and breaking three of his ribs. He maintained that he had not provoked Barnard in any way. Edgar’s witnesses corroborated his account, confirming that the assault was unprovoked. Dr. Downs examined Edgar and confirmed the injuries, which included two broken ribs and other injuries that caused significant pain. He stated that Edgar would likely be unfit for work for at least six weeks following the incident. In Barnard's defence, it was claimed that he had entered Edgar's paddock to separate a fight between their respective dogs and that Edgar had ordered him to leave. Barnard contended that he struck Edgar in self-defence after being attacked first with a broom. This was supported by evidence from defence witnesses. The Bench ultimately decided to impose a fine of £3 and costs on Barnard, with half of the fine going to the informant, Edgar. In other judicial matters that day, four first-time offenders charged with drunkenness were fined 5 shillings each, while Andrew Silvester White, requiring medical treatment, was remanded for seven days. William Pearson, who had a history of drunkenness, was fined £40 and costs. Several by-law breaches were also addressed. Individuals including S. Harvey, P. Chillman, C. Watson, W. Everett, L. Simpson, J. Gregory, and O. Moller received fines of 10 shillings each for riding bicycles on footpaths. J. Sadler, who had provided incorrect details, was fined 20 shillings. A charge against P. Auguarde was dismissed. Alfred Burns and Stanley Lanchbury were fined 10 shillings each for riding bicycles after sunset without lights. Charles Wilson, W. Hiller, and J. Slattery were fined 5 shillings and costs for leaving vehicles unattended, while A. and C. Schow were fined 10 shillings and costs for a similar offence. W. F. Burns, G. Carson, and J. Duncan were fined 10 shillings and costs for allowing their horses to roam at large. Lastly, Annie Hunt was fined 20 shillings and costs for importuning, and Amy Bock, also known as Shannon, faced charges of bicycle theft and was remanded until 28 April.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19030423_2_7.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19030423.2.7,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-2104745400
7618,26,01,1907,"Crime In Christchurch. (Press, 26 January 1907)","In the annual report released by the Christchurch Police Station for the year ending December 31, 1906, there was a notable decrease in the number of reported crimes compared to the previous year, with a reduction of 229 offences. The report detailed various categories of crimes and their corresponding figures for both 1905 and 1906. Notably, the total number of crimes recorded in 1906 was lower, reflecting a decline in several specific offences. For example, common assaults fell from 80 in 1905 to 69 in 1906, while assaults occasioning bodily harm decreased from 28 to 20. The report mentioned that assaults on police officers increased slightly from 6 to 7, while robbery, including assaults, also saw a minor increase. There were no reports of serious crimes such as murder or manslaughter in 1906. Other significant reductions were observed in offences related to indecent exposure, which dropped from 8 to 0, as well as thefts, which overall saw declines in various categories including burglary, which fell from 90 to 40 incidents. The report also highlighted some persistent issues, such as drunkenness, which remained relatively high at 168 reports, similar to 1905. Furthermore, there were 113 cases of individuals disobeying court orders in 1906, which was a slight increase from the previous year. The statistics for specific offences were as follows: abusive and threatening language declined marginally to 23 incidents; while there were 4 reports of indecent means and 1 case of damaging police uniform. Regarding family-related offences, desertion and failure to support spouses and children remained a concern, with 81 cases reported. Contrary to the overall trends, certain offences such as cruelty to animals and gambling offences did not significantly change year-on-year. The report provided a comprehensive summary of the state of crime within Christchurch, reflecting both improvements and persistent challenges for law enforcement in the area. Overall, the returns showcased a community experiencing a slight enhancement in safety and crime management from the previous year.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19070126_2_55.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19070126.2.55,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1986031800
7247,27,04,1909,"A Woman Bridegroom (Press, 27 April 1909)","On 26 April 1909, a sensational story emerged from Dunedin regarding Amy Bock, a woman notorious for her cunning scams. Known by various aliases including Channel, Shannon, and Kevin, she was described as a small, agile woman in her forties, originally from Victoria, who had been active in New Zealand since 1884. Bock was well-known to law enforcement due to her history of elaborate swindles and her ability to escape detection. Her latest scheme began in January 1909 when she took a job as a domestic servant with the Roy family in Dunedin. While the family was away on holiday, Bock seized the opportunity to forge a receipt for the sale of their furniture, tricking a businessman from the Waikouaiti Valley into believing it was legitimate. She managed to obtain £30 in exchange for the receipt before disappearing, prompting the police to issue a warrant for her arrest. Bock resurfaced later that month in a boarding house in the Nuggets, adopting the identity of ""Percy Caroll Redwood"", claiming to be the wealthy nephew of an archbishop. With his short hair and fashionable attire, ""Mr Redwood"" quickly became popular among the other residents, impressing them with his apparent wealth and charm. He befriended the Ottaway family, the boarding house owners, and grew particularly close to their daughter. While keeping up his deception, ""Mr Redwood"" convinced a Dunedin woman to lend him £40 and also claimed his ""wealthy mother"" would provide financial support for his intended marriage to Miss Ottaway. Bock even forged letters purportedly from his ""mother"" detailing financial arrangements for their life together. The couple's wedding was scheduled for 21 April 1909, but suspicions began to arise about ""Mr Redwood"" shortly before the ceremony. A resident in the area raised concerns that led to investigations. On the day of the wedding, just as the couple was set to embark on their honeymoon to Melbourne, detectives finally located Bock and apprehended her at the boarding house. Detectives found Bock in the midst of her deception, casually smoking a pipe when they arrived. On being confronted, she simply replied, ""All right."" Following her arrest, it was revealed that she faced charges for her fraudulent activities, specifically the earlier incident involving the £30 she swindled from the businessman. Bock is reported to have admitted to her crimes and is eager to resolve the situation quickly. The Ottaway family, particularly the bride-to-be, expressed shock and distress over the unfolding events. Miss Ottaway has been reported to be unwell, likely due to the emotional turmoil caused by her engagement to someone she believed to be a respectable suitor. The case highlights the strange and remarkable exploits of a woman whose bold escapades captivated local attention and ended in her arrest.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090427_2_35.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090427.2.35,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1915011000
7248,28,04,1909,"The Department Of Agriculture. (Press, 28 April 1909)","On 28 April 1909, the Premier of New Zealand outlined the government's strategy for retrenchment and re-organisation within the public service, specifically addressing upcoming changes in the Department of Agriculture. This department, considered vital to government operations, has faced issues with growth that is common across various departments. The Premier noted that streamlining the ten divisions of the Agricultural Department into five is expected to enhance its effectiveness rather than hinder it. Key appointments have been made, including Mr Hope as the new Secretary for Agriculture, who has extensive experience in the Department. Mr Clifton has been promoted to ""Director of Farms,"" a title that indicates a focus on exhibition and developmental work, while Mr G. S. Munro's involvement is also positively regarded. The merging of the Veterinary and Stock divisions, advocated by Mr Gilruth, is anticipated to improve efficiency, particularly in responding to livestock disease outbreaks. Previously, reports had to undergo multiple layers of communication, causing delays; the new structure aims to significantly reduce this time loss. The Premier claimed that the reorganisation would yield ""great economies,"" despite the unfortunate consequence of job losses due to retrenchment. He suggested that this distress stems from previous government extravagance. The interest surrounding the Premier's announcements is expected to grow as he prepares to deliver a policy speech discussing other departmental adjustments. Additionally, the article touches on the intriguing case of Miss Amy Bock, a woman who gained attention for masquerading as a man, which has echoed historical instances of women successfully passing as men. References include the notorious ""Chevalier D'Eon,"" who lived as a man while actually being a woman, and the Spanish military nun ""Catalina de Eranso,"" who famously married without revealing her true identity. These examples highlight the complexities of gender roles and the lengths to which some women have gone to navigate societal norms, often intertwined with themes of love, survival, and deception.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090428_2_19.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090428.2.19,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1914924600
7249,28,04,1909,"The Woman Bridegroom. (Press, 28 April 1909)","The news story revolves around the extraordinary escapades of Amy Bock, who is known for her devious exploits and has recently made headlines by marrying a young woman in the South. Bock has gained notoriety in both the city and Canterbury, becoming adept at charming unsuspecting men into parting with their money. Previously employed at a boarding house about eighteen months prior, she garnered the affection of the boarders through her pleasant disposition, despite not being particularly attractive. Bock's schemes have included fabricating tales to elicit financial assistance, one instance involving a story about a male friend in distress on the West Coast. She successfully manipulated one boarder into giving her twelve pounds, while she was about to approach another when the landlady interrupted. Her history includes stints at local institutions, where she showcased her talent for organising theatrical performances. A particularly notable aspect of Bock's abilities is her mastery of seven different styles of handwriting, which has aided her in various deceitful schemes. On one occasion while incarcerated, she slyly arranged for a letter to be posted to Victoria, whereupon she received a reply regarding an alleged inheritance of valuable property. Known by several aliases, including Shannon and Chanel, Bock has a long history with the law, having faced the Supreme Court in February 1905 on a forgery charge related to a cheque alteration incident involving a John Gardiner in Rakaia. During her trial, she claimed to have received only a fraction of the money she had expected as a result of the fraudulent cheque, but was ultimately found guilty. Her criminal record stretches back to 1896, and at the time of her sentencing, she had accumulated numerous convictions. Recently, Bock appeared at the Dunedin Police Court and indicated her intention to plead guilty to the charges against her. The court was crowded with observers eager to witness the proceedings, leading to her being discreetly escorted out to avoid the throng waiting outside. Bock's ongoing adventures and interactions with the law continue to captivate the public imagination.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090428_2_35.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090428.2.35,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1914924600
7250,30,04,1909,"Amy Bocks Case. (Press, 30 April 1909)","On 29 April 1909, Amy Bock expressed concern over her upcoming appearance at the Supreme Court, where she hopes to have a solicitor represent her and speak on her behalf. The anxiety stems from the potential of being declared an habitual criminal, which could result in her receiving an indeterminate sentence. There is indication that a prominent lawyer is expected to represent her in court. In connection to a marriage involving Miss Ottaway, it has been reported that she will need to initiate legal proceedings under the Divorce Act to seek an annulment. In a related issue, a local jewellers' firm provided £150 worth of jewellery to a man identified as ""Mr Percy Redwood"". To ensure financial security, a local legal firm secured the property of the Ottaways located at the Nuggets and guaranteed repayment to the jewellers. The unfolding situation highlights legal complications surrounding Bock's circumstances, her marriage, and financial dealings.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090430_2_48.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090430.2.48,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1914751800
7251,01,05,1909,"Amy Bock's Case. (Press, 1 May 1909)","On 30 April 1909, Amy Bock made arrangements to sell the rights to her photograph in male clothing, intending to use the proceeds for her legal defence. The solicitors representing her have chosen to donate the funds to a young woman from Dunedin who had been defrauded of £41. It has come to light that the gold watch chain and medal Bock was wearing at the time of her arrest were borrowed from an individual in Christchurch. These items will be returned to their rightful owner following the conclusion of the case.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090501_2_81.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090501.2.81,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1914665400
7252,03,05,1909,"News Of The Day. (Press, 3 May 1909)","The latest incident involving Amy Bock has garnered significant attention across New Zealand. Bock has managed to convincingly deceive her acquaintances by masquerading as a man and going through a marriage ceremony with another woman. This extraordinary episode has sparked widespread interest, with many eager to see her portrait, which is set to be featured in ""The Weekly Press."" The portraits, taken in 1886 when Bock was 25, depict her in various disguises, including female attire and male clothing shortly before the wedding. In local news, a new School Committee has been elected for Riccarton, led by C. E. T. Hill as chairman. Additionally, detectives in New Plymouth arrested a man charged with thefts, including a safety razor set and a racing saddle. A meeting was held to discuss electing a new trustee for the Kaiapoi park following Dr. J. A. J. Murray's relocation to Australia. Meanwhile, Miss Ada Ward expressed her delight in meeting members of the Edwin Geach Company after a lecture at His Majesty's Theatre, while also advocating for a crackdown on vulgar show performances. There are intriguing developments in the world of magic, with Mr. James Stirton claiming to have deciphered the secret behind a renowned illusion, which, if validated, could earn him a reward of £500. Several private performances have reportedly confirmed his claims. A social meeting is set to open the session for the Christchurch Methodist Literary and Debating Society, led by the new minister, Rev. C. H. Garland, who emphasised the need for energetic measures to make meetings more engaging. Concerns were raised about the utility of a bishop, reflected humorously in a remark from a historical Governor of New Zealand regarding the lack of roads for the ecclesiastical carriage. This anecdote recounts how Bishop Selwyn humbly traversed the terrain, exemplifying his commitment to the community. In the realm of local interest pieces, ""The Weekly Press"" includes a range of illustrations, from views of Constantinople to birdlife in the Auckland Islands, alongside the ongoing story of Bock, which continues to captivate the public. In other news, a bazaar opened by the Hon. J. B. C. Bull in aid of a local church was well-attended, and notable incidents include a dramatic moment at Wellington wharf when a passenger realized he was on the wrong steamer. Additionally, a missing child was found sleeping in a box, causing great relief to parents in Timaru. The budding Marshland Farmers' Club also had its inaugural meeting, highlighting community engagement and a desire for agricultural advancement in the region. On a more serious note, a solicitor faced scrutiny for financial mismanagement in court, where it was noted he had scant income and significant debts, raising questions about his ability to practice law. These events, alongside a plethora of other local updates, reflect the everyday life and challenges faced by New Zealanders in 1909, showcasing a blend of societal issues, community spirit, and curiosities that paint a vivid picture of the era.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090503_2_36.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090503.2.36,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1914492600
7253,04,05,1909,"News Of The Day. (Press, 4 May 1909)","On 4 May 1909, ""The Weekly Press"" featured an issue filled with engaging stories and illustrations, particularly highlighting portraits of Amy Bock, who was notably referred to as the female bridegroom. The publication also introduced a series titled ""The Adventures of Ru*vell Howard,"" beginning with ""The Case of Lord Ponderry,"" which narrates the capture of a young nobleman by Sicilian brigands. The news included reports from Greymouth about planned indignation meetings in Westport and Greymouth, aimed at protesting the abolition of the Westland District Court. An extensive report on livestock slaughtered at the Christchurch abattoir for April detailed the figures: 959 cattle were slaughtered with 11 condemned, alongside 864 sheep, 1,097 lambs, 810 pigs, and 388 calves. Building permits issued in April were noted, with a total value exceeding £23,000 for projects in various wards. The Richmond Methodist Church celebrated its anniversary with services led by Rev. C. H. Garland and Rev. G. H. Law, drawing considerable public attendance. In response to an appeal from the Maori Mission Board, St. Andrew’s Church conducted a special offertory, demonstrating community support. Despite the bowling season ending, enthusiasts expressed a desire to continue the sport. The weather pattern shifted, bringing heavy mist which was welcomed by hunters preparing for duck shooting. The potato blight severely affected crops in South Canterbury, leading to reduced pricing and concerns among merchants about oversupply. Additionally, a new disease detrimental to onions was noted. The Associated Board of the Royal Academy of Music announced the closing of entries for examinations, with numbers reflecting interest in both theory and practical assessments. In legal matters, the Westport murder trial was set for hearing on 10 May, with a significant number of witnesses summoned for both the prosecution and defence. A report revealed that Michael J. Morrigan, a publican from Shannon, faced charges for licensing violations during the recent election, marking a first-of-its-kind case in New Zealand. Trinity Congregational Church held services where Rev. W. J. L. Closs shared messages of faith and trust in God. Concerned poultrymen protested the closure of the Burnham Poultry Experimental Farm, advocating for its reconsideration due to its vital contributions to the poultry industry. Following the Labourers' dispute, the Timaru Borough committed to ensuring fair treatment of employees, linking pay to work performance while allowing for time off during illness. Moreover, updates from the weather department forecasted adverse weather conditions, likely affecting shipping and encouraging caution. The wider community engaged in various events, including a successful musical performance at Sydenham Mission Hall, featuring the travel representative of Dr. Barnardo's homes, and discussions on improving the agricultural sector through proposed reorganisation strategies. Additionally, a meeting convened by citizens protesting taxation on farms indicated a push for balanced assessments between unimproved and improved land values. In cultural events, combined church parades celebrated community spirit, while a significant share of recent reports focused on music, agriculture, and public welfare initiatives, demonstrating active participation across different sectors of society.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090504_2_40.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090504.2.40,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1914406200
7254,04,05,1909,"The Case Of Amy Bock (Press, 4 May 1909)","Amy Bock was presented before the Court in Dunedin on 4 May 1909, facing charges of forging the signature of her employer, John Roy, to obtain a loan of £110 from a moneylender named Ellis. Bock, who was working as a domestic servant for Roy, allegedly used a forged receipt for £62 indicating that she had bought Roy's furniture to secure the loan. This occurred while Roy and his family were on holiday. The courtroom was packed with spectators by the time the proceedings began, and Bock's lawyer requested she be allowed to sit with her back to the public, citing her distress, but the Magistrate denied this request. Evidence presented revealed that Bock sold Roy's furniture without his knowledge while he was away. Following the family's return, Bock left the house under the pretense of visiting her brother and a friend. Bock wrote a letter to Ellis, expressing deep remorse and begging for leniency. She admitted in the letter to deceiving him under immense pressure to help her brother, claiming that she had fabricated her identity and circumstances out of desperation. She articulated a strong appeal for understanding and indicated her belief that she could repay the money if given the chance. In the hearing, she pleaded guilty and expressed gratitude to the police and the Roy family for their treatment during the ordeal. The Court was informed that three additional charges would be laid against her. Chief Detective Herbert provided evidence of her time working for Roy and the events leading to the forgery. The details surrounding the transaction revealed that Bock had written to financial agents seeking a loan on the furniture she claimed was hers. Using the false name of Charlotte Skevington, she engaged with both Ellis and his solicitor, Mr D. Forsyth, to complete the necessary documents to secure the cash advance. The case has drawn significant public interest due to the nature of the crime and the emotional appeals Bock made in her writings, reflecting a complex interplay of desperation and manipulation. As proceedings concluded, Bock was committed for sentencing.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090504_2_70.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090504.2.70,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1914406200
7255,05,05,1909,"News Of The Day. (Press, 5 May 1909)","On 5 May 1909, a variety of local events and developments in New Zealand were reported. The ""Weekly Press"" offered an opportunity for direct mail to London, aiming to share intriguing news featuring the story of Amy Bock, a noteworthily curious account expected to engage readers. The issue also included auction announcements from several companies such as New Zealand Farmers' Co-op and Baker Bros. In Ashburton, the price of bread increased to 6d for a 4lb loaf. The Christchurch Beautifying Society re-elected its Executive, confirming a commitment to local improvement. In a legal case, a fifteen-year-old boy, Nathaniel Symons, was committed to a reformatory in Napier for breaking and entering, marking a troubling start to his youth. The Canterbury Automobile Association discussed subscriptions and the need for a distinctive badge for its members. In a quirky court ruling, a disgruntled property owner from Auckland received a valuation reduction after complaining about his unfavourable neighbours, a church and a Chinese individual. A meeting of the Trinity Congregational Literary and Debating Society saw contributions on various topics, including a poem winning acclaim. The New Zealand Presbyterian Young Men's Bible Class Union held a meeting to discuss future plans and collaborations with other organisations. The report detailed a visit by the Antarctic exploring ship Nimrod for necessary repairs, which revealed minimal damage from ice pressure, highlighting the resilience of its British oak timbers. Authorities discussed allowing children's bicycles in public gardens following complaints about restrictions, with some members suggesting a review of existing rules. The Napier bakers reverted to previous pricing after a failed trial of a bread retailing system. In the world of local politics, the Ashburton Borough Council met to assess its financial situation, including an overdraft of £1453, and to approve rates. The arrival of the New Zealand Shipping Company's liner Bimutaka from London was noted, with a diverse contingent of passengers, including many assisted migrants. A court ruling clarified that the Magistrate's Court had the power to reinstate cases previously struck out due to non-attendance, providing a significant procedural clarification. Meanwhile, the Wellington Benevolent Institution prepared support for a blind Chinese gardener, demonstrating evolving community aid dynamics. Further, discussions around regulations for motor launches were underway in Wanganui, indicating growing public transport considerations. The Christchurch Drainage Board engaged with various improvement projects, while the local shooting clubs planned competitions and enhancements in training. Overall, the news reflected a dynamic community engaged in various social, legal, and economic activities, marked by local governance, community welfare, and cultural engagements.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090505_2_33.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090505.2.33,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1914319800
7256,07,05,1909,"News Of The Day. (Press, 7 May 1909)","On 7 May 1909, notable New Zealand author O. B. Lancaster wrote an evocative article titled ""A Place of Beginnings,"" which will be published in ""The Press."" Lancaster has embarked on an important literary assignment for an American magazine. Meanwhile, Hon. T. Mackenzie visited Geraldine, where he received a warm reception from farmers who expressed their dissatisfaction with the new train arrangements. Although he listened sympathetically to their concerns, he clarified that the issue was beyond his jurisdiction. In legal news, Amy Bock is due in Dunedin Police Court facing charges of false pretences and a fake marriage declaration. Thomas Mulcahey, found guilty of stealing a totalisator ticket at Rivertands racecourse, was sentenced to three months imprisonment. In Feilding, bootmaker Charles Mitchell pleaded guilty to betting with an 18-year-old and received a £10 fine. A curling match at Ohoka ended with the Rangiora team winning 29 games to 7. The Rangiora Literary and Debating Society held its recent meeting focusing on various contemporary issues, discussing topics such as juror pay and the relevance of churches today. The meeting also included an address from the president on ""Progress"" and reaffirmed the inclusion of women in all society events. In Ashburton, during the Mayor's installation, a resolution supporting Prime Minister Joseph Ward's offer of a Dreadnought to Great Britain was passed, with strong agreement from Mayor C. W. Parnell. The Canterbury Caledonian Society held its season's opening social event featuring a captivating paper on Scottish history and music performances. The Rangiora Borough Council reported on municipal gasworks, showing significant business growth compared to the previous year, detailing a considerable increase in gas receipts and the consumer base. Discussions continued on a proposed water scheme which the public viewed with skepticism despite its necessity. Reports from around New Zealand indicated issues in the bricklayers' trade, where intense competition had driven down prices. Dr. Trevor praised the Koraunui Council for its efforts in improving local infrastructure, noting the health benefits of cleaner streets compared to his early experience in Ashburton. The Dunedin Police Court dealt with several cases, including a man charged with drunkenness while under a prohibition order. Additionally, a fruiterer was discharged after the court ruled his dual business practices didn't violate the half-holiday closing laws. The article highlighted various community events, including lectures and sporting activities, as well as revelations about the health of infants raised on different nutrition regimens. Throughout, the local society appeared to engage in a grappling with regulatory changes, public services, and community development, all of which reflect the evolving dynamics of early 20th-century New Zealand life.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090507_2_33.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090507.2.33,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1914147000
7258,08,05,1909,"The Case Of Amy Bock (Press, 8 May 1909)","On 8 May 1909, Amy Rock appeared in a Dunedin court to plead guilty to charges of false pretences and making a false declaration related to her fraudulent marriage. Rock was accused of deceiving Miss Margaret Henderson out of £41 by fabricating a story about losing her valuables at the Nuggets while fishing. She claimed a large sum of money was lost when her pocketbook fell into the sea, and purported to need funds to hire a diver to recover it. Henderson, believing Rock’s story, lent her all the money she had, only to find out later that Rock had no intention of repaying the loan. Witnesses testified that Rock had posed as a man named P.C. Redwood while staying at a boarding house run by Mrs Butcher and had managed to maintain this charade for months. Rock had even gained the trust of George Ottaway, the father of her fiancée, by portraying herself as a wealthy individual. A marriage ceremony was conducted at Ottaway’s house on 21 April, where she had invited numerous guests. Further evidence revealed that Rock had misleadingly filled out marriage documentation on 8 March, claiming to be a bachelor, and had misrepresented her financial situation to various individuals to extract money from them. Detective Hunt, who arrested Rock, indicated that she had previously suggested her intention to plead guilty during questioning. In another instance, she approached a barrister named B.S.J. Irwin for a temporary loan of £10, alleging that she had lost it at sea and that her financial resources would soon be replenished. Irwin ultimately provided the loan but later discovered that Rock's claims were without merit. Despite the overwhelming evidence, Rock’s attorney expressed a desire to reserve her defence. However, she did demonstrate a degree of gratitude towards her lawyer and the public press for portraying her as a woman despite her actions. She acknowledged her wrongdoings and indicated a willingness to accept punishment. Rock was committed to the Supreme Court for sentencing on the charges of fraudulent behaviour, and although her lawyer sought bail, the magistrate declined on the grounds that it would not be in line with the Supreme Court's directives. Thus, Rock remained in custody pending her sentencing.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090508_2_91.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090508.2.91,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1914060600
7257,08,05,1909,"Topics Of The Day. (Press, 8 May 1909)","On 8 May 1909, the trend of studying and recording tombstone inscriptions in country churchyards is highlighted, as a meaningful hobby embraced by those interested in local history and genealogy. The article refers to individuals, often affiliated with archaeological societies, who diligently work to transcribe and document the inscriptions found on tombstones, advancing the understanding of historical contexts and personal narratives linked to these graves. Mr W. B. Gerish from the East Herts Archaeological Society discusses the challenges faced during this task, including physical exhaustion from kneeling, brushing stones, and deciphering weathered engravings. Despite efforts to document these inscriptions, photography is noted as often ineffective due to the deterioration of the stones, rendering the letters nearly indecipherable. Nevertheless, recording these inscriptions is considered crucial as they represent a connection to the past that could otherwise be lost to time. The article also touches upon the humorous interactions between grave hunters and local clerks, suggesting some suspicion from the clergy about the intent behind documenting the dead, with fears of taxation implied. Additionally, the farewell of Admiral Lord Charles Beresford from his command of the Channel Fleet is described, illustrating a poignant ceremony as he departs amidst a crowd of supporters. This event captured public sentiment, demonstrating the Admiral's popularity and his significance in advocating for a powerful navy. The scene is depicted with great emotion as sailors and the public express their admiration, marking a significant moment of commemoration for his service. In a contrasting narrative, the article recounts the capture of Multan, a notorious raider in India, emphasizing the ongoing challenges faced by troops on the Indian frontier against local insurgencies. Multan was responsible for numerous atrocities and ultimately met his end during a military operation that highlighted the precariousness of frontier life and the sacrifices involved in maintaining order. The story reflects upon the complexity of border conflicts in the colonial era, illustrating how significant losses are often endured in the name of security. The piece concludes with a curious anecdote about a woman who disguised herself as a man to escape a troubled marriage and gain employment in a man's world. This tale, suggesting themes of gender identity and societal roles, illustrates the lengths one might go to in pursuit of freedom and survival, ultimately ending with her unmasking and return to her true identity. Overall, the articles cover diverse themes, from the significance of local historical preservation through tombstones to the personal triumphs against social constraints, and from naval farewells resonating with national pride to the harsh realities of colonial policing.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090508_2_47.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090508.2.47,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1914060600
7259,10,05,1909,"Amy Bock. (Press, 10 May 1909)","Amy Bock was born in Sale, Gippsland, Victoria, 49 years prior to May 1909. A schoolmate of hers, J.C. Bryant, noted that she was both clever and popular during her school years, attending a local State school where Bryant's father was the headmaster. Although she had a somewhat reserved attitude, she enjoyed the company of boys, which was seen as a reflection of her temperament rather than any boldness. As she grew older, Amy developed several talents, particularly in music, and earned a reputation as an accomplished woman. During her youth, she participated in sports, specifically equestrian activities, and won various riding prizes at agricultural shows alongside her brother. Her father contributed to her early exposure to entertainment, organising charitable events where Amy showcased her abilities by playing male roles in performances. Amy's mother had a significant influence on her life. She was known for her dramatic flair and was even referred to as ""Lady Macbeth,"" engaging in theatrical gestures at home. This dynamic between mother and daughter appears to have shaped Amy’s personality and artistic inclinations, suggesting a close bond and a strong motherly presence in her formative years.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090510_2_47.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090510.2.47,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1913887800
7260,13,05,1909,"News Of The Day. (Press, 13 May 1909)","On 13 May 1909, Dunedin's correspondent reported on various local events. Mr A. C. Hanlon was set to leave for the West Coast on Friday to defend Connolly, accused of murder, with the trial anticipated to last five days. In the Juvenile Court, an infant was committed to the Receiving Home due to concerns over its mother, who was deemed an habitual drunkard and a reputed prostitute; the child is to be raised in the Church of England faith. A foreign missionary meeting was conducted at the Sydenham Methodist Church, attended by a large audience. Chairman Mr F. Thompson welcomed Rev. J. W. Burton, who spoke about his missionary work in Fiji and experiences in India, receiving a vote of thanks afterwards. The Kaiapoi Athletic Club appointed Mr H. Evans as a trustee, replacing Dr. J. A. J. Murray. In the Rangiora Literary and Debating Society, the debate topic was whether the Dreadnought Offer was justifiable. The Western Maori election petition was near a decision, expected the following Saturday, with no costs awarded against Mr Grace, the Returning Officer. Two men, William Niccols and William Cotter, were committed for trial after allegedly assaulting Sarah Falloon and robbing her of £5. At the Geraldine Road Board meeting, Mr J. Kelland was re-elected as chairman, while a general rate proposal was introduced. Local labour markets were struggling, as reported from Greymouth, where the Blackball Company had recently cut 30 jobs, with further reductions expected. The Canterbury Methodist Sunday School Union held its quarterly meeting at Papanui, discussing social conditions in their homeland and featuring various speakers. Hon. J. R. Sinclair mentioned at the Trust Company annual meeting that financial difficulties had allowed for better mortgage opportunities. A Wellington man was selling an unusual insecticide, claiming it had a long waiting period before use, leading to some humorous interactions with potential buyers. Mr H. G. Ell, M.P., expressed dissatisfaction after the Mayor of Auckland declined to chair his meeting regarding ""Rating on Unimproved Land Values."" The Christchurch Garrison Non-commissioned Officers' Club held a meeting to adapt club rules and consider reviving a garrison ball. The Women's Christian Temperance Union held a farewell social for Miss Roberts, recognising her contributions to various social causes. Meanwhile, Industries Week began in Wellington, showcasing New Zealand-made goods. A fire board in Wellington decided to purchase a new fire engine, while weather-related challenges disrupted services in Kaikoura, isolating the settlement. The Ellersmere Domain Board discussed recreation grounds for Southbridge and Doyleston, while cycle workers reached an agreement with employers intending to take the matter to the Arbitration Court. Significant construction work was slated to begin at Port Chalmers. Lastly, a bankruptcy meeting revealed W. G. Sommerville had substantial debts, while a witness in a Wellington court case recalled humorous encounters relating to his drinking during a robbery incident. Services at a local Presbyterian church were also noted for their success, as was a meeting focused on filling a theological chair left vacant by a previous death.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090513_2_26.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090513.2.26,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1913628600
7261,18,05,1909,"Amy Bock. (Press, 18 May 1909)","The news story from 18 May 1909 discusses a sale that is taking place for wedding presents. The report originates from Bunerbin on 17 May, noting that a significant auction is being held. The auction features an array of wedding gifts, including a selection of brushes that have garnered attention. Although specifics about the items or their values are not provided, the auction appears to be an opportunity for individuals to purchase wedding presents at potentially lower prices. The article emphasizes the significance of the event, hinting at its appeal to those interested in acquiring gifts for upcoming weddings.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090518_2_50_2.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090518.2.50.2,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1913196600
7262,21,05,1909,"News Of The Day. (Press, 21 May 1909)","On 21 May 1909, news from various regions in New Zealand highlighted important legal proceedings, community meetings, and social events. In the Westport murder trial, Mr H. P. Doogan, a local solicitor, was present to assist the defence. The Supreme Court was set to hold sittings in Greymouth on specific dates in June, September, and December as announced by Hon. A. R. Guinness, M.P. In Auckland, the court faced a backlog of cases, with heavy demand for judicial resources. The annual conference for the Otago and Waitaki Acclimatisation Societies was scheduled for 2 June in Dunedin, focusing on deer management. The Ashburton Horticultural Society received a letter about school garden competition judging, while the Rose Show in December saw special prize offerings. In political news, Mr W. Fraser decided not to contest the Wakatipu seat again, with Mr Alex McNab emerging as a candidate for the Opposition. In education, the Otago High School Board selected a design for the Girls' High School from 21 submissions, moving towards finalising specifications for the school's construction. Discussions continued regarding the Invercargill tramways, with Sir Joseph Ward indicating community support for municipal tramways and seeking a refund for relinquishing rights. The Christchurch Savage Club convened to express condolences for the passing of Mr G. P. Williams, their long-serving honorary secretary. They planned a representation at his funeral, reflecting the esteem in which he was held by club members. In more social events, the Ashburton Scottish Society enjoyed a successful evening of music and dancing, while the Christchurch Garrison Non-commissioned Officers Club extended sympathy to the relatives of a deceased member. Various lectures and meetings contributed to community engagement, including discussions on the British Navy and horticulture. Additionally, the Dunedin workers' union reported a misleading labour situation amidst competing employment demands in the region. Fishing stories were shared, illustrating the creativity of native fish-catching methods, and there was a rise in the sale of second-hand motor cycles due to specific financial reasons. The local industry showed signs of concern over contracts and labour conditions, as evidenced by negotiations related to wages for workers involved in launching a stranded ship. Important community decisions were to be discussed in forthcoming council meetings, with representatives of various sectors collaborating to address local needs. Overall, the news illustrated a dynamic period of legal matters, political developments, social engagements, and community concerns reflecting the life and times of New Zealand in 1909.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090521_2_31.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090521.2.31,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1912937400
7263,28,05,1909,"The Amy Bock Case. (Press, 28 May 1909)","On 27 May 1909, Amy Bock was declared a habitual criminal by a Dunedin court after a series of convictions for false pretences. Defence counsel, Mr Moore, provided a background on Bock, who is said to be 46 years old. He noted her troubled upbringing, revealing that her mother had been committed to a mental asylum and later died in a mental hospital in Australia. After her mother’s commitment, Bock was raised in a ladies' boarding school in Melbourne. Following a significant financial loss in her family, she returned home and pursued a career in teaching, obtaining her licence at around thirteen or fourteen years of age. Despite this promising start, Bock's legal troubles began soon after, with her first known conviction occurring shortly after she started teaching. Her criminal history included multiple convictions for false pretences both in Australia and New Zealand, summing to a total of thirteen previous convictions and a combined sentence of sixteen years and two months. During the court proceedings, Mr Moore argued that Bock's past might indicate a lack of responsibility for her actions and requested a mental examination to assess her condition. However, the presiding judge noted that after the sentence was passed, she would be medically examined to determine her mental state, but for now, he refused to commit her to an asylum. The prosecution represented Bock as a skilled swindler who took advantage of others' trust, with some of her acts being particularly cruel, such as the case involving a victim from whom she stole all savings. The court described her as a ""pest on society"" and acknowledged the need for robust legal action against repeat offenders. In pronouncing the sentence, the judge stated that the law allows for indefinite imprisonment for individuals guilty of a series of offences, which would be the method of dealing with Bock. She was sentenced to imprisonment with hard labour for her charges, and her status as a habitual criminal was formally declared. Mr Moore also mentioned that both the victims, represented by the Ottaway family, had expressed forgiveness towards Bock and were not seeking severe penalisation. The judge acknowledged their commendable stance but remarked on the nature of Bock's deception. The outcome leaves Bock facing a lengthy period of incarceration while the matter of her mental health and potential future treatment could be addressed by the Government.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090528_2_17.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090528.2.17,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1912332600
7264,15,06,1909,"News Of The Day. (Press, 15 June 1909)","On 15 June 1909, the ""Weekly Press"" featured an extensive collection of twenty-seven photographs showcasing various locations across New Zealand. This collection highlighted the nation's development and progress, capturing its vibrant towns. A notable point of pride was the Public Trust Office, originating from a Kiwi statesman and later adopted by British officials. The opening of its new Wellington building was celebrated with pictures of key figures, including the office's originator, past and present staff, and moments from a ceremonial luncheon. In significant community news, the Cheviot Farmers' Union convened to discuss wool-classing and invited an expert from the Agricultural Department for a lecture. Meanwhile, Auckland's police arrested a man named Willcocks, who was found in possession of dynamite materials intended for burglary at a local grocery store. The investigation revealed more explosives at his residence. During a meeting about the Tramway Board's proposed loan, the board's proposals were largely accepted despite one dissenting opinion regarding potential revenue loss from extensions. A variety concert benefitting the Roman Catholic bazaar charity took place in Dartfield, showcasing a range of performances that garnered high praise from attendees. A tragic incident was referenced by the Rev. E. Whitehouse during a sermon at St. Stephen's Church, mourning the loss of John Booth, a respected youth who died from a gunshot wound. He was remembered for his heroic behaviour despite his injuries. In local governance, the Lyttelton Borough Council deliberated on their excessive committee sizes and meeting efficiency. Further updates included the progress of coal mining in the Mount Somers area, which promised increased output due to improved facilities. There were discussions regarding connecting Lyttelton to Christchurch via an electric tram service, with the Mayor encouraging councillors to attend an upcoming meeting about the plans. In education, preliminary preparations for a library in Linwood were underway, with a committee established to handle logistics and book selections. Additionally, a recent upsurge in bankruptcies was noted in the area. The Christchurch City Council also reported on building permits and discussions about a tramway scheme. The unease among council members was evident regarding funds misallocated through loans, with calls for stricter regulation. The overall community involvement and numerous events highlighted the energetic civic life of New Zealand during this period.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090615_2_35.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090615.2.35,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1910777400
7265,18,06,1909,"The Amy Bock Case. (Press, 18 June 1909)","On 17 June 1909, in the Divorce Court in Dunedin, a significant case unfolded when Agnee Ottoway sought an annulment of her marriage to Amy Bock. The application, presented by lawyer Mr Solomon, outlined that the marriage had been conducted under false pretenses, as Bock had presented herself as a man during the ceremony. Soon after the marriage, Ottoway discovered the deception, which left her in a deeply humiliating situation. Mr Solomon informed the court of the necessity of the annulment proceedings, despite the fact that Ottoway could technically remarry without the annulment. His Honour, Mr Justice Williams, acknowledged that while it may not be strictly required, pursuing a formal declaration was indeed desirable. He referred to a similar case from roughly eight years prior, involving a marriage between two women, which had also drawn significant attention. In that case, the parties had lived together for several years before seeking an annulment. Justice Williams then affirmed that the marriage had been solemnised between Ottoway and someone who posed as a man, named Percival Carl Redwood. He recognised the importance of granting the decree of annulment since the marriage was improperly established. Following the presentation of evidence by Ottoway, Chief Detective Herbert, and Agnes Simnson, a gaol matron, the court ultimately granted the annulment, putting an end to the marriage that had been contracted under misleading circumstances.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090618_2_67.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090618.2.67,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1910518200
7266,14,07,1909,"News Of The Day. (Press, 14 July 1909)","On 14 July 1909, the ""Evening News"" announced its upcoming publication of the life story of Amy Bock, a notorious figure infamous for her crimes and for masquerading as a man to marry a woman. The series is anticipated to generate significant interest, especially following the popularity of portraits of Bock that appeared in the ""Weekly Press."" This initiative follows a long-standing tradition of exploring complex social issues, such as the reasons behind women's sins—an age-old question with no definitive answers but one that can be illuminated through individual narratives. In local news, recent weather conditions revealed a sharp frost in Ashburton, while the new Public Library in Timaru saw a remarkable attendance of over 6,600 visitors since its opening. Meanwhile, the Christchurch Fire Board announced a shift to bi-weekly meetings, and the Timaru Borough Council began implementing measures to curb spitting on footpaths, placing notices throughout the town. Another notable agricultural event was the vigorous growth observed in velvet wheat imported from Australia, surpassing local varieties. Financially, the Mayor of Timaru indicated an easement in the money market, highlighting offers of over £10,000 at competitive interest rates. An awards ceremony for the Industries Week Essay Competition was scheduled, with significant local figures set to distribute prizes. Additionally, discussions within the Fire Board included the acquisition of a second-hand motor vehicle to aid in transporting firefighting equipment, and a budgetary limit was placed on gas consumption for brigade members. A humorous incident involving a dog stealing a barracouta drew some amusement, while a minor road accident involved a tram and a motor car at a busy intersection, fortunately resulting in no serious injuries. Cultural engagements included a concert in Lyttelton to benefit the Girls' Friendly Society Lodge and a ploughing match committee meeting in North Canterbury, where plans for upcoming events were put in place. That week, the Royal Horticultural Society in London prepared for its exhibition promoting colonial-grown produce, aiming to enhance the market for colonial fruits. Furthermore, discussions in New South Wales centred around immigration and the financial responsibilities associated with child-rearing, as new proposals aimed to bolster the native-born population's growth. Speculations on the historical discovery of an ancient Māori canoe bed during landscaping work in Marlborough also emerged, sparking interest in the region's heritage. Overall, the local and international news presented a diverse array of developments from social concerns to agricultural advancements, demonstrating the interconnectedness of community, culture, and historical narratives in shaping societal progress.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090714_2_25.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090714.2.25,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1908271800
7267,15,07,1909,"News Of The Day. (Press, 15 July 1909)","On 15 July 1909, the French flag was displayed at the Consulate in Christchurch to commemorate the French National Fete Day. Several events were planned, including the annual meeting of the Christchurch Cathedral Choir Old Members' Association, scheduled for that evening, which would begin with a special service at 5.15 p.m. in the Cathedral followed by tea and a social gathering. In the Arbitration Court, Mr Brown, representing employers, praised the private hotels in Christchurch for providing quality accommodation at low rates during discussions on a dispute related to these establishments. Meanwhile, the Rangiora Literary and Debating Society met on Tuesday, where Mr R. Ball presented a paper on Edgar Allan Poe, previously deferred from an earlier meeting. The Auckland Branch of the Liberal and Labour Federation passed a resolution advocating for the establishment of foundling hospitals to reduce infanticide incidences in the Dominion. In Kaikoura, a meeting was convened to form a miniature rifle club for young ladies, with plans made to use available ranges and resources. The Children’s Convalescent Cottage at New Brighton held its quarterly meeting, discussing reports and necessary improvements, such as removing overgrown trees to enhance access to sunlight and outdoor activities. Miss Dugby's Shorthand and Commercial School had several students who successfully achieved certificates in shorthand theory examinations held in April. The Lincoln District High School committee decided to commemorate Arbor Day with tree planting and a flag hoisting ceremony. Additionally, the 41st annual meeting of the Knightstown (St. Albans) Public Library Mutual Improvement Association took place, adopting reports and electing new officers. At a presentation for Mr C. E. Fowke, a railway employee retiring after over 37 years, attendees noted the remarkable history of long-serving staff in the region, including guard Mr. T. Breeze, who had worked alongside Mr. Fowke for decades. In Kaiapoi, the Borough Council discussed support for a protest against increased funding by the Hospital Board, ultimately voting in favour of the board's efforts to consolidate ward facilities for efficiency. The Farmers' Union will hold its next meeting to discuss current agricultural issues, while the Tramway Board is set to meet for routine business. Various organisations were involved in improvements, including the Young Women’s Christian Association, which reported significant fundraising success for their building fund. At a recent Kaiapoi School Committee meeting, the Board of Education agreed to address some concerns regarding educational resources and infrastructure. Mrs. delivered an influential lecture on ""Prison Reform"" at the Women’s Christian Temperance Union, discussing the need for humane approaches to rehabilitation rather than punitive measures. Moreover, the revised international telegraph regulations were announced, which would affect charges for telegram repetitions. In Christchurch, a collision occurred between a tram and a dray, causing injuries and damage but fortunately no serious harm to passengers. Lastly, the local community reflected on the discussions around the employment situation and preparation for Arbor Day events, as new educational provisions were considered by various committees.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090715_2_21.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090715.2.21,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1908185400
7268,17,07,1909,"A Story Of Interest. (Press, 17 July 1909)","The ""Evening News"" is set to publish the first instalment of the life story of Amy Bock, an extraordinary figure known for her criminal exploits that have garnered significant attention both within New Zealand and beyond its shores. Her notoriety has made her one of the most talked-about criminals in the country’s history. The upcoming narrative promises to reveal many facts about her life and career that have not been disclosed before, including her infamous bogus marriage to a woman who was one of her accomplices. This fabrication was preceded by a series of criminal acts and adventurous escapades that are expected to capture the interest of the readers. The publication encourages everyone to obtain the ""Evening News"" that evening to ensure they do not miss the opening chapters of this intriguing tale.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090717_2_17.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090717.2.17,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1908012600
7269,21,07,1909,"News Of The Day (Press, 21 July 1909)","On 21 July 1909, various auction announcements were published involving C. A. Lees and Co., Harris Bros., New Zealand Farmers' Co-op, and others, which can be found on page 11 of the issue. The Stipendiary Magistrate's decision in the case of Gome v the Selwyn-Ashley Drainage Board, brought to court in Rangiora, has been appealed by the defendant Board. The Christchurch Drainage Board decided to promote a Bill in Parliament to extend the drainage district to include lands currently outside the city district. A meeting of the North Canterbury ploughing match committee took place, resulting in 26 entries for the event scheduled for Friday. Additionally, the high rent in Christchurch was highlighted by Frank Rule, an agent for the Presbyterian Social Service Association, who noted that a family with a weekly income of 35 shillings was paying 12 shillings for inadequate housing. The Rangiora Winter Show announced a weight-guessing competition outcome, with five individuals accurately guessing the weight of a dressed carcass of mutton at 80 pounds, sharing a prize of £1 each. The meat was donated for distribution to deserving cases in the town. At the Loyal Rangiora Lodge of Oddfellows meeting, a recommendation for Bro. J. A. Boyd to the Kaikoura district was approved, and new candidates for membership were discussed. Married members lost a euchre match to their single counterparts. In Wellington, William Tuck, an influential sculler backer, mentioned the ongoing interest in sculling, hinting that champion sculler William Webb might not be done with the sport yet. The Drainage Board addressed a letter from the City and Suburban Burgesses' Association regarding ongoing stormwater issues in the Falsgrave Street area. The board deferred the matter to a consultation with the City Engineer. In a legal case involving the Australian Federated Seamen's Union, Dr. McArthur was adjudicating on a breach of an award related to notice of dismissal procedures. The Minister for Public Works announced the retrenchment of factory inspectors and the closure of the Ashburton and Oamaru labour offices. The Presbyterian Social Service Association advocated for solutions to urban poverty, including the establishment of cottage homes in disadvantaged areas. In other news, the Christchurch Drainage Board discussed a report on the efficacy and cost of local coke versus imported coke. An innovative valveless engine designed by Wellington inventor W. H. Trengrove was also reported, attracting international interest. An upcoming arrival of 215 passengers, most travelling third-class, was noted from the Tongariro, with many assisted immigrants on board. Additionally, Timber Millers protested against proposed export duties for timber shipped over Greymouth wharf, arguing that it would unfairly burden the industry already suffering from high transport costs. The article also reported on various community and sporting events, including the opening of the Scargill Musical Union and the annual meeting of the New Zealand Axemen's Association, alongside discussions of schooling, social issues, and advancements in local infrastructure. Overall, the publication highlighted a range of social, legal, and economic issues pertinent to the day.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090721_2_29.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090721.2.29,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1907667000
7270,10,08,1909,"Woman Of Great Resource. (Press, 10 August 1909)","On 10 August 1909, leading journals in New Zealand are featuring the life story of Amy Bock, a woman whose talents have been notably misapplied. The ongoing series published in the ""New Zealand Herald"" in Auckland, ""Otago Daily Times"" in Dunedin, ""New Zealand Times"" in Wellington, and the Saturday editions of the ""Evening News"" in Christchurch showcases her as a remarkable individual of extraordinary resourcefulness. This captivating narrative appeals to a wide audience, engaging both young and old, regardless of gender. The publicity around Amy Bock's story has led to a significant increase in sales for the Saturday editions of these newspapers, indicating a strong public interest in her unique experiences. This phenomenon mirrors the previous high demand for ""The Weekly Press"" which featured special portraits of her. The overarching sentiment expressed in these publications seems to serve as a cautionary tale, encouraging readers to remain on a virtuous path while highlighting the intriguing yet cautionary aspects of Bock's life.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19090810_2_34.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19090810.2.34,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1905939000
7271,15,03,1910,"News Of The Day. (Press, 15 March 1910)","On 15 March 1910, the growing significance of rifle shooting in New Zealand was highlighted by the recent competitions held at Trentham, which saw the New South Wales team compete for both the Empire Match and the Gordon Highlanders' Trophy. New Zealand achieved notable victories in both events, despite challenging weather conditions like rain and strong winds affecting the Australian competitors. Observations from ""The Weekly Press"" included various illustrations from the event, showcasing participants and their equipment. In local news, the election for the new Hospital and Charitable Aid Board was set to take place the following day, and two boys arrested for theft near Hanmer were brought to town. Law enforcement made additional arrests related to stolen goods from the Kaiapoi Woollen Company. A minor incident involving a tramcar occurred, causing delays but benefiting cab drivers as passengers sought quicker transport into the city. The Christchurch Model Yacht Club conducted its first heats for a trophy presented by Captain Owles, with Mr Haydon's vessel coming out on top in the first heat. Cabinet authorised significant financial expenditure for railway and road works, and there were reports of typhoid fever affecting the Māori community at Jerusalem, raising concerns about public health measures. A harvest festival at Lyttelton Methodist Church attracted large crowds, showcasing both religious and community spirit. A disturbance between newsboys on Cathedral Square resulted in one boy becoming briefly unconscious but recovering shortly after. In a case of verbal abuse at the Wellington Magistrate’s Court, a man was fined for insulting another by referencing a convicted criminal. The Christchurch YMCA prepared for various winter activities, aiming for operational readiness by early April, while a prison escape case caught public attention after a man fleeing from Palmerston North was quickly recaptured. Rev. H. S. Woollcombe spoke at a Lyttelton meeting concerning community character's influence over environment. Further, the government announced investigations into a disease affecting trout in Lake Rotorua, while a cyclist narrowly avoided serious injury in a mishap with a tram. Preparations for a fundraising fair at East Christchurch Schools were underway, responding to funding challenges due to government subsidy cuts. Observations indicated a significant rise in the rabbit population, impacting local businesses, and arrangements were made for a bank holiday to celebrate St. Patrick's Day. The establishment of the New Brighton Sailing and Motor Boat Club marked a new era in local boating activities, with continued discussions on education and community issues happening among various assemblies. Finally, local advertisements promoted services such as customs clearance and outfitting for winter wear, indicating a bustling community atmosphere.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19100315_2_25.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19100315.2.25,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1887190200
7272,12,11,1910,"Passage Through Committee. (Press, 12 November 1910)","On 11 November 1910, discussions in the Wellington House of Representatives highlighted intense debate regarding the Licensing Bill, particularly Clause 16, which pertained to national prohibition. Mr Malcolm expressed his belief that a 50 percent majority should suffice for implementing prohibition, claiming that the Bill too heavily favoured the alcohol trade. Conversely, some members, including Sir Joseph Ward, disputed Malcolm's assertions, stating that they were contrary to the facts. Several members, including Mr Taylor, sought amendments to ensure that national prohibition would require a majority of votes from all valid licensing polls, arguing that a bare majority could undermine the democratic process. Mr Wright was also critical of the three-fifths majority requirement for local options, advocating instead for equal voting rights where every single vote should hold equal weight. Discussions also saw voices against the principle of prohibition. Mr Bollard, for instance, defended moderation over outright prohibition, claiming that such measures would result in the oppression of citizens. The Prime Minister questioned the historical effectiveness of previous licensing laws, and Mr Russell pinpointed concerns about imposing different majority requirements based on the type of voting (local versus national), suggesting that localised license laws should remain. Amid these discussions, a crucial amendment was voted on, with the Prime Minister's change to replace the 55 percent clause with a three-fifths majority gaining approval by a margin of 50 to 25 votes. Additionally, a clause was introduced to prevent brewery depots within proximity to no-license districts, which included an exception for existing bottling warehouses. The session further included discussions surrounding potential voting rights for European electors in the King Country, where a proposal for a three-fifths majority to grant licenses was ultimately rejected. Meanwhile, representatives such as Mr Horsford and Mr Fisher pushed for new clauses to empower constables in enforcing liquor laws and to restrict certain landlord-tenant agreements concerning licensed premises. The Prime Minister's commitment to ensuring the Bill was scrutinised ahead of its final reading was evident, with suggestions to circulate amendments for review. As discussions wrapped up, the Bill was reported with the amendments made, signalling continued deliberations on a topic that sparked considerable contention among representatives concerned about public sentiment, the influence of the alcohol trade, and the principles of democracy. The House rose early on the morning of 12 November 1910, reflecting the long hours devoted to this critical piece of legislation.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19101112_2_48_1.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19101112.2.48.1,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1866281400
7273,12,11,1910,"With The Side Show Folk (Press, 12 November 1910)","On 12 November 1910, the agricultural showground was bustling with a variety of entertainers, each vying and oftentimes struggling to grab the attention of the visitors. The atmosphere was alive with an array of methods aimed at parting guests from their money, prompting a reflection on the whereabouts of such entertainers during the off-season of agricultural shows. Among the attractions were numerous slot machines and a peculiar exhibit that promoted the chance to ""See Amy Bock in wax for a penny,"" which drew an unexpected crowd, mainly composed of ladies, while men tended to gravitate towards the stalls of Cheap Jack, where various inexpensive items were sold. A sense of camaraderie among young couples was palpable, with bashful boys purchasing cheap ""pearls"" for the object of their affection, amidst the teasing of their friends. In the true spirit of a side show, many entertainers attempted to attract patrons with outlandish promotional cries. Notably, one sarcastic gentleman appealingly invited attendees to ""kill the nigger"" but failed to generate interest, leading to his poor spirits about the lack of success. The garishness of the side shows was complemented by the attendees who presented themselves in traditional melodramatic attire, typically involving frock coats and top hats. Additionally, another entertainer boasted about his theatre, contrasting it with competitors of lesser quality, showcasing his pride despite only possessing a cat and a dog as his main attractions. The environment buzzed with shouts from the barkers—an informal term for side show orators—who frequently promised to forfeit money if their bold statements turned out to be untrue. One notable exhibit featured a group with the tagline of a lady and ""three piccaninies,"" which included humorous promotions that hinted at friendly competition and comedic jests for the comic relief of onlookers. Despite the attempts to draw crowds into the various shows, there remained a collective reluctance among visitors, often leading to humorous exchanges about the grandiose claims of the entertainers. In contrast, a bemedalled gentleman, embodying multi-talented flair, performed with a trumpet alongside verbal enticements, promising extraordinary performances inside his tent. The star of his attraction, a modestly dressed Japanese lady, was also double-tasking as she managed entrance fees. However, interest appeared to wane, showcasing a peculiar disconnect between the showmen's extravagant promotional efforts and the public's reception. Ultimately, as the day progressed, the throngs of people continued to move between the attractions, influenced by the haphazard blend of promises and performances. The show stood as a testament to the human penchant for amusement and adventure but also reminded attendees that the greatest enjoyment may very well lie in the anticipation of the spectacle itself.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19101112_2_52_27.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19101112.2.52.27,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1866281400
7619,07,12,1911,"Magistrate's Court (Press, 7 December 1911)","On 7 December 1911, in the local court proceedings presided over by Mr H. W. Bishop, S.M. and other justices, several individuals faced various charges, resulting in a range of penalties. Frederick Armitage, also known as Alexander Augustus, admitted to stealing a lady's bicycle belonging to Zilpah Bartlett, valued at £5. He received a six-month imprisonment sentence and was ordered to undergo three years of reformative detention following his release. George Coppin pleaded guilty to three counts of obtaining liquor while under a prohibition order, and to charges of indecent and obscene language. Declared an habitual inebriate, he was sentenced to two years at Rotoroa. Joseph Ernest Nicholson was remanded until 9 December on four theft charges involving money. William Kemp, represented by Mr Donnelly, initially faced a charge of stealing a diamond ring from a dwelling but pleaded not guilty. The charge was downgraded to a theft conviction, resulting in a fine of 40 shillings, with one month’s imprisonment in default. Tom Selwood, also represented by Mr Donnelly, pleaded not guilty to two charges of indecently assaulting a male. The case was serious enough that he was committed for trial, with one charge being amended to sodomy. In by-law cases, Roy Twyneham and Philip John Smith were each fined 10 shillings for cycling at night without lights. In a separate case in Little River, Grey Skirper, a Māori individual, was prosecuted for illegally taking trout using a net in the Okute stream. After a police search of his boat revealed an additional trout that Skirper failed to account for, he denied the allegations. Subsequently, he was fined £4 and £1 in costs. In Amberley, W. Wilko, represented by Mr Hunter, sought £4 in compensation from S. Burrowes for his dog allegedly smothering two ewes and five lambs. The Magistrate ruled in favour of Wilko, awarding him the full amount claimed along with costs of £2 10s. In Waimate, H. Ernest Watson was fined £2 and costs for providing false information to a county heavy traffic inspector regarding straw loads. G. S. Meredith and Co. admitted guilt on four charges of breaching heavy traffic by-laws and received fines of 10 shillings and costs for each offence. William Quinn did not appear for two similar charges, resulting in him being fined £1 and costs on each count. These proceedings reflect a range of legal issues from theft and alcohol-related offences to animal control disputes and regulatory breaches, showcasing the court's ongoing efforts to uphold the law within the community.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19111207_2_7.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19111207.2.7,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1832585400
7274,12,04,1913,"Personal Items. (Press, 12 April 1913)","On 12 April 1913, various notable movements and events were reported in New Zealand. The Hon. R. Hoaton Rhodes, the Postmaster-General, and his private secretary, Mr W. Crowe, departed for Wellington. Mr W. H. Triggs also left for the same destination, highlighting the busy political landscape. Several arrivals were noted in town, including Mr S. Lawrence, Mr T. E. Woods from London, Mr H. L. Saulwick from New York, Mr A. T. Hawko from Invercargill, Mr James Burko from Sydney, Mr J. C. Fraser from Wellington, Mr J. E. Hardey from Dunedin, and Mr J. A. Murdoch from Kumara. Additionally, Mr Leonard Dorreon, who had spent six years in the United States, returned to Christchurch after his time spent attending a university controlled by the Churches of Christ. He is currently on a short holiday in New Zealand. In other local news, Mr Hugo Friedlander, the Chairman of the Lyttleton Harbour Board, was reported to be ill due to the effects of ptomaine poisoning. Superintendent Warner of the Christchurch Fire Brigade has recently undergone surgery and is expected to be off duty for a week. The report also mentioned the arrival in Wellington of Mrs Charles M. Alexander, the wife of an evangelist. She had been recuperating in Australia following a serious operation in December and is now fully recovered, ready to resume her mission work. In law enforcement updates, Detective Sergeant Hunt is set to transfer to Christchurch after a long and successful twenty-two-year career in the police force, including eight years as a detective. He has handled many significant cases, including the notable Amy Bock case. Finally, Mr M. C. Kenne, the associate editor of the ""Dominion,"" who is about to shift to a similar role at ""The Press,"" was honoured at a farewell dinner hosted by close friends and colleagues, most of whom were journalists. The gathering was presided over by Mr S. Jonkinson, an old friend from college. During the event, only one toast was presented—to Mr Kenne—by the chairman and supported by Mr C. W. Earle, editor of the ""Dominion,"" along with others who acknowledged Mr Kenne's dedication and personal qualities. The chairman also gifted Mr Kenne beautifully bound books as a token of appreciation for his contributions.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19130412_2_59.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19130412.2.59,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1790076600
7414,25,04,1914,"Science From An Easy Chair. (Press, 25 April 1914)","On 25 April 1914, a detailed article explores the concept of courtship presenting parallels between animal behaviours and human relationships. Sin Ray Lankkstep, the author, suggests that observing animals can reveal insights into human behaviours rooted in our animal ancestry. The article highlights that courtship, characterised by the male's pursuit of the female, is not unique to higher animals but can be observed amongst various life forms including plants, insects, and even unicellular organisms. The process of reproduction, often involving the detachment of parts of an organism, is discussed as a method by which many organisms, including plants and certain animals, can create new individuals. Although many can reproduce asexually, there remains significant evolutionary advantage in sexual reproduction—the fusion of male and female cells—leading to increased genetic variation. This is crucial for adaptation and survival in changing environments. Lankkstep describes the phenomenon of conjugation among unicellular organisms, where two similar cells can fuse to create a new individual. This blending of genetic material produces offsprings with traits from both parent organisms, essential for maintaining genetic diversity. Highlighting examples from simple aquatic organisms, Lankkstep explains how these processes set foundational behaviours for courtship seen in higher animals. The article further delves into the distinction between male and female mating cells, with males typically being active and mobile, seeking out females, who are often more passive and nurturing. This sexual dimorphism is reflected not only in unicellular creatures but also in many multicellular organisms, where distinct behaviours during the mating process become apparent. Courtship rituals are illustrated through the behaviours of various animal species, particularly focusing on the more complex and ritualistic displays seen in birds and mammals. These behaviours, while instinctual, also engage a higher level of cognitive processing unique to humans. The author acknowledges the implications of memory and consciousness in humans, contrasting them with the instinctual behaviours observed in animals. While many animal actions appear mechanistic, humans, endowed with greater memory and consciousness, navigate social relationships with a mix of instinct and learned behaviour. The piece concludes by endorsing a book by Mr Pycraft on animal courtship, promising to provide more detailed accounts of courtship behaviours across species, thus encouraging readers to deepen their understanding of these complex interactions both in the animal kingdom and beyond.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19140425_2_47.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19140425.2.47,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1757417400
6547,26,09,1914,"Monologues Of A Colonial Professor. (Press, 26 September 1914)","On 26 September 1914, a notable news story highlighted the contributions of Professor T. G. Tucker, an eminent figure who had left New Zealand for a significant position as a Professor of Classical Philology at the University of Melbourne. The article reflects on Tucker's broad cultural knowledge, teaching prowess, and influential social presence. His eloquence, alongside his ability to engage audiences with stimulating lectures on literature and related topics, marked him as a valuable asset to the Melbourne community. The publication of a collection of his addresses titled ""Platform Monologues"" was well-received. This volume covers an array of themes, including ""The Supreme Literary Gift,"" ""Hebraism or Hellenism,"" and discussions on two of Tennyson's successors, John Davidson and William Watson, as well as essays on ""The Making of a Shakespeare,"" ""Literature and Life,"" and ""The Future of Poetry."" In his essay ""The Supreme Literary Gift,"" Tucker argues that true literary talent is the ability to articulate even the most complex ideas clearly. This thesis is supported by various examples from distinguished writers, and the work is deemed particularly beneficial for students of literature. His exploration of ""Literature and Life"" is similarly insightful, while his discussion on ""The Future of Poetry"" challenges Macaulay's claim that in a rational age, creativity in poetry would dwindle. Tucker passionately asserts that poetry will endure as long as humanity grapples with emotions and life's mysteries, envisioning its continued presence until perfection is achieved in human life and understanding. The article also mentions Tucker's work ""Sappho,"" which offers a thoughtful analysis of the ancient Greek poetess. Here, Tucker cautiously defends Sappho against various historical misrepresentations, suggesting that biases from later periods have unjustly tarnished her reputation. He acknowledges the social moral decline in subsequent Greek and Roman times and criticizes the exaggerated views fostered by comic dramatists of Athens, asserting they have led to misconceptions about Sappho and her peers. Tucker defines Sappho’s poetic quality as characterized by ""supreme art without artificiality,"" highlighting her truthful connection to natural feelings, combined with captivating charm. In summary, the article not only celebrates Professor Tucker's intellectual contributions to literature and education but also emphasises his argument for the enduring vitality of poetry and offers an appreciation of Sappho's role in the literary canon.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19140926_2_42.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19140926.2.42,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1744111800
7275,02,05,1919,"Sydney People Duped (Press, 2 May 1919)","A young woman from Sydney recently gained notoriety for her elaborate deception, posing as a French lady to con several prominent individuals. Released from Long Bay prison on probation, the woman, despite not being conventionally attractive, was described as clever and charming. She fabricated a story in which she claimed to be a French girl engaged to an Australian soldier stationed in France, and pretended to have just arrived in Sydney on the ship Niagara. To further her deceit, she visited a family in Neutral Bay, claiming to have left her luggage with friends and fabricating tales about her noble lineage and her role as a motor ambulance driver in France. To support her narrative, she showcased a medal, purporting it to be the Médaille de Péronne, and captivated her hosts, leading them to host a tea party in her honour. As she mingled with society ladies who attempted to converse in French, she claimed to be more comfortable in English, causing some embarrassment for those around her. The impostor cleverly approached solicitors, claiming her luggage was lost and persuading them to lend her money, assuring them that she was known to the police. The solicitors, believing her story, were led to think she was a genuine client, which added credibility to her fabrications. Upon further deception, she even charmed the brother of a well-known Sydney man, prompting him to spend money on her after hearing her story of a promised engagement. Her downfall began when she was expected to meet a woman freshly returned from France. When this woman conversed in French, the impostor struggled to respond convincingly, leading to suspicions about her identity. After being challenged about her claims regarding the Médaille de Péronne, her story began to unravel. She fled but failed to escape the consequences of her actions. Later, the woman deceived a doctor into believing she was engaged to his brother, but her ruse was eventually discovered. She was subsequently apprehended and returned to prison to serve her sentence. The case has drawn parallels with past New Zealand impostors, reigniting interest in the exploits of individuals who fabricate identities and stories for personal gain.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19190502_2_6.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19190502.2.6,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1599046200
4086,29,05,1920,"C. E. Mackay Sentenced. (Press, 29 May 1920)","On 29 May 1920, Charles Evan Mackay was sentenced to fifteen years of imprisonment for attempted murder at the Supreme Court in Wanganui. Mackay had pleaded guilty to the charge, and his counsel, Mr Treadwell, explained that this decision was made after considerable reflection and responsibility was assumed by him and his colleague, Mr McEeth. Treadwell made it clear that there was no blame to be assigned to another individual, Cresswell, involved in the incident, asserting that Cresswell should be commended for his character and actions. In his address, Treadwell highlighted Mackay's distinguished background, describing him as a person of considerable academic achievement, a member of a respected profession, and a previous holder of a prominent position in the community. This stark contrast between Mackay's prior status and his current predicament was noted as significant. Treadwell suggested that the root cause of Mackay's actions could be attributed to his long-standing struggles with homosexual monomania, which had led to considerable mental strain, particularly exacerbated by the fear of exposure. The court was informed that Mackay had taken steps to seek help from medical professionals and metaphysicians to address his mental health issues. Treadwell portrayed his client as having acted impulsively during a moment of distress, influenced by ongoing mental health difficulties. Justice Sir Robert Stout addressed Mackay directly, expressing sorrow over his situation. He had known Mackay and his family for many years and acknowledged Mackay's past academic brilliance and successful career. However, Justice Stout emphasized the importance of the sanctity of human life, indicating that any attack on life must be taken seriously. He reflected on the community's need to uphold justice to ensure safety and order. Ultimately, Sir Robert Stout expressed hope that Mackay could redeem himself, considering his guilty plea a positive step toward rehabilitation. Nonetheless, he imposed a sentence of fifteen years with hard labour, underscoring the serious nature of the crime and the necessity of justice.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19200529_2_54.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19200529.2.54,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1565091000
7276,17,07,1920,"Italian Woman Poses As A Man. (Press, 17 July 1920)","An unusual case of gender masquerade has emerged in Sydney involving an Italian woman named Eugene Falleni, who has been arrested on a murder charge. This case bears a resemblance to the Bock case in New Zealand from 1908, where Amy Bock, a woman posing as a man, swindled and married a young woman before being apprehended. Eugene Falleni, born in Italy, married a man named Martello before relocating with him and later their daughter to New Zealand. She later left Martello, who is believed to still be in New Zealand, and moved to Sydney with her daughter, both finding employment. Shortly after, Falleni adopted male attire and assumed the name Harry Roach, working as a ""generally useful"" individual. While living in Wahroonga, Falleni met a widow named Annie Birkett, who had a 14-year-old son. Birkett eventually married Falleni, unaware of her true identity. Their life together was shrouded in secrecy, leading to speculation that Birkett was coerced into compliance regarding her husband’s deception. In October 1917, Birkett disappeared under mysterious circumstances, leaving her son confused about her whereabouts. In the same month and year, a charred, decomposed body of a middle-aged woman was found in a bush near a paper mill in Drummoyne-Wahroonga. Despite police investigations, the identity of the body remained a mystery, and an open verdict was returned by the Coroner. The case saw renewed interest when Birkett's son encountered a relative of his mother and recounted the circumstances of her disappearance. This led to an investigation by the police, who pieced together various clues that culminated in Falleni’s arrest in Annandale. She was charged with murder and appeared in court on 11 July 1920. Described as slight and hollow-chested, Falleni's masculine appearance made it difficult for authorities and observers to recognise her as a woman. The inquiry into the mysterious disappearance of Annie Birkett and the subsequent developments in Falleni's case has drawn significant attention, reviving concerns about deception and identity, reminiscent of the notorious Bock case from over a decade earlier in New Zealand.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19200717_2_40.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19200717.2.40,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1560857400
7757,12,06,1925,"Escape Of A Prisoner. (Press, 12 June 1925)","On 11 June 1925, Walter Batterbee, a prisoner serving an eleven-year sentence for sexual offences, escaped from New Plymouth prison. He was part of a work gang assigned near the prison and took advantage of the opportunity to procure tools to make his getaway. As of the report, Batterbee remains at large following his escape.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19250612_2_12.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19250612.2.12,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1406115000
7758,15,01,1926,"General News. (Press, 15 January 1926)","On 15 January 1926, it was reported that the final pile for the Sumner bridge had been driven, with plans for the bridge to open for use in early February. The Railway Department announced extra express train services between Christchurch and Dunedin, scheduled to depart at 9.10 a.m. from Christchurch and 9.5 a.m. from Dunedin on the weekdays of the coming week. Positive feedback was noted regarding the application of the bitumen hot seal method on the Fendalton tramway line, praised by motorists for creating a soft, dust-free road surface as trams passed. This method is also being implemented on the Riccarton road line between the Hospital and West Belt. Statistics revealed that there were 1,074 births registered in urban areas across New Zealand in December, a slight decrease from November's figure of 1,086. Meanwhile, deaths increased to 507 in December, marking a rise of 33 from the prior month, with male deaths numbering 256 and female deaths 251. Among the deceased, 51 were children under the age of five, which constituted 10.06% of the total, with 39 of these being infants under one year. A historical discovery was made in Rotorua Lake, where an old gun was found submerged in shallow water near Mokoia. Although the barrel was significantly rusted, the stock and brass fittings remained intact. The brass shoulder plate bore the date 1842 and other markings, raising curiosity about how long the item had been submerged. In a display of generosity, visitors at a concert at the New Plymouth prison spontaneously threw cigarettes and tobacco to the performing prisoners, despite it being against regulations. The audience hoped that the authorities would permit the prisoners to enjoy these unexpected gifts. Reports indicated that before the previous year, Wellington had few passenger buses operating on a timetable, with significant competition against tramways developing only in the winter months. Currently, the city had thirty-five buses operating on its streets, not including services to various suburbs. Among these, five were designated for long-distance travel, eight were sightseeing buses, and eleven were operated by the Tramways Department. Finally, Armstrongs' Summer Sale was highlighted, claiming to feature significant discounts on new summer stock. The sale was described as unprecedented in scale, with customers encouraged to take advantage of the deep price cuts available at their shops in Victoria Square and High Street.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19260115_2_35.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19260115.2.35,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1387366200
7718,25,02,1929,"Modern Censorship Problems. (Press, 25 February 1929)","On 22 February 1929, Eric Partridge, a prominent figure from Hawke's Bay, New Zealand, who founded the Scholartis Press in Bloomsbury, faced significant controversy following police intervention. The police confiscated copies of a novel titled ""The Sleeveless Errand"" by Norah James under the Obscene Publications Act, highlighting the ongoing challenges around literary censorship. Additionally, the incident raised broader questions about censorship, particularly following the seizure of a manuscript by well-known author D.H. Lawrence. His work, titled ""Pansies,"" was intercepted while being sent from Italy and was also taken under the authority of the Home Office. This incident is expected to provoke a challenge in the House of Commons regarding the actions taken by the Home Secretary, underscoring the mounting debate over literary freedom and censorship in the UK.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19290225_2_92.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19290225.2.92,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1289131200
7611,31,03,1931,"Hair Dresser's Death. (Press, 31 March 1931)","On 30 March 1931, Ronald Jack Gayfer, a 41-year-old hairdresser and tobacconist from Carterton, was found hanged in his shop. According to reports, he had appeared to carry on with his daily routine prior to the incident, even conversing with a friend. After this brief interaction, he closed and locked the shop before taking his own life by hanging himself using a strap over a cross beam. His body was discovered approximately an hour later. Efforts were made to revive him through artificial respiration, but unfortunately, they were unsuccessful. The tragic event has left the community in shock, as it was unexpected given Gayfer's normal demeanour earlier in the day.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19310331_2_27.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19310331.2.27,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1223119800
7759,21,08,1936,"More Offences (Press, 21 August 1936)","The annual report of the Prisons Department released on 21 August 1936 highlighted a concerning trend of increasing sexual offences, contributing to a slight rise in overall offences against the person. In response to this issue, all homosexual offenders have been transferred to a special institution in New Plymouth, under the supervision of Dr. Sydney Allen, a mental health specialist. The General of Prisons, Mr. B.J. Dallaro, praised the efforts of this institution, noting a significant change in the treatment approach for these offenders. Dr. Allen revealed that while the institution does not claim to 'cure' inmates of their sexual abnormalities, its methods have been effective in altering their mentalities. He reported that out of the inmates discharged since the implementation of this regime, only four have re-offended. This suggests that the treatment has helped offenders gain better control over their impulses, allowing them to reintegrate into society without committing further crimes. The treatment protocol begins with a comprehensive psychological examination for each offender upon their arrival at the institution. Dr. Allen emphasised the importance of understanding the individual psychology of the inmates, dedicating considerable time to learn about their personal issues. He highlighted that each inmate was required to report not only for physical assessments but also for any mental challenges they faced. Dr. Allen advocated for a structured environment that provided distraction and engagement for the inmates. All inmates, barring those with physical limitations, were encouraged to partake in organised physical activities under the guidance of a trained instructor who was also an inmate. Furthermore, the institution encouraged any talents for public performance, allowing individuals to pursue interests in singing, recitation, or instrumental music. A band made up of inmates has been active for several years, showcasing the talents developed through this environment. The institution has seen examples of inmates who have excelled in various artistic fields or engaged deeply in academic pursuits. These activities, conducted voluntarily and outside the usual prison routine, are said to have a significant positive impact on the mental health of the inmates, providing them with continuous psychological treatment. This supportive framework aims to prepare inmates for a smoother transition back into society after serving their sentences, fostering a sense of accomplishment and self-control that may reduce the likelihood of re-offending. Overall, the report indicates a progressive shift in the treatment of sexual offenders, focusing on rehabilitation and psychological support rather than mere punishment.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19360821_2_140.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19360821.2.140,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-1052911800
6847,28,01,1939,"Old Otago (Press, 28 January 1939)","In “Early Days in Dunedin,” Robert Gilkison offers a look into the early history of Dunedin, following his previous work, “Early Days in Central Otago.” While the newer book lacks the same coherence in its subject matter and exhibits a somewhat less vigorous writing style, it still provides valuable insights through a collection of articles. Drawing from his recollection and extensive research into historical records and newspapers, Gilkison presents a fascinating account of Dunedin's past. Three articles stand out as particularly noteworthy. The first delves into the life of Provincial Superintendent Macandrew, highlighting his self-sacrifice for the betterment of the burgeoning settlement at the cost of his own wealth and freedom. The second article focuses on the judges of the period, who were notable figures that played a critical role in establishing key judicial traditions in the region. The third and most compelling piece discusses the explorers who ventured into Central and Western Otago, revealing much new information and enriching the narrative of the area’s discovery and development. Gilkinson also covers a range of sensational events in Dunedin's history, including criminal acts by figures such as Captain Jarvey, a murderer from the 1860s, and Amy Bock, a notable transvestite of the time. Stories of wrecks, riots, prison breaks, and fires contribute to a vivid picture of a community that appeared turbulent and adventurous. Despite this, the narrative hints at the many upright citizens who contributed positively to Dunedin’s commercial and ecclesiastical prominence, even if they did not always capture the public's attention or become subjects of scandal. The final chapter shines a light on one of Dunedin's most esteemed figures, Dr. Stuart, presenting him as an embodiment of the noble character of the city's residents. Overall, while ""Early Days in Dunedin"" may not reach the heights of its predecessor, it still serves as an important historical account, offering a blend of intriguing personalities and events that shaped the early days of the city.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19390128_2_119.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19390128.2.119,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-976017600
4087,07,02,1940,"Heavy Criminal Calendar (Press, 7 February 1940)","On 6 February 1940, the Chief Justice of New Zealand, the Rt. Hon. Sir Michael Myers, addressed the Grand Jury at the commencement of the criminal sessions in Auckland. During his speech, he expressed regret at the prevalence of crime in the Auckland district, contrasting it with the expectation of congratulating the community for a decline in criminal activity. Sir Michael highlighted that out of 24 cases slated for the session, involving 26 individuals, a concerning trend was evident: there were 10 sexual offences among them, notably involving girls under the age of 16. Alarmingly, two of the cases involved girls who were under 12 years old. Additionally, there were two cases concerning homosexual offences. He remarked on the seriousness of these offences and the impact they have on the community. Furthermore, he provided context to the issue by referencing the last three months, during which 73 individuals had received sentences from the Court. Out of those, 11 cases were categorized as sexual offences. This addressed the ongoing concern of sexual crimes within the region, underscoring a troubling pattern that the judicial system was grappling with. The Chief Justice's observations served to highlight a significant societal issue, emphasizing the need for community awareness and response to such crimes.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19400207_2_67.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19400207.2.67,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-943617600
4088,16,04,1940,"Instruction By Films (Press, 16 April 1940)","On 16 April 1940, a report detailed the training methods employed by the Royal Air Force (R.A.F.) for pilots engaged in combat against German aircraft. The account highlights the use of combat footage taken during actual aerial engagements for training purposes. This innovative technique allows British pilots to learn from their experiences by analysing films that capture their actions and the outcomes of their confrontations with enemy raiders. During a visit to a Fighter Command Station in Scotland, King George VI was shown films of R.A.F. pilots intercepting and shooting down German aircraft. These films are recorded using a cine-camera that is triggered to operate automatically in conjunction with the aircraft's weaponry, documenting the precise trajectory of the bullets fired. After engaging in combat, the fighter planes are refuelled, re-armed, and their cameras are reloaded. The collected footage is promptly developed, enabling pilots to review their performances and learn from their experiences. The films provide a visual retrospective of the encounters, with on-screen markers indicating the gun-sight's accuracy and the enemy's firing trajectory, allowing pilots to scrutinise their tactics and decision-making. Observations from these films are collated, and patterns of successful and less successful engagements are assessed. Pilots who exhibit deficiencies may undergo targeted instructional courses to address specific issues. Additionally, experts analyse footage to discern details about enemy aircraft, including type, weaponry, speed, and manoeuvrability. The report also notes that while the British pilots engage in tactical evaluations, the Germans are seen as persistently advancing their propaganda and influence under the direction of Joseph Goebbels. The piece touches on the broader implications of propaganda and its role in warfare, citing how it has been employed historically to manipulate public perception and weaken enemy resolve. The narrative illustrates the psychological strategies used by the Nazis to destabilise opposition, as outlined by Adolf Hitler in his ambitions to employ propaganda as a weapon of war. In this context, Hitler's methods for gathering intelligence on prominent individuals, including their vulnerabilities, are examined. This intelligence-gathering aimed to build networks of influence and disarm potential opposition through various means, including blackmail or seduction. The overarching theme underscores a period characterised by intense aerial combat, innovative training techniques, and the intricate interplay of propaganda and warfare, both in the air and in political realms. The significance of these developments in the ongoing conflict is emphasised, demonstrating how both tactical prowess and psychological warfare are key components in the ongoing battle against the German threat.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19400416_2_110.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19400416.2.110,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-937656000
7719,21,10,1947,"British Fascist Organisation (Press, 21 October 1947)","On 18 October 1947, the leader of the British League of Ex-Service-men, Edward Jeffrey Hamm, faced legal action following a controversial meeting in East London. The incident occurred at the East London Jewish centre in Dalston, where supporters of Hamm's league found the platform occupied by the Revolutionary Communist Party. The Communists had arrived early in the morning, sustaining themselves with tea from local residents, and maintained a presence overnight to challenge Hamm's meeting. During Hamm’s speech, which lasted over an hour, he declared himself a British nationalist and a Fascist, prompting significant interruptions from the Communists in attendance. The unrest led to the arrest of a female audience member by the police. Following the uproar, Hamm was brought before a magistrate in North London, who bound him over for 12 months after hearing that Hamm had used insulting language likely to incite a breach of the peace during a prior meeting on 14 September. Hamm, 32 years old, defended himself by claiming that he had previously been detained by British authorities during World War II and sent to South Africa. He denied that the league's purpose was to provoke the Dalston community and asserted that it did not endorse Nazi ideology. Furthermore, he stated that the disturbances stemmed from a group opposing his meetings, who were based in Bayswater. Hamm voiced a belief that Communism was influenced by Jewish interests but firmly denied that racialism was part of his league's agenda. The magistrate determined that Hamm's remarks during a separate speech on 21 September did not constitute an offence, as they did not specifically target Jews. However, he found Hamm's description of the meeting's disruptors as “pale pink palpitating pansies” during his September 14 speech unacceptable, as it crossed the limits of free expression. As Hamm left the court, the crowd expressed mixed reactions of boos and cheers, reflecting the divisive atmosphere surrounding the East London political tensions at the time.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19471021_2_96.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19471021.2.96,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-700574400
4089,26,07,1949,"Inquest Verdict At Auckland (Press, 26 July 1949)","The inquest into the death of Alfred Edgar Edney, a 60-year-old dancing teacher, concluded on 26 July 1949 with the Coroner returning a verdict of suicide by a self-administered overdose of sleeping tablets. Edney's body was discovered on 21 May in a flat next to his studio. Eyewitnesses testified about bloodstains found in his living space, and witnesses indicated he had been injured prior to his death, specifically noting a blackened eye. William Jeffrey-Adams, a close friend of Edney for 14 years, stated he had never seen Edney show romantic interest in women, noting his temperamental and artistic nature. The discovery of a note left by Edney addressed ""For you, Bill,"" accompanied by £200, suggested premeditated intentions; Adams was the only ""Bill"" close to him who did not owe money. The Coroner’s investigation noted that Edney had been in New Zealand since 1914 and had served in the First World War, where he was later pensioned. Senior Detective W. R. Fell highlighted that Edney was associated with male pupils, with 21 stating he had acted inappropriately, which led some to discontinue lessons. However, there was insufficient evidence to confirm a motive for his death. The toxicology report indicated 6.6 grains of nembutal found in Edney's system, and Dr. F. J. Cairman confirmed the cause of death as nembutal poisoning. The circumstances around his death indicated a fatal dose was consumed close in time to an injury incurred from an unknown assailant, but police found no firm evidence linking the assailant to a clear motive or identity. The Coroner suggested Edney's decision not to seek help after his injury and subsequently consuming the sleeping tablets indicated he was aware he was taking a fatal dose, possibly to escape an impending scandal. The presence of unexplained blood and an untraced visitor during his last hours seemed to indicate foul play; yet, it remained uncertain whether this was linked to a potential suicide. Ultimately, the Coroner's conclusion stressed that Edney had indeed opted to terminate his own life, even without any clear evidence of why. Insufficient assistance was sought after the injury, leading to the belief that Edney made a conscious decision to die.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19490726_2_105.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19490726.2.105,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-644932800
7725,27,05,1950,"Academic Freedom (Press, 27 May 1950)","In a letter to the editor published on 27 May 1950, Godfrey Wilson expresses concerns about the implications of police involvement in public meetings, particularly in response to comments made by C. M. Clark and Professor Percival. Wilson critiques Clark for labelling the situation as a “witch-hunt” and “fascism” while accusing Percival of focusing too narrowly on legalities. He urges staff, students, and the public to look beyond these perspectives, highlighting the issue at stake. Wilson points out that the absence of comment from the Minister of Police on a prior complaint indicates that the presence of a senior-detective at the meeting had ulterior motives beyond mere clarification of thoughts on freedom. He stresses that while police may attend public gatherings and students must adhere to laws, policemen out of uniform act as secret agents, which raises concerns about their intentions and the broader implications for society. He likens these covert roles to those seen in authoritarian regimes, suggesting that the presence of such agents signifies a troubling societal condition. Wilson characterises this condition as one of political unconsciousness, warning that uncritical acceptance of state actions could threaten individual freedoms, potentially relegating such freedoms to mere theoretical discussions devoid of real-world application. His letter concludes with a call for vigilance and critical engagement with state authority to preserve genuine freedom.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19500527_2_24_2.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19500527.2.24.2,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-618580800
4090,15,11,1952,"Literary Views And Reviews (Press, 15 November 1952)","The review discusses Thor Heyerdahl's significant works, particularly ""The Kon-Tiki Expedition"" and its follow-up, ""American Indians in the Pacific."" ""The Kon-Tiki Expedition,"" which has sold over 414,000 copies by 1952, details an adventurous journey undertaken by Heyerdahl to test the theory of potential connections between early Polynesia and pre-Columbian Peru. He demonstrated that it was feasible to reach Polynesia by using a balsa raft launched from Peru, stirring considerable interest in the migratory origins of the Polynesians. This initial success led to the creation of ""American Indians in the Pacific,"" which elaborates on migration theories surrounding the peopling of the eastern Pacific islands. Heyerdahl contends that Polynesians have a diverse ancestry, asserting that the Maori-Polynesian strain has origins linked to North-West Indians from British Columbia, tracing back to eastern Asia. He suggests that Polynesians encountered two earlier groups upon their arrival in the Pacific: one indigenous group, likely Melanesian, and another Caucasoid group from Peru. To support his claims, Heyerdahl employs evidence from various disciplines, including physical and cultural anthropology, ethno-botany, and archaeology. He critically examines existing theories that posited an Indonesian origin for Polynesians, ultimately suggesting they are a product of complex migrations that include influences from the North-West Pacific, rather than a straightforward west-to-east journey from Asia. The reviewer highlights that Heyerdahl’s exploration is driven not just by a desire to challenge established viewpoints, but also by a vested interest in validating a hypothesis he has long held. The book is positioned as a monumental contribution to the ongoing debate about Polynesian origins, drawing from a wide range of sources and perspectives. In summary, the reviewed works by Thor Heyerdahl underscore a significant discourse in anthropological studies about the settlements of the Pacific Islands, reflecting both adventure and scholarly inquiry that resonates with a broad audience beyond traditional academic circles. The mounting public interest in these theories has enabled Heyerdahl's works to reach acclaim and provoke thoughtful consideration of our understanding of human migration and cultural exchanges across the oceans.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19521115_2_22.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19521115.2.22,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-540561600
4091,10,01,1953,"Nijinsky’s Last Years (Press, 10 January 1953)","In her biography ""The Last Years of Nijinsky,"" Romola Nijinsky recounts the difficult final years of her husband, Vaslav Nijinsky, the renowned ballet dancer who struggled with mental illness. After the couple wed in September 1913, their lives became entwined with the tumultuous world of ballet and the fallout of Nijinsky's mental health decline, which ultimately led to his battle with schizophrenia. Romola vividly portrays her unwavering devotion and the immense challenges she faced as she attempted to care for Vaslav in the face of societal pressure and the opinions of medical professionals who urged her to institutionalise him. Nijinsky was a celebrated artist until World War I, but after this period, his mental health began deteriorating. Romola describes how, despite warnings from renowned psychiatrist Professor Bleuler, she resolved to care for her husband herself, fully aware of the exceptional effort it required. The book addresses possible causes for Nijinsky's condition, suggesting a hereditary predisposition, noting that his brother also suffered from mental illness. As the couple faced the horrors of World War II, Romola’s narrative touches on their harrowing life in Hungary under Nazi rule. She feared not only for her husband's safety but also for the dire implications of being classified as insane during such a tumultuous time. Despite the constant struggle for survival, Romola clung to hope, believing that after the war, Vaslav would reclaim his status as an artist. At the end of the war, under the new Russian occupation in Hungary, Nijinsky exhibited signs of improvement. Influenced by the cultural connections to his homeland and the validation from Russian soldiers celebrating traditional dances, he began to communicate more openly with Romola. In a poignant reflection, she acknowledges that isolating him from the world exacerbated his illness and expresses regret for not introducing him to his home country sooner when he was in a better state of mind. Eventually, in 1947, the Nijinskys relocated to Britain, finding a semblance of comfort and security among old friends. However, Nijinsky's health continued to decline, and he passed away before Romola could realise her hope of starting a new life in America. Through this biography, Romola Nijinsky shares her intimate experiences, triumphs, and heartbreaks—ultimately illustrating the enduring love and determination that defined her relationship with one of ballet's most exceptional talents. Arnold Haskell's remark, drawing a parallel between Nijinsky and the character Petrouchka, poignantly captures the essence of the tragic yet passionate narrative that Romola unfolds.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19530110_2_20_3.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19530110.2.20.3,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-535723200
4092,14,04,1953,"Memorial To King (Press, 14 April 1953)","On 12 April 1953, a new memorial dedicated to King George VI was unveiled at the Queen’s Chapel of Savoy in London. This presentation was made by the Queen herself and marks a significant addition to the historic chapel located near the Strand. The memorial is designed as a stained glass window, featuring an image of a Bible resting on a cushion, symbolic of the King’s practice of reading scriptural passages daily. The window consists of seven distinct sections, with the depiction of the Bible on the cushion being specifically requested by the Queen. One prominent section of the stained glass represents the King seated on the Throne, crowned with the Crown of State. Accompanying this image are symbolic items like the Sword of State and the Sceptre, which are crossed over the Orb below. Other sections of the window illustrate the Royal arms and other heraldic symbols related to the monarchy. In a separate matter discussed on the same date, it was revealed in Washington that since 1947, a total of 425 employees from the American State Department have been dismissed. The dismissals have been attributed to various issues, including allegations concerning homosexual tendencies. These figures were presented to the House of Representatives Appropriations Committee, bringing attention to the ongoing scrutiny and standards within the State Department's employment practices as articulated by John W. Ford, the Director of the State Department's Office of Security.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19530414_2_75.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19530414.2.75,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-527601600
4093,18,12,1953,"Trial Of Peer (Press, 18 December 1953)","On 16 December 1953, a jury at the Winchester Assizes acquitted 27-year-old Lord Montagu of a serious charge related to a homosexual offence against a 14-year-old boy scout. However, they were unable to reach a verdict on a lesser charge of indecent assault. The trial, overseen by Mr Justice Lynskey, had commenced on 14 December and included a request to keep the names of the minors involved confidential. During their deliberations, the jury spent 40 minutes considering the evidence before requesting to hear from a fourth member of the bathing party associated with the alleged offences. Mr Justice Lynskey denied this request as the individual had not been called to testify by either the prosecution or defence, emphasising that the jury had to base their decision solely on the evidence presented. After deliberating for an additional hour and a half, the jury acquitted Lord Montagu of the more serious charge, indicating a division on the lesser charge with seven jurors in favour of conviction and five opposed. As a result, the judge discharged the jury and decided to postpone further proceedings. The case on the lesser charge is scheduled to be retried at the next Assizes in March 1954, with a new jury set to examine the allegations against Lord Montagu.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19531218_2_94.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19531218.2.94,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-506174400
4094,27,02,1954,"Two Studies In Romanticism (Press, 27 February 1954)","On 27 February 1954, a review was published regarding two significant works on Romantic poetry, highlighting their contributions and drawbacks in the field of literary analysis. The first book, authored by Mr Humphrey House, focuses on the renowned poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge. House aims to dissect the intricacies of Coleridge’s character and thought processes while offering an extensive analysis of his major poems, particularly exploring the poet's doctrine of imagination. The review acknowledges House's brilliance in depicting Coleridge's agile and perceptive mind, noting that his insights mimic the poet's own reflective processes. House's examination of Coleridge's style and his relationship with late eighteenth-century poetry, specifically his connections to Cowper, is praised for its depth and clarity. However, the reviewer expresses some reservations about House's interpretations of ""The Ancient Mariner"" and ""Kubla Khan,"" suggesting that they may be overly influenced by other literary critiques. Still, the review commends House for his insights regarding ""Christabel"" and the ""Rejection Ode,"" for which he provides a complete version as an appendix. The reviewer concludes that a more comprehensive understanding of Coleridge's work awaits the eventual publication of the Coleridge notebooks, which have plagued scholars with their slow editing process. The second book reviewed is by Sir Herbert Read, which is divided into two parts. In the first half, Read elaborates on his well-known idea of ""organic form"" in poetry, asserting that this concept was a significant discovery by the Romantics. However, the reviewer finds Read's argument increasingly problematic, with the term ""form"" becoming vague and lacking precise definition. The review appreciates Read's observations about rhythm and diction when he departs from his broader thesis, suggesting that these moments produce more valuable insights. In the second part of Read's book, which includes reprinted essays, the review points out that these writings, except for a perceptive essay on Byron, offer little value. Read attempts to align Coleridge's criticism with existentialist thought, but the reviewer criticises this approach, particularly his attempt to connect Wordsworth with Kierkegaard's philosophy through a visionary experience. The reviewer suggests that while the essence of mystery and intuition is present in Wordsworth's work, linking him with existentialism is an overreach. Finally, the essay “In Defence of Shelley,” which argues Shelley’s supposed repressed homosexuality, is described as flawed. The reviewer feels that while Shelley’s contribution as a great poet deserves defending in times of criticism, the arguments presented by Read are insufficient and misguided. The review underscores the need for more founded defence of Shelley’s legacy, indicating that the contemporary analysis should move beyond Read’s approaches. Overall, the review presents a critical perspective on these works, acknowledging their intellectual efforts while also calling attention to their inadequacies in appraisal and scholarship.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19540227_2_13_3.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19540227.2.13.3,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-500040000
4095,26,03,1954,"Peer Sent To Prison (Press, 26 March 1954)","On 24 March 1954, an all-male jury at the Hampshire Assizes convicted three men of homosexual offences involving two Royal Air Force servicemen. The jury’s verdict followed an eight-day hearing, culminating in the sentencing of the defendants. Among those found guilty was 27-year-old Lord Montagu, who received a 12-month prison sentence. Michael Pitt-Rivers, aged 37 and a second cousin to Lord Montagu, along with 30-year-old Peter Wildeblood, a journalist from London, were each sentenced to 18 months in jail, reflecting the more severe nature of their charges. This case marked a significant moment in British legal history as it was the first instance in which a British peer had been convicted in a criminal court since the repeal of the right for peers to be tried by their fellow peers in the House of Lords. Mr Justice Ormerod, during sentencing, highlighted the gravity of the offences, stating it was ""quite impossible for these offences to be passed over,"" while also noting that he was imposing the most lenient sentences he could. The jury deliberated for four and a half hours before reaching their verdict. The case drew considerable public interest due to its implications for the legal treatment of homosexuality in Britain during this period.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19540326_2_108.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19540326.2.108,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-497707200
4096,25,08,1954,"Murder Charge (Press, 25 August 1954)","On 25 August 1954, the trial of Pauline Yvonne Parker, 16, and Juliet Marion Hulme, 15, continued as they faced charges for the murder of Honora Mary Parker, Pauline’s mother, which occurred on June 22, 1954, in Christchurch. The defence introduced an insanity plea, claiming the girls were mentally ill rather than ""dirty-minded little girls,"" as described by the prosecution. Defence attorney Mr. T. A. Gresson asserted their homosexuality was a symptom of their mental illness. The trial, presided over by Mr. Justice Adams, heard from multiple witnesses including Mrs Hilda Marion Hulme, Juliet’s mother. She provided insight into the girls' friendship, noting that Juliet displayed critical traits and mood swings, and appeared more withdrawn following the family’s return from overseas in August. Evidence presented by the prosecution described the details surrounding the murder, including the method used—a half brick wrapped in a stocking. Witness accounts recounted the events leading to the fatality, including attempts to portray the incident as an accident. Both girls initially claimed that Honora had fallen and suffered grave injuries as a result. Parker later confessed to the police about her intentions to kill her mother, stating it was premeditated but that she had hoped to frighten her mother into acquiescence regarding their relationship. Juliet's subsequent statements corroborated Pauline's account, though they both later claimed they were under duress and mentally disturbed during the events. During the trial, psychiatrist Dr. Reginald Medlicott provided expert testimony, suggesting that the girls were suffering from a mental disorder classified as ""folie à deux,"" a shared psychosis between two individuals. He described their behaviours during interviews as erratic and their mental states as unstable, marked by a significant detachment from reality. The doctor noted their obsession with violence and dramatic themes in their writings, which raised concerns about their mental health. Testimonies from various other witnesses highlighted the nature of the girls’ friendship, their shared writings filled with violent narratives, and their tumultuous relationships with their families. The jury now faced the significant challenge of evaluating the sanity of Parker and Hulme against their admissions of guilt and the intricate details of the case, which combined elements of mental illness, adolescence, and the tragic outcomes of their close relationship. The decision about their culpability would ultimately hinge on the interpretation of their mental states at the time of the murder.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19540825_2_117.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19540825.2.117,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-484574400
4097,26,08,1954,"Murder Charge (Press, 26 August 1954)","The trial of Pauline Yvonne Parker, aged 16, and Juliet Marion Hulme, aged 15, on charges of murdering Honora Mary Parker, the mother of Pauline, resumed with the cross-examination of the defence's first witness, Dr. R. W. Medlicott. Dr. Medlicott had spent over seven hours in the witness box, discussing the mental condition of the accused girls, with some of his testimony focusing on their diaries, which illustrated their unusual thought patterns and relationships. The trial, now in its third day, has drawn significant public interest, with many spectators eager to catch a glimpse of the accused. Dr. Medlicott reflected on entries from Parker's diary, which revealed hints of a delusional belief in their own intellectual superiority and a ""fourth world."" He described the girls as displaying signs of paranoia, suggesting they were living within a delusional framework. He noted that they expressed beliefs inconsistent with reality, such as feeling they possessed an additional part of the brain that allowed them to perceive a spiritual paradise. Dr. Medlicott highlighted a disturbing pattern in the diaries, where the tone shifted from ordinary adolescent themes to more violent and dark content, particularly in the lead-up to the murder. He described how entries showed signs of extreme excitement, a disregard for societal norms, and an increasing obsession with the notion of killing Parker. He concluded that by June 1954, both girls were grossly insane, unable to appreciate the moral implications of their actions. The prosecution, represented by Mr. A. W. Brown, challenged Dr. Medlicott's conclusions, questioning the medical basis of his claims of insanity and whether the girls truly lacked an understanding of their actions. Dr. Medlicott maintained that the girls' mental state at the time of the crime indicated systemic delusional insanity, arguing that although they might have understood the legal implications of murder, they did not grasp its moral weight. The trial's proceedings underscored their complex emotional dynamics, showcasing a friendship that appeared to foster an environment conducive to shared delusions and a sense of invulnerability. As the trial continues, the court examines the balance between the girls' mental state and their criminal responsibility, with Dr. Medlicott’s extensive testimony poised to play a crucial role in determining the outcome of the case.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19540826_2_120.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19540826.2.120,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-484488000
4098,27,08,1954,"Murder Charge (Press, 27 August 1954)","The trial of Pauline Parker, 16, and Juliet Hulme, nearly 16, accused of murdering Parker's mother, Honora Mary Parker, on June 22, 1954, continued with a five-day hearing at the Supreme Court. The defence introduced expert testimony from several psychiatrists who posited that the girls were suffering from a shared condition known as ""folie à deux"" or mutual insanity. The defence's first witness, Dr. R.W. Medlicott, was subjected to extensive cross-examination by Crown Prosecutor Mr. A.W. Brown, which lasted for hours. Public interest in the trial grew significantly, as evidenced by a full court with many eager attendees trying to secure seats to witness the hearings. Dr. Medlicott described the girls' diaries, noting that they contained fictional characters used by the girls to express their thoughts and feelings. When pressed about the interpretation of certain entries, he acknowledged that while the girls used film stars' names as characters, their representations might have included romantic and possibly sexual undertones. As the testimony progressed, Dr. F.O. Bennett was called to support the defence's claim of insanity. He corroborated Dr. Medlicott's observations, stating that both girls demonstrated delusions of grandeur and felt superior to others. In his view, their relationship had morphed into a severe mental illness over time, which included elements of paranoia and a warped sense of morality leading to their violent act. Bennett discussed the girls' diaries, which revealed a growing separation from reality and a deepening delusional state. The evidence presented painted a troubling picture: the girls had isolated themselves from societal values, ultimately leading them to justify their plan to kill Parker's mother under the belief that it would free both them and her from an unhappy existence. Despite their defence arguing that the girls were insane and did not truly understand the nature or the wrongness of their acts, the numerous references to their calculated planning and lack of remorse following the murder suggested otherwise. These two young girls had meticulously detailed their intentions in their diaries, which were injected with themes of violence and a belief that they were acting within a justified framework. The complexities of their mental state and the implications of their written words became crucial elements for the jury to consider in their final deliberation on the matter of sanity at the time of the crime. Dr. Bennett concluded that although they were aware of the legal implications of their actions, they were driven by their loyalty to their delusions, which essentially nullified the moral judgments that typically guide sane individuals. The trial continued as the court sought to untangle the intricate web of motivations and mental states that led to this tragic event.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19540827_2_117.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19540827.2.117,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-484401600
4099,28,08,1954,"Crown Evidence In Rebuttal (Press, 28 August 1954)","In a significant trial reported on 28 August 1954, the case centred on the sanity of two accused individuals, Parker and Hulme, in connection with the murder of Mrs Parker. Mr Brown, representing the defence, argued insanity as their only defence; however, the Crown called upon evidence from three psychiatrists to challenge this assertion. Dr Kenneth Robert Stallworthy, a senior medical adviser from the Avondale Mental Hospital in Auckland, testified about his extensive experience with patients in mental institutions. He noted that across his years of practice, he had never encountered two insane individuals collaborating to commit a crime. He detailed the standard psychiatric procedures in cases of murder, emphasising the responsibility to assess whether the accused understood the nature and quality of their actions, and whether they recognised these actions as wrong both legally and morally. In his examination of Parker and Hulme, Dr Stallworthy concluded that neither exhibited any illness of the mind at the time of the murder. He referenced Parker's diaries, indicating premeditation and an understanding of the potential consequences of their actions, which illustrated their awareness that they were breaking the law. Both young women acknowledged their understanding of right and wrong during interviews, further suggesting they were in a sound mental state. Dr Stallworthy asserted that the conceptualisation of their potential insanity appeared to be a strategy to evade punishment. Dr James Edwin Saville, another psychiatrist, corroborated Dr Stallworthy’s findings after interviewing the accused several times. He indicated that during their initial meetings, the girls attempted to portray themselves as insane, yet by the end of their consultations, they expressed a preference for being deemed sane, aware of the substantially less favourable outcome of a mental institution versus a prison sentence. Dr James Dewar Hunter also echoed the previous testimonies, affirming that he did not see any indication of mental illness in the accused. He noted the general rarity of two individuals conspiring in a crime while insane, further substantiating the psychiatrist's consensus that both Parker and Hulme were functioning normally and able to appreciate the moral and legal implications of their actions. The trial attracted substantial media attention in the UK, with many British newspapers extensively covering the proceedings, reflecting a keen public interest in the case. This highlights the case’s high profile and the implications of the verdict, particularly surrounding youth, sanity, and crime. As the evidence concluded, the judge suggested that the jury could either continue that day or adjourn until the morning, leaving the courtroom in anticipation of a deliberation that could potentially shape perceptions of mental health in legal contexts significantly. The trial would remain a focal point in discussions about crime, sanity, and justice in New Zealand.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19540828_2_109.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19540828.2.109,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-484315200
4100,30,08,1954,"Counsel For Parker (Press, 30 August 1954)","The trial concerning two young girls, Juliet Hulme and Pauline Parker, is reaching its conclusion as defence counsel, Dr. Haslam, addresses the jury. He urges them to focus on the evidence presented and to set aside any personal feelings they may have developed regarding the case. Dr. Haslam acknowledges the distressing nature of the evidence but insists it is critical for assessing the mental state of the accused at the time of the killing, which they do not dispute. The defence’s strategy hinges on demonstrating that the girls were insane at the time of the crime, thereby absolving them of legal responsibility. Dr. Haslam asks the jury to carefully evaluate the medical evidence from both sides rather than simply counting the number of expert witnesses. He outlines the girls’ troubled backgrounds, their intense friendship that began in school in 1952, and their subsequent mental deterioration, as documented in Parker’s diaries. The duo's relationship, initially perceived as friendship, soon evolved into a morbidly intense bond, wherein they engaged in fantastical schemes and elaborate fantasies, often leading to irrational behaviours. Their daily lives became consumed by a shared delusion of grandeur, culminating in an extreme emotional response which they perceived as a threat to their closeness. Dr. Haslam recounts past events that heighten the tension between the girls and Mrs. Parker, whom they believed jeopardised their relationship. The girls’ escalating delusions were noted by various doctors called in during the trial. Dr. Bennett and Dr. Medlicott provided testimonies identifying the girls' psychological states, describing them as suffering from paranoid delusions and an inability to distinguish right from wrong. Their claims of a divine calling to act against Mrs. Parker were cited as evidence of their disturbed mental conditions. Dr. Haslam emphasises the difficulty of identifying delusional insanity, asserting that the outward manifestations of the girls’ mental struggle were misleading. He refers to the defence doctors’ assertions that the girls were essentially detached from reality, acting upon distorted perceptions rather than clear moral reasoning. In conclusion, Dr. Haslam implores the jury to consider the evidence impartially and to determine whether the girls genuinely comprehended the nature of their actions amid their delusions. He submits that the girls did not possess the awareness that their actions were wrong due to their impaired judgment. He requests the jury to return a verdict of not guilty on the grounds of insanity, thereby committing the case to their ""merciful keeping."" The dramatic presentation seeks to shed light on the complexities of a case intertwined with youth, psychological distress, and the often blurry line between sanity and insanity.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19540830_2_127.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19540830.2.127,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-484142400
4101,22,09,1954,"Co-educational Schools (Press, 22 September 1954)","On 21 September 1954, a report from a committee investigating moral delinquency among juveniles was released, highlighting various opinions regarding post-primary co-education. The committee noted a lack of systematic communication between homes and schools concerning juvenile issues, as the headmasters, traditionally responsible for this connection, have found their roles increasingly constrained due to larger school sizes and complexities. The report pointed out particular concerns from post-primary principals about the behavioural problems arising in students who are compelled to remain in school until the age of 15. This age group has been identified as having a notable incidence of juvenile delinquency, prompting the committee to suggest that assistance ought to be provided to post-primary schools. However, it refrained from making specific recommendations on how to implement such support. It did advocate for strengthening bonds between teachers, parents, and children, suggesting measures such as stabilising the teaching workforce, providing housing for teachers in developing areas, and increasing female teacher representation. The committee investigated claims that co-educational settings might lead to immoral behaviour. While some testimonies suggested that such environments could heighten the risk of immorality, the committee concluded that no direct correlation could be established between school associations and instances of immoral acts. One example cited involved a girl who allegedly incited multiple boys to engage in sexual misconduct after school; however, investigations revealed that these individuals were already acquainted through their neighbourhoods and had a history of indecency prior to their schooling. The report also mentioned concerns about senior pupils at intermediate schools engaging in both heterosexual and homosexual depravity. While the committee acknowledged that some of these issues may have originated from connections formed at school, they found that the instigators typically had prior histories of immoral behaviour or were from home environments that fostered delinquent tendencies. In summary, the committee’s report delved into the complex factors contributing to juvenile delinquency, emphasising the need for collaboration between educators and families while dispelling the notion that co-education itself was a primary cause of immorality among students.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19540922_2_117_5.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19540922.2.117.5,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-482155200
7760,01,10,1954,"Prisoner’s Death (Press, 1 October 1954)","Kenneth Bradshaw McKeagg, a 29-year-old inmate at New Plymouth Prison, died from complications related to a suicide attempt. The District Coroner, Mr N. F. Little, established that McKeagg passed away from cerebral venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and bronchial pneumonia after his attempt to hang himself on July 12, 1954. He was serving a four-year sentence at the time of his death. Prior to the hanging attempt, McKeagg had also tried to take his life by cutting his wrist on the same day. His struggles with mental health appear to have been exacerbated after a brief escape from prison on July 2, 1954, from which he was recaptured that same day. Following his recapture, he received an additional three months of imprisonment. McKeagg remained in the New Plymouth Public Hospital for a week before he succumbed to his injuries.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19541001_2_163.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19541001.2.163,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-481377600
7761,09,11,1954,"Male Detention Centres (Press, 9 November 1954)","In a significant shift in correctional strategy, the New Plymouth prison is set to be converted into a detention centre in early 1955, specifically targeting young males aged 17 to 22. This reform aims to apply a method of incarceration that emphasises hard work, strict discipline, and a regimen of physical activity, following a model already being implemented in England. The Justice Department has outlined that the detention centre will serve as an alternative to Borstal imprisonment, redirecting young offenders whom authorities believe could benefit from this structured environment. The detainment period is expected to last between three to four months, focusing on instilling discipline and responsibility through a rigorous work ethic. Inmates will be engaged in productive work that is both solid and instructional, ensuring that their time is not wasted. The centre is anticipated to accommodate approximately 65 inmates, although the day-to-day population is likely to average around 45. As preparations for this transition are underway, the Justice Department has announced a recruitment process for the role of superintendent, with specific guidelines indicating that the centre will adopt a regime centred around hard work and discipline. This initiative highlights a proactive approach to youth rehabilitation, aiming to provide a sharp corrective experience for young men who are deemed responsive to this form of intervention.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19541109_2_68.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19541109.2.68,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-478008000
4102,06,08,1955,"A Historical Study Of Homosexuality (Press, 6 August 1955)","The book ""Homosexuality and the Western Christian Tradition"" by Dr. Derrick Sherwin Bailey, published in 1955, offers a scholarly exploration of attitudes towards homosexuality within the context of Western Christianity. Dr. Bailey, associated with the Church of England Moral Welfare Council, combines his extensive knowledge with an enlightened perspective, presenting a thorough and tolerant investigation into the historical factors that have shaped contemporary laws and societal opinions regarding homosexuality. Dr. Bailey draws upon his experiences as a member of a group consisting of Anglican clergymen and doctors that studied the complexities of homosexuality, culminating in a report named ""The Problem of Homosexuality."" Notably, he confines his analysis to Western traditions, consciously setting aside the insights offered by modern anthropologists concerning other cultures and the historical instances of homosexuality in Ancient Greece, which he deems irrelevant to the current debates. His examination encompasses biblical interpretations and ecclesiastical viewpoints alongside contributions from Roman law and medieval thinking. Importantly, Bailey approaches the subject without moral judgement, focusing purely on historical context. In the introductory section, he provides his balanced perspective on the issues at hand, whilst his conclusions advocate for a reassessment of the severe legal stance on homosexuality. He posits that public attitudes are predominantly shaped by ignorance and prejudice. Moreover, Dr. Bailey highlights that the Church should not bear sole responsibility for the societal and legal injustices faced by homosexual individuals. He argues that the Church, contrary to common belief perpetuated by modern rationalist writers like Havelock Ellis and Westermarck, has at times offered protection to homosexuals from the penalties imposed by secular authorities. By suggesting that the Church held significant spiritual influence, Bailey indicates that it acted to shield individuals from harsher legal repercussions. Overall, this thorough and responsible study aims to illuminate the complexities surrounding the treatment of homosexuals, advancing a call for greater understanding and acceptance. Dr. Bailey's findings challenge prevailing narratives and provide a more nuanced understanding of the interaction between the Church and societal attitudes towards homosexuality. His work is deemed valuable for those seeking a deeper comprehension of the historical underpinnings of current issues related to homosexuality in a Christian context.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19550806_2_33.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19550806.2.33,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-454680000
4103,03,10,1955,"Magistrates’ Views On Homosexuality (Press, 3 October 1955)","On 1 October 1955, the council of the Magistrates' Association in the United Kingdom voted to recommend that homosexual conduct in private between adults aged 30 years or older should no longer be regarded as a criminal offence. With a narrow margin of 41 votes in favour and 33 against, the decision was presented in the association's annual report. While the council acknowledged that homosexual practices were deemed undesirable and potentially harmful both for the individual and society as a whole, they argued that changing the law would help reduce the risks of blackmail that often occurred due to existing legal penalties for homosexuality. The council's stance was based on the view that legislation against such conduct disproportionately exposed individuals to exploitation by opportunistic blackmailers. The recommendation specified that tolerance for homosexual conduct should be limited to consenting adults who are at least 30 years old. The council justified this age limit by suggesting that individuals younger than this, particularly those aged 21 or 25, may still lack emotional maturity and could be vulnerable to corruption. This position reflects broader societal attitudes towards homosexuality during that period, indicating a cautious approach to reforming laws while still expressing disapproval of homosexual behaviour. Overall, this recommendation signifies a significant step towards re-evaluating the legal treatment of homosexual acts in the UK during the 1950s, pointing towards the gradual shift in attitudes that would evolve in subsequent years.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19551003_2_132.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19551003.2.132,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-449668800
4104,22,11,1955,"Teddy Boys (Press, 22 November 1955)","On 22 November 1955, a series of letters to the editor from readers highlighted various social issues and cultural sentiments regarding the youth movements of the time, particularly focusing on the ""Teddy Boy"" subculture. R. M. Thomson's letter critiques the notion that military uniforms and commissions confer respect or authority. He reminisces about the strict training methods from the early 20th century, suggesting that Auckland's current military trainees could benefit from the discipline of seasoned sergeants who previously managed young volunteers and conscripts. He cites past measures, such as pack drill and punishments at military training facilities, as essential for instilling proper conduct and discipline. In contrast, a correspondent identifying as ""Teddy Boy"" reflects on psychological concepts introduced by Adler, arguing that power-lust influences human behaviour and manifests as eccentricity or individuality. He observes that society often persecutes those who deviate from mainstream norms in fashion, behaviour, or beliefs. He raises the idea that changes in male fashion should be similarly accepted as those in female attire, asserting that not all expressions of individuality, including those associated with the Teddy Boy culture, are negative. The letter highlights the diversity of human expression, contending that being ""different"" is an intrinsic part of society. Another letter, signed by ""No More War Preparations,"" provides a scathing view of militarism. The writer argues that the fear and animosity directed at Teddy Boys stem from a militarised and narrow-minded perspective that resists individual freedom. The author connects Teddy Boy identity with a broader protest against conformity and the imposition of rigid societal expectations. He criticizes the romanticised idea of military defence, especially given the realities of modern warfare and the dangers of smaller nations trying to assert themselves militarily. The letter concludes with a denouncement of glorifying armed forces and their past roles in society, suggesting that compulsory military training forces young people into a destructive mindset. The letters together encapsulate a period of social transition and discussion, reflecting on the tensions between individuality and authority, the changing perceptions of masculinity and dress, and critical perspectives on militarisation in New Zealand society. They evoke the broader cultural shifts occurring in the post-war era, as young people sought to define their identities in opposition to established norms.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19551122_2_175_6.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19551122.2.175.6,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-445348800
4105,19,12,1955,"Homosexuals In Britain (Press, 19 December 1955)","On 19 December 1955, a report from the British Medical Association (B.M.A.) sparked controversy by alleging that some Members of Parliament (M.P.s) are involved in homosexual practices. The report, compiled by a panel of 12 distinguished doctors, psychiatrists, and criminologists, addressed issues surrounding homosexuality and prostitution, revealing a significant increase in reported homosexual offences since 1940, rising to over 6,000 cases annually. The report acknowledged this number likely represented only a small fraction of actual occurrences. The B.M.A. characterised the visible behaviour of homosexuals in public spaces—such as pubs, streets, and restaurants—as an affront to public decency. It further identified the presence of practising homosexuals in various sectors, including the Church, Parliament, civil services, media, and the entertainment industry, as a notable issue. While the report recognised that certain individuals might be inherently effeminate, it suggested that most homosexual behaviour is acquired rather than innate. It also noted that many homosexuals exhibit positive social traits and often suppress their desires. In addressing the issue of youth safety, the report advocated for stricter selection processes for positions involving children, such as school teachers and scout leaders, who might exploit their roles to influence boys negatively. It opposed the practice of incarcerating convicted homosexuals in conventional prisons, praising the potential for them to corrupt fellow inmates. Instead, the B.M.A. proposed the establishment of dedicated treatment centres overseen by teams of doctors and religious workers, aimed at rehabilitating homosexual offenders. Despite acknowledging that current treatments are largely ineffective due to many homosexuals not wishing to change, the report called for further research into more effective treatment options. Concerning prostitution, the B.M.A. recommended robust measures against street prostitution, including increased financial penalties for soliciting and the introduction of reform schools for young girls involved in vice. The overall tone of the report suggests a desire to promote public morality and safeguard societal structure, reflecting the prevailing attitudes of the time regarding homosexuality and prostitution.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19551219_2_185.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19551219.2.185,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-443016000
7415,03,02,1956,"Natural Pollination Brings Good Fruiting (Press, 3 February 1956)","On 3 February 1956, a gardening column by T.D. Lennie discusses various aspects of fruit and flower gardening, alongside vegetable cultivation. It addresses the common issue of irregular fruit production in trees, particularly the greengage plum. Lennie explains that while many plums are bisexual and self-fertile, the greengage requires cross-pollination, which necessitates planting a companion English plum variety. He notes that the absence of such companions results in a poor fruit yield. The piece highlights the significance of proper orchard management, mentioning that fruit drop can indicate previous spraying deficiencies, particularly with arsenate of lead, which is essential to eliminate pests. It advocates for light summer pruning of fruit trees to improve air circulation and light penetration. Specifically, it suggests removing aged blackcurrant branches affected by stem borer and advises thinning gooseberries and currants. The text also mentions the need to mitigate pests and diseases on vines and other fruit by using appropriate sprays. In the flower garden section, Lennie recommends maintaining tidy borders by removing spent flowers and replacing entire plants when necessary. He describes late summer as a peak for annuals and perennials and underscores the importance of careful planning throughout the year to ensure continuous blooming. To enhance displays, he suggests planting new annuals such as asters and stock. Dahlias are noted for their vibrant blooms, and Lennie suggests disbudding to encourage more flowering. For carnation propagation, layering is recommended to sustain healthy plants. He highlights the value of perennial phlox and helenium for borders and cutting, suggesting they should be used more frequently. The proper conditions for hydrangeas are also explained, with attention to soil composition affecting flower colour. The article touches on lawn care during the dry season, advising topdressing with manure and occasional watering to help grass cope with these conditions. In the vegetable garden, Lennie stresses the importance of securing sweet corn and preparing for winter vegetables such as celery and leeks. He also warns of white butterfly infestations, recommending the use of Derris dust as a preventative measure. For immediate sowing, he lists seeds for lettuce, cabbage, and root vegetables. He encourages mulching with lawn clippings to maintain soil temperature and moisture. Additionally, Lennie advises controlling asparagus growth to protect neighbouring plants and suggests regular watering and feeding to prolong rhubarb production. He concludes with practical tips for caring for tomato plants, including removing excess foliage to promote fruit ripening as cooler nights set in. This comprehensive guide addresses the essential practices for successful gardening in the February climate.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19560203_2_53.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19560203.2.53,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-439041600
7762,26,03,1956,"General News (Press, 26 March 1956)","On 26 March 1956, several notable events and announcements were reported. The Municipal Electricity Department announced power cuts affecting different areas throughout the city. Consumers in areas E and F would experience a morning outage lasting from 8 a.m. to 9:30 a.m., while areas A and B would face cuts in the evening from 6 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. The following day, morning cuts were scheduled for areas C and D, and evening cuts for areas E and F. In a lighter piece, three partners from a Christchurch law firm, Messrs A.W. Brown, J. McKenzie, and P.T. Mahon, won just over £500 from an overseas lottery despite their horse, Martinique, not placing in a race. The trio had initially spent approximately £10 on tickets. In local government news, the Local Government Loans Board approved a loan of £450,000 for the North Canterbury Hospital Board, part of a larger total loan of £1,260,000. Additionally, a loan of £100,000 was granted to the Christchurch Drainage Board, along with a £50,000 loan for the Kaiapoi Borough Council's sewerage projects. The Dominion Association for the Blind resolved to advocate for the removal of means testing for blind pensioners. During their annual meeting in Wellington, members expressed frustration over the lack of action from the Blind Institute in pushing for legislative changes. A safety incident occurred at a level crossing near Huntly where an express train collided with a loaded coal trailer. Fortunately, the driver was unharmed, but the accident caused significant damage to the train and delayed its arrival in Auckland by 30 minutes. In prison reform discussions, the New Plymouth Prison is under consideration to become either a Borstal centre for young offenders or a detention centre for those aged 18 to 21. A final decision will be made later in June. Trade relations were highlighted in a report from Dr. Hans J. Dietrich, revealing that New Zealand's exports to Germany in 1955 totalled £12 million, twice the value of imports from Germany, which were worth £6 million. Main exports included agricultural products, while machinery and textiles formed the bulk of imports. The Bluff Harbour Board received the go-ahead for a £3,500,000 harbour development scheme, which is expected to enhance trade opportunities in the region. Board chairman Mr. E.N. Adams received applause for this ambitious project from local leaders. Concerns regarding staphylococcal infections, colloquially referred to as “H-bug,” were raised by medical superintendents across New Zealand, who emphasised that these infections are not confined to hospitals, as the term suggests. Lastly, a whimsical story featured Polly, a six-year-old Black Orpington hen at the Houhora Hotel, known for her pickpocketing antics, as she would often peck at guests' pockets for grain. This unusual talent has made her a local attraction. In trade news, the Board of Trade cancelled two public inquiries related to import duties for carpet sweepers and floor polishers, as well as switchboards and fuses, which were scheduled for April. An upcoming art exhibition in Christchurch will showcase a collection of Australian paintings representing a century of art, featuring several iconic artists, promising to enrich the local cultural landscape.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19560326_2_103.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19560326.2.103,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-434548800
4106,26,05,1956,"Changed Laws For Sex Offenders Urged (Press, 26 May 1956)","On 25 May 1956, the Church of England Moral Welfare Council released a significant report advocating for changes in laws surrounding homosexuality and prostitution. The 120-page booklet titled “Sexual Offenders and Social Punishment,” compiled by Dr. Derrick Sherwin Bailey, urges for the repeal of existing legislation that criminalises private homosexual activities among consenting adult males. It proposes instead to create laws that would penalise homosexual acts involving minors, acts constituting public nuisance, or those involving assault, violence, fraud, or coercion, while also recommending an increase in the age of consent from 16 to 17. In his introduction, Dr. Bailey highlighted that harsher punishments would not serve justice and pointed to the widespread devaluation and commercialisation of sex as a major barrier to educating the public on sexual matters. The report notes a discrepancy in the treatment of male and female homosexuals under the law, highlighting that while males are heavily penalised, women often face little to no repercussions for soliciting. It criticises current practices that allow police to charge women without evidence from male complainants, leading to a process described as ""perfunctory to a farcical degree."" The report's publication coincides with similar discussions within the Church of Scotland, which released a report surveying the sexual attitudes of young Scots. Among a group of 392 participants, it was found that one in four believed there was nothing wrong with sexual relations between engaged couples. This report, set to be reviewed by the church's general assembly, raised questions regarding the influence of media portrayals of female attractiveness on sexual behaviour. The Church of Scotland's commission gathered responses from 238 young men and 154 young women, revealing that a significant majority perceived premarital and extramarital sexual relationships as common, with 68 percent of men and 55 percent of women affirming this view. The coordinated timing of these reports indicates a growing discourse on sexual morality and legislation in Britain during this period, reflecting changing societal attitudes towards homosexuality and sexual relationships overall.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19560526_2_95.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19560526.2.95,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-429278400
4107,07,01,1957,"Sex Mania In America (Press, 7 January 1957)","In a recent commentary, Professor Pitirim Sorokin, a prominent human behaviour expert at Harvard University, expressed grave concerns about what he calls a ""sex mania"" affecting American society. In his book, ""The American Sex Revolution,"" he argues that the nation is veering towards sex anarchy, drawing parallels to the moral decline that contributed to the fall of historical societies such as Rome and Greece. He believes that a ""rising tide of sex"" is infiltrating various aspects of American culture and social life, impacting everything from media to politics. Professor Sorokin identifies several indicators of this societal issue, including the increasing divorce rate and the upsurge in sex-related crimes. He condemns the prominent role that sexual themes play in television, radio, stage productions, films, popular music, literature, and advertising. He suggests that this ""sex obsession"" is also influencing political life, with the prevalence of ""sex bribery and sex blackmail"" now rivaling that of monetary corruption. The professor highlights a troubling trend where individuals with questionable sexual reputations are being appointed to significant political positions, including ambassadorships and other high offices. According to Sorokin, there is a substantial number of profligates—both heterosexual and homosexual—among public officials, which he views as a deterioration of moral standards. Sorokin's research suggests that sex addiction is becoming increasingly common, likening it to drug addiction. The rapid rise in the number of illegitimate births in the United States is cited as a stark reflection of escalating sexual promiscuity. He laments that societal morals have shifted to the extent that values such as continency, chastity, and fidelity are now perceived as relics of the past and viewed as oddities. This commentary, published on 7 January 1957, highlights Professor Sorokin's belief that America is at a crossroads, where its cultural fabric is being threatened by what he sees as a dangerous obsession with sex. His observations prompt a call for awareness and potential action to address this societal challenge.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19570107_2_88.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19570107.2.88,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-409752000
7001,08,02,1957,"Legal Change Of Sex (Press, 8 February 1957)","On 6 February 1957, it was reported that several men with a strong desire to dress in feminine clothing had been permitted to register as women at the General Register Office in London. This change was confirmed by an official spokesperson and highlighted in the “Daily Express.” These men had not undergone any surgical operations or hormonal treatments but had legally changed their sex and were granted the rights and status of women, despite having male physical characteristics. Similarly, women who felt compelled to live as men were also allowed to change their official records. The process for these legal sex changes was made accessible with a nominal cost of 3 shillings and 9 pence. Medical evidence, in the form of a statutory declaration from a doctor, was required to support the applications for sex change. The doctor needed to determine that the individual was predominantly of the opposite sex, although the specific grounds for this assessment were left to the discretion of the medical professional. Notably, the medical opinions provided were not subject to challenge by any medical panel. This legal change enabled individuals to live authentically as their identified gender without the fear of legal repercussions. The report mentioned that the integrity of the medical profession served as a safeguard against potential misuse of this provision, ensuring that men and women would not change their legal gender for socially unacceptable reasons. The authorities acknowledged that this process had been functioning quietly for some time, positively impacting those involved by alleviating distress and providing peace of mind to many.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19570208_2_93.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19570208.2.93,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-406987200
4108,21,02,1957,"Supreme Court Verdict Of Guilty On Robbery Charge (Press, 21 February 1957)","On 21 February 1957, a Supreme Court jury found four men guilty of robbery against Eric Anthony McAlpine. The accused were Kevin Barry Crannitch, aged 23, Ivan Stewart Davey, aged 18, Colin Clive Worters, aged 21, and George William Thomas, aged 23. The offence occurred on 25 November 1956, during which the victim was robbed of a wristwatch, a fountain pen, and £2 in cash, totalling £20 and 9 shillings. Justice Adams remanded the men for sentencing following the jury's decision. Throughout the trial, defence counsel for the accused raised objections regarding the admissibility of statements made to police. Justice Adams ultimately ruled that the statements from three of the accused were admissible, while Crannitch did not provide a statement. The proceedings were expedited to avoid jurors being influenced by external information over the course of the trial. Detective John Stafford Ashby provided crucial evidence, describing the timeline and interactions between the accused and the victim. According to Ashby, Davey claimed he and Crannitch had attended a party and did not know the district. After leaving the party, they encountered two girls and took a taxi with them before proceeding to Cathedral Square. In a later statement, Davey recounted meeting McAlpine, who was then assaulted by the group under the impression he was a homosexual. Davey did not sign this statement, however, indicating a lack of willingness to admit to the crime. Worters detailed in his statement how he and Thomas were approached by a man in a lavatory who offered them a lift. The interaction escalated when the man was pulled from his van by the accused, and they searched his pockets. They subsequently discarded the stolen items, which included the victim’s shoes. The court heard from Sergeant Albert William Rex Ball, who corroborated the circumstances leading to the arrest of the men. Constable Thomas Edward Stuart also provided evidence regarding the identification of the accused by McAlpine shortly after the assault. During closing arguments, prosecution counsel P. T. Mahon argued that the evidence submitted by the accused amounted to confessions of robbery. Defence counsel for Thomas contended there was insufficient evidence to connect him to the robbery itself, as he had been identified based solely on statements made after the fact. The jury deliberated from 8.25 p.m. and returned with their guilty verdict by 9.50 p.m. They did not render verdicts on alternative charges of assault with intent to rob or common assault, to which the accused had pleaded not guilty. The atmosphere surrounding the trial reflected broader social considerations, particularly as aspects of the case involved perceptions about homosexuality, which played a minor role in the justification for the assault. The final outcome left the accused facing sentencing in the coming days.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19570221_2_25.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19570221.2.25,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-405864000
7763,29,03,1957,"New Plymouth Gaol (Press, 29 March 1957)","On 28 March 1957, the Justice Department of New Zealand announced that plans to convert the New Plymouth prison into a detention centre for youths have been abandoned. This decision was influenced by severe overcrowding in prisons across the country. The initial proposal aimed to establish a facility for young offenders, which would have required vacating the adult inmates currently housed in New Plymouth. However, due to a lack of available accommodation for these adult prisoners, the plan was deemed unfeasible. The detention centre was intended to provide an alternative to the overcrowded Invercargill Borstal, where many young offenders are currently rehabilitated. The proposed facility would have allowed youths to serve a maximum sentence of four months under strict discipline, representing an alternative to either borstal or probation. Unfortunately, the surge in the prison population since discussions began on this initiative has ultimately dictated that New Plymouth must continue to function as an adult prison, rendering the original scheme impractical.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19570329_2_53.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19570329.2.53,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-402753600
4109,11,05,1957,"Homosexual Sent To Gaol (Press, 11 May 1957)","On 10 May 1957, in the Auckland Supreme Court, Mr Justice T. A. Gresson sentenced Cyril Ernie Richard Webber, a 51-year-old company director, to four years’ imprisonment for each of nine counts related to unnatural offences against males. The sentences were to run concurrently. Justice Gresson described Webber as an active and organising homosexual, identifying him as a particularly dangerous individual. The court heard evidence indicating that Webber had engaged in homosexual relations with numerous men over an extended period, including some who were young and vulnerable. In his plea for leniency, Mr J. F. W. Dickson, representing Webber, claimed that his client maintained his innocence and argued that Webber's life had been irreparably damaged by the charges against him, regardless of the sentence. Dickson articulated a perspective that equated homosexuality with a disease, akin to cancer, noting that both its origins and potential treatments remain largely elusive to medical science. He referenced a growing movement in England, including voices from the Church of England and Justices of the Peace, advocating for reforms in the laws regarding homosexuality, suggesting that such issues should be regarded within a medical context rather than strictly legal. The case reflects prevailing societal attitudes towards homosexuality in 1957 New Zealand, illustrating the intersection of law, morality, and evolving views on sexual orientation during that era.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19570511_2_90.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19570511.2.90,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-399038400
6548,18,05,1957,"New Fiction (Press, 18 May 1957)","On 18 May 1957, a review was published discussing two notable novels: ""Justine"" by Lawrence Durrell and ""Not Glory"" by John Goldthorpe. Lawrence Durrell's ""Justine"" is described as his first serious foray into novel writing since 1938, when he published ""The Black Book."" Despite the previous book's accolades, including praise from T. S. Eliot, Durrell is primarily recognised as a poet and author of poetic works about specific locations such as Corfu and Rhodes. In ""Justine,"" Durrell explores themes of relationships within the vibrant backdrop of Alexandria. The novel features a wealthy Egyptian, his wife, a Jewish nymphomaniac, an English schoolteacher, and his mistress, a prostitute. The narrative is noted for its poetic qualities, though it is critiqued for its shapelessness, reflecting Durrell’s morally ambiguous approach to his characters. The text often calls to mind the Bloomsbury group, particularly through its exploration of personal relationships and a somewhat anachronistic philosophical musings reminiscent of Virginia Woolf. Durrell portrays Alexandria as a city that influences the characters' moral compass, creating a complex interplay between environment and individual action. However, the underlying deterministic themes and the portrayal of flawed characters may not resonate with all readers, possibly making it less appealing to those seeking a more straightforward narrative. The second book reviewed, ""Not Glory"" by John Goldthorpe, tackles the persecution of Christians in Alexandria during 303 A.D., set against the backdrop of Roman Egypt's occupation. This lengthy religious novel intertwines the historical context of severe repression, resulting from an edict by Galerius, with extensive theological dialogues. While the first part of the book is slow, focusing on philosophical conversations about faith, the action accelerates with the onset of brutal persecutions. Goldthorpe vividly depicts the destruction of churches and the torturous fates of Christian believers who face charges of disloyalty to Rome. The author succeeds in weaving together personal narratives of love and faith, particularly through the poignant accounts of martyrs and the heart-wrenching experiences of those trying to save their loved ones from dire circumstances. Although the theological discussions may feel tedious and the book is not categorised as a great piece of literature, it carries a compelling narrative that captures the essence of its historical period. The emotional depth and the vivid depiction of character experiences may appeal to readers interested in historical novels that explore the intersections of faith, love, and suffering.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19570518_2_25.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19570518.2.25,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-398433600
4110,25,07,1957,"Perverts Sent To Gaol (Press, 25 July 1957)","On 24 July 1957, four men were sentenced in the Wellington Magistrate’s Court for charges of indecent assault against youths. The sentences were delivered by Mr M. B. Scully, S.M., who emphasised that individuals involved in such acts would receive no sympathy from the court. Riordan Herbert Godfrey, a 32-year-old former police sergeant, and Cyril Otto Foothead, a 45-year-old salesman, were both sentenced to three years in prison. Leslie Frederick Pahl, a 20-year-old shop assistant, received a one-year sentence, while John Macpherson, a 31-year-old taxi driver, was sentenced to two years' imprisonment. Scully condemned Foothead’s residence on Seatoun Road, describing it as a ""house of vice, sin and depravity."" During the proceedings, Mr R. Stacey, representing Godfrey, raised concerns regarding the prosecution of other Police Force members who were allegedly involved in homosexual activities, questioning why they had not faced similar charges.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19570725_2_66.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19570725.2.66,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-392558400
7764,23,08,1957,"The Press Friday, August 23, 1957. The Penal... (Press, 23 August 1957)","On 23 August 1957, The Press reported on significant issues facing New Zealand's penal system, highlighted by the Minister of Justice, Mr Marshall, during his Budget speech. The accommodation crisis within the penal establishments is particularly severe, with current capacity being stretched well beyond its limits. Officially, New Zealand's prisons are designed to hold 1,320 inmates; however, this number had risen to 1,500 by August 1957. This overcrowding has led to untenable conditions, such as multiple inmates sharing spaces meant for single occupancy. The report indicates that the implications of such overcrowding extend beyond mere discomfort. It complicates the classification of prisoners into appropriate security levels, thereby hindering the correct management of offenders based on their individual needs. For instance, distinguishing between young and old inmates, as well as separating minor offenders from hardened criminals and segregating homosexual inmates, has become increasingly impractical. The allocated space for Borstal treatment, aimed at rehabilitating young offenders, has also been severely impacted by the shortage of suitable accommodation. The Justice Department has expressed a long-standing desire to implement a more effective approach derived from English penal practices, particularly for young delinquents and those in need of immediate institutional discipline. The inability to establish a dedicated facility for such youth highlights the urgent need for a large-scale building programme within the penal system. Despite having a relatively small number of inmates compared to global standards, the report notes that complacency is unwarranted given the sharp increase in the prison population, which has surged by 31 per cent since August 1955. This rise in numbers is attributed to several factors including the Criminal Justice Act of 1954, which has led to longer sentences, as well as the growing efficiency of the police force in enforcing laws. Furthermore, Mr Marshall has advocated for the Justice Department to take a proactive stance in addressing the root causes of crime, suggesting that the extension of psychological, matrimonial conciliation, and probation services could be beneficial. Such measures are not only necessary to cope with the immediate rise in criminal activity and inmate population but are also critical for modernising New Zealand's penal approach. In summary, the article underscores the pressing issues within New Zealand’s penal system, calling for urgent reforms and expansion of facilities to ensure effective management of the inmate population while simultaneously addressing the underlying social issues contributing to crime rates.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19570823_2_70.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19570823.2.70,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-390052800
7765,30,08,1957,"The Various Occupations Of Prisoners – In Gaol (Press, 30 August 1957)","The annual report from the Department of Justice, published on 30 August 1957, sheds light on the diverse range of occupations undertaken by prisoners in New Zealand's correctional facilities. It highlights various aspects of prison labour, illustrating how inmate work contributes significantly to both self-sufficiency and government operations. The report indicates that the primary focus of prison labour is farming, with the department managing seven main farms that collectively generated a revenue of £117,505 for the year ending 31 March. Additional work in ""other industries"" brought in an extra £61,244. The Auckland prison's tailoring department is responsible for producing all clothing for inmates, along with certain uniforms for prison officers. They also handle shoe repairs and manufacture furniture for the Justice Department, which may soon extend to the Education Department as well. Auctioning ballot boxes for the upcoming November General Election is another task, with these being crafted in the tinsmith’s shop at Auckland prison. The report further discusses the activities of the New Plymouth prison, where prisoners create dental chair cushions for the Health Department, seat cushions for government offices, school envelopes for the Education Department, and even radio control parachutes for the Air Department. Printing demands for the Justice Department are largely met by the Wellington prison. Farming operations are notably extensive, with the Waikeria prison farm spanning roughly 3000 acres. It houses approximately 7400 sheep and five dairy herds, each consisting of about 110 cows. Additionally, Waikeria is involved in a long-term production trial using a breeding herd of 350 Black Poll cows in collaboration with the Ruakura animal research station. The honey rations for all institutions come from an apiary located on this farm. At the Tongariro prison farm, which is set to expand to an eventual size of 24,000 acres, roughly 4500 acres are currently dedicated to grassland. This farm sustains a flock of 7300 sheep and 1600 cattle, including around 120 dairy cows and 575 breeding cows. The Paparua prison farm, encompassing 1380 acres, features a Corriedale flock of 1300 ewes, along with operations involving cows, pigs, and a sizeable poultry unit, supplemented by various cropping activities. Overall, the report underscores the significant role that prison labour plays in supporting the New Zealand government's needs while providing inmates with opportunities to develop skills and contribute to society.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19570830_2_62.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19570830.2.62,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-389448000
4111,06,09,1957,"British Controversy On Vice Report (Press, 6 September 1957)","A government committee in Britain, known as the Wolfenden Committee, has recommended that homosexuality between consenting adults no longer be treated as a criminal offence. This announcement, released on 4 September 1957, is expected to spark significant controversy in the UK. The committee, chaired by Sir John Wolfenden and comprising 15 members including lawyers, doctors, and clergymen, only saw one member dissent from the recommendation. The report has highlighted a stark division of opinion across various media and public discourse regarding homosexuality, with notable opposition from newspapers fearing that changes in the law could erode moral standards in society. The committee's report not only addresses homosexuality but also proposes stricter penalties for street prostitution. They suggest raising the fines for first and second offences to £10 and £25 respectively, and include a three-month prison sentence for subsequent offences. Current laws require evidence that citizens have been annoyed by prostitution, which the committee recommends eliminating. Additionally, the report calls for stricter actions against landlords who allow prostitution on their properties, noting that they should be penalised for profiting from such activities. While suggesting these heightened consequences, the committee expressed concern that such measures may lead to an increase in call-girl services or advertisements for ""companions"" in local media. They ultimately concluded that these developments, albeit undesirable, might be less harmful than the visible presence of street prostitution. The committee deliberated on the idea of licensed brothels but dismissed it, arguing that state endorsement of prostitution contradicts efforts to improve societal and moral standards. The inquiry has challenged the common perception of widespread exploitation within the prostitution industry, stating that many women willingly engage in these activities. It appears the committee believes that criminalising acts of prostitution will not effectively diminish the practice, as demand remains strong amongst men. On the subject of homosexuality, the committee concluded that the law should not interfere in the private lives of consenting adults, maintaining that legal action should only address situations that threaten public order. The existing law, which can impose life imprisonment for serious homosexual offences by men, is regarded as excessive. The committee suggests that the law continue to protect young people under 21 from older men, recommending stronger sanctions against exploitation in those cases. The report acknowledges that while there is some evidence that homosexuality can impact family life negatively, the same can be said for heterosexual adultery, questioning why homosexuality is uniquely criminalised. The committee firmly opposes framing laws based on historical prejudices against homosexuality, asserting that personal behaviour should not be subject to criminal penalties when it does not pose a public risk. This comprehensive report from the Wolfenden Committee, following three years of inquiries, is set to be debated in the House of Commons during the new parliamentary session in November 1957, and will likely influence the future of both sexual and prostitution laws in Britain.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19570906_2_105.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19570906.2.105,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-388843200
4112,07,09,1957,"Supreme Court Judge Reduces Sentence On Homosexual (Press, 7 September 1957)","On 7 September 1957, the Supreme Court heard an appeal from Michael Freyne, a 41-year-old man who was sentenced to three years’ imprisonment for indecently assaulting a male. This sentence was part of a broader conviction from the Dunedin Magistrate’s Court on 25 July 1957, where Freyne received a total of six concurrent sentences of 18 months for similar offences, involving the indecent assault of seven boys aged between 11 and 15 years. Mr J. G. Leggat represented Freyne and argued that societal attitudes towards homosexuality have shifted, suggesting that the criminal nature of such acts is increasingly recognised as stemming from more complex backgrounds rather than merely criminal propensity. During the court proceedings, Mr Leggat referenced the Wolfenden committee's report from the United Kingdom, which advocated for the decriminalisation of consensual homosexual acts between adults, indicating that such behaviour should not be treated as an offence unless it posed a risk of harm to others. He highlighted that public perception has evolved since the early 20th century, and suggested that the severity of Freyne’s three-year sentence was excessive, particularly given that he was a first-time offender. Leggat argued that a lighter sentence coupled with probation would provide an opportunity for rehabilitation, suggesting that the probation officer had indicated that Freyne's actions did not align with his fundamental heterosexual nature. While acknowledging the seriousness of the offences, Leggat maintained that the lengthy sentence was disproportionate for someone whose conduct, according to his defence, was out of character. He suggested that the circumstances warranted a reconsideration of the punishment to focus not only on retribution but also on the potential for reform. In response, Mr P. T. Mahon, representing the Crown, pointed out that all of Freyne’s offences followed a pattern of indecent assault against minors and thus argued that the original sentences adequately reflected the gravity of his actions. It was also noted that one of the charges had been affected by an error regarding the dates of the offences, which may have influenced the sentencing judgement given by the Magistrate. Mr Justice Adams concluded that the sentence imposed was indeed severe, acknowledging the procedural misstep regarding the timing of one offence. Ultimately, the court quashed the three-year sentence and imposed a different term, taking into account the specifics of the case, the context of the offences, and the evolving societal views on homosexuality.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19570907_2_91.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19570907.2.91,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-388756800
4113,13,09,1957,"Relaxation In Cyprus (Press, 13 September 1957)","On 12 September 1957, the Governor of Cyprus, Sir John Harding, announced significant relaxations to anti-terrorist laws on the island. These changes include the abolition of the death penalty for carrying firearms, which has been replaced with life imprisonment. Additionally, the mandatory death penalty for discharging firearms and throwing bombs has been lifted, allowing courts the discretion to impose life sentences or lesser penalties for these offences. This announcement followed the Governor's recent decision to commute the death sentence of Nicos Sampson, a 22-year-old Greek-Cypriot journalist, to life imprisonment for possessing a loaded Sten gun. The relaxations come after the Cyprus government had already withdrawn 33 out of 76 emergency regulations on 9 August 1957, many of which restricted the movement of Cypriots. Sir John Harding had previously indicated his intention to ease restrictions further, contingent upon improving conditions on the island. In an official statement, Harding emphasised that while these offences remain serious, the reduction in such offences had made the decision to relax laws easier. He also warned that if conditions warranting stricter measures were to recur, he would not hesitate to reinstate the previous severe regulations. In the United Kingdom, reactions emerged regarding the Wolfenden report on vice, which has sparked public discourse. Polls conducted by the ""News Chronicle"" and ""Daily Mirror"" reveal mixed public sentiment regarding proposed legal reforms. The Gallup poll indicated that 47 per cent of respondents opposed decriminalising homosexual acts in private between men over 21, while 38 per cent supported the change. Meanwhile, responses from the ""Daily Mirror"" were nearly equally divided on the issue. Most respondents, however, expressed a preference for increased penalties aimed at addressing street prostitution. The ""Manchester Guardian"" noted the relatively calm public response to reforming laws around homosexuality, seeing it as a strikingly moderate stance amid a potentially divisive issue. Additionally, the Dairy Council of Canada has announced plans to request federal import controls on skim milk powder due to the influx of products from New Zealand, Australia, and the United States selling below Canada's established price floor. In Santiago, Chile, approximately 40,000 high school and university students participated in a strike in support of their teachers, demanding higher wages. The Chilean government stated it was unable to accommodate these demands due to a decrease in national income stemming from declining copper prices.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19570913_2_125.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19570913.2.125,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-388238400
4114,17,09,1957,"The Wolfenden Report (Press, 17 September 1957)","A letter published on 17 September 1957 expresses disagreement with commentary from the “Manchester Guardian,” as quoted by ""The Press"" on 13 September. The letter's author contests the notion that reactions to a Gallup poll on homosexual relations reflect “equanimity,” noting that a significant minority of respondents actually supported changes to existing laws. The author references insights from Dr. Kenneth Walker and Dr. Peter Fletcher, suggesting their views more accurately represent public sentiment. They highlight that many consider the current legal stance towards homosexuality to be harmful and objectionable, advocating for action to protect homosexuals from legal repercussions. The letter concludes with a call to end what is seen as legalised persecution.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19570917_2_6_4.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19570917.2.6.4,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-387892800
7704,18,09,1957,"The Wolfenden Report (Press, 18 September 1957)","In a letter published on 18 September 1957, Colonel Prigg expresses his agreement with the sentiments of a previous article titled ""End Legalised Persecution."" He reflects on the significance of the work done by Dr. Kenneth Walker and Dr. Peter Fletcher, whom he regards as more reliable authorities than the ""Manchester Guardian."" Prigg commends the extensive research conducted by these doctors and Havelock Ellis, which he believes has contributed to a shift away from bigotry towards more enlightened views on sexuality and social hygiene. He recalls the troubling messages portrayed in purity instruction pamphlets during his youth, which instilled fear and misconceptions about topics like ""self abuse"" and the idea of ""lost manhood."" Prigg describes these messages as grotesque terrors that were unfairly impressed upon young minds. In contrast, he finds wisdom and practicality in Havelock Ellis’s work, particularly in ""Task of Social Hygiene,"" indicating that this text offers a more enlightened perspective on sexual health and education. Through his letter, Colonel Prigg advocates for a more informed and compassionate understanding of human sexuality, lamenting past misconceptions while recognising the progress made through research and education.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19570918_2_14_3.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19570918.2.14.3,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-387806400
7705,20,09,1957,"The Wolfenden Report (Press, 20 September 1957)","In a letter addressed to the editor, a lecturer from Victoria University College, Dr. Harold Bourne, has raised concerns regarding the punitive nature of New Zealand society, particularly in relation to behaviour that deviates from the norm. Published on 20 September 1957, the letter argues that while New Zealanders pride themselves on their freedom, they exhibit a harsher stance towards those who do not conform, in contrast to Britain, which is seen as exhibiting greater tolerance in similar situations. Dr. Bourne's analysis suggests that New Zealand is characterised by a strong culture of conformity, leading to societal condemnation of behaviours that are not significantly different from those observed in a considerable portion of the population, as indicated by the Kinsey report. This raises questions about the societal right to judge and punish such behaviours when they might reflect common human experiences. The letter criticises the current government's approach, particularly the introduction of indeterminate sentences, which the author believes only exacerbates the issue. The letter expresses a strong objection to the injustices carried out in the name of society and highlights a desire for more progressive thinking on these matters within New Zealand. The author implores readers to reflect on their own national mentality and challenges them to consider whether they should wait for guidance from Britain before making meaningful changes. Overall, the letter highlights a tension between societal norms and individual freedoms while advocating for a re-evaluation of punitive measures within New Zealand.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19570920_2_6_7.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19570920.2.6.7,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-387633600
4115,24,09,1957,"The Wolfenden Report (Press, 24 September 1957)","In a letter to the editor, Colonel Prigg expresses support for a protest against the proposed indeterminate sentences for homosexual offences. He references a statement by Mr Justice Adams, which was published on 11 July 1957, indicating that imprisonment is not an effective solution for dealing with homosexuality. Prigg notes that leading authorities in sex psychology agree with this viewpoint, highlighting that homosexuality is a longstanding aspect of human civilisation, seen throughout various ages and cultures. He argues that societal moral and cultural attributes are the appropriate means to address these issues rather than legal penalties. The letter was submitted on 22 September 1957.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19570924_2_7_8.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19570924.2.7.8,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-387288000
7706,27,09,1957,"The Wolfenden Report (Press, 27 September 1957)","The author expresses support for the Wolfenden report on homosexuality, highlighting its challenge to the State's authority in enforcing behavioural norms. They argue that the potential harm from non-aggressive behaviours is negligible compared to the harm caused by State-imposed cultural standards, drawing a parallel with the oppressive cultural practices observed in the Soviet Union. The letter warns against the dangers of a culture completely dictated by the State, suggesting it would result in a monotonous and uninspired environment in New Zealand. The writer criticises the prevailing laws that impose prison sentences for behaviours deemed unacceptable due to patriarchal ideals, suggesting this situation reflects the nation's immaturity. They reference ""Colonel Prigg"" and other reputable investigators advocating for change, questioning when such necessary reforms will be implemented. The letter emphasises the need for a more open and accepting culture that moves away from legalised persecution.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19570927_2_7_11.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19570927.2.7.11,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-387028800
4116,30,09,1957,"Dr. Fisher On Vice Laws (Press, 30 September 1957)","On 28 September 1957, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Fisher, expressed his views on the vice laws in Britain, particularly in relation to the recently released Wolfenden Committee report concerning homosexuality and prostitution. He emphasised the idea that every individual possesses a ""sacred realm of privacy,"" which should not be intruded upon by the law, except in extraordinary circumstances. The Wolfenden Committee had recommended that consensual homosexual acts between adults in private should no longer be criminalised, while calling for harsher penalties for street prostitution. In his comments, the Archbishop acknowledged that while the law might not condone certain behaviours, such as homosexual acts, these actions were ultimately viewable as sinful, though he underscored the importance of an individual's right to privacy in making personal choices. Fisher argued that the law has a role in enhancing the moral strength of the populace. He stated that if the existence of certain behaviours posed a significant moral hazard to society, the law could rightfully intervene. However, he noted the difficulty in determining whether society needed protection from private immoralities and indicated the challenge of instituting effective legal restraints on behaviours such as adultery, fornication, and homosexuality without undermining the report's overarching principles. He stressed that if clear and effective legal methods existed to address these moral concerns, it would be appropriate to adopt them. Conversely, if such methods were not feasible, it was vital to uphold the principle of privacy. Fisher concluded that private moral challenges should ideally be addressed through the moral fortitude of individuals, guided by their spiritual beliefs. In addition to discussing the vice laws, the Archbishop commented on the existing Sunday legislation in Britain, which he described as outdated and somewhat absurd. He conveyed that there was consensus within the Church recognising the need for a review rather than a complete abolition of the laws governing Sunday activities. Fisher suggested the government should establish a committee to evaluate and recommend appropriate changes to modernise the legislation, taking into account both social interests and the specific needs of various occupations.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19570930_2_70.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19570930.2.70,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-386769600
7707,02,10,1957,"The Wolfenden Report (Press, 2 October 1957)","A letter published in response to the views of the Archbishop of Canterbury criticises his condemnation of homosexuality as a ""sin."" The author challenges the Archbishop's stance, citing a quote that highlights the folly of denying God’s presence in all things. The writer argues that the church's historical persecution, particularly since the time of Constantine, has influenced current legal attitudes towards homosexuality. They express disappointment that the Archbishop does not exhibit the same tolerance as respected authorities like Dr. Peter Fletcher and Dr. Kenneth Walker, whose writings promote a more accepting Christian perspective on sexuality, as exemplified in their book ""Sex and Society."" The letter expresses a desire for greater understanding and acceptance, contrasting the Archbishop’s position with those of more progressive thinkers.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19571002_2_63_9.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19571002.2.63.9,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-386596800
4117,04,10,1957,"The Wolfenden Report (Press, 4 October 1957)","In a letter to the editor published on 4 October 1957, M. G. Davies from Hanmer expresses his views on homosexuality, describing it as a ""crime against nature."" He advocates for compassion towards those he considers victims of this condition. Davies argues that it is the responsibility of scientists to assist individuals grappling with homosexuality. Citing ancient wisdom, he refers to the natural laws of cause and effect, highlighting the idea that everything has a designated time and purpose. He suggests that like animals, human beings are subject to natural forces, but unlike them, humans possess free will, enabling them to choose their responses to various stimuli. Davies goes on to assert that when humans do not adhere to the appropriate timing for conception, it can result in biological anomalies, leading to scenarios in which individuals may display traits typically associated with the opposite gender, resulting in homosexual orientations. The letter reflects a perspective that attributes homosexuality to a failure in natural processes, while simultaneously calling for understanding and support for those affected.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19571004_2_6_12.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19571004.2.6.12,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-386424000
4118,10,10,1957,"The Wolfenden Report (Press, 10 October 1957)","In a letter published in response to Miss M. G. Davies' assertion that ""homosexuality is a crime against nature,"" the writer challenges this view by referencing Socrates, who is said to have viewed homosexuality as a legitimate expression of human nature. The writer argues that there is no reputable authority today that supports the idea of homosexuality being unnatural despite prevailing legal opinions. Citing the Kinsey report, which indicates that homosexual behaviour is not significantly different from the sexual practices of a substantial portion of the general population, the writer stresses that such behaviour should be considered basic to human species. They reference experts like Dr. Peter Fletcher and Dr. Kenneth Walker, who suggest that the prevalence of homosexual activities does not correlate with psychopathic or psychotic symptoms, contrary to some claims made by opponents. The letter highlights a growing recognition that moral rigidity, rather than compassion, is contributing to the ongoing discrimination and legal persecution of homosexuals. It advocates for a reevaluation of laws that perpetuate this discrimination and calls for a more enlightened understanding of human sexuality. The writer concludes by urging for an end to the ""shameful legislative blot"" affecting the lives of homosexuals, reinforcing the need for legal reform based on compassion and understanding rather than outdated moral judgments.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19571010_2_7_10.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19571010.2.7.10,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-385905600
7708,12,10,1957,"The Wolfenden Report (Press, 12 October 1957)","In a letter published in ""The Press"" on 12 October 1957, M. G. Davies responds to an earlier correspondence titled ""End Legalising Persecution."" The author references the biblical book of Genesis, specifically chapter 19, verses 4 to 7, to support his views. He argues that when the sanctity of marriage is upheld, it prevents the emergence of what he terms ""intermediate type,"" a reference likely to discussions of gender and sexuality norms. Davies suggests that the consequences of parental actions, or ""the sins of the fathers,"" affect their children, implying a continuity of moral or social issues across generations. His letter reflects the ongoing debates around legalisation and societal values during that era. The editor of ""The Press"" notes that this letter may conclude the correspondence on the topic.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19571012_2_15_8.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19571012.2.15.8,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-385732800
4119,16,10,1957,"The Wolfenden Report (Press, 16 October 1957)","In a letter published on 16 October 1957, a writer critiques Miss M. G. Davies's reference to biblical texts regarding assault, arguing that her interpretation is misapplied to homosexual acts that do not constitute assault. The letter highlights the legal implications of such interpretations, suggesting that figures like King David would face modern legal charges for actions that, in context, are not assaultive. The writer invokes the sentiments of Dr. Peter Fletcher and Dr. Kenneth Walker, who express that discussions around homosexuality have led to significant confusion, misunderstanding, and cruelty under the guise of justice. They further note that backlash against non-conventional sexual behaviour is not limited to the uneducated but can also arise from educated individuals. The letter reflects on societal scapegoating across various cultures and calls for an end to what the writer terms ""legalised persecution"" of homosexuals. It argues for a reevaluation of how justice is interpreted and the need for greater understanding in addressing sexual diversity. The letter concludes with a note that correspondence on this topic is now closed.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19571016_2_7_4.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19571016.2.7.4,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-385387200
4120,16,11,1957,"Wolfenden Report (Press, 16 November 1957)","On 14 November 1957, the General Assembly of the Church of England voted in favour of a motion stating that homosexual practices between consenting adults should no longer be deemed illegal. The motion, which passed with 155 votes in favour and 133 against, is linked to the recommendations of the Wolfenden Committee, which suggested decriminalising homosexuality while advocating for stricter penalties for street prostitution. The Bishop of Exeter, Dr. Robert Mortimer, proposed the motion and argued in favour of the committee's approach regarding homosexuality, although he did not support all its recommendations on prostitution. Following the vote, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Geoffrey Fisher, expressed his perspective by stating that while homosexuality compromises manhood, heterosexuality exceeds this violation by impacting both manhood and womanhood. He suggested that the harm inflicted by heterosexual misconduct is greater than that caused by homosexual acts, which he believed are less prevalent. Dr. Mortimer highlighted that the Wolfenden Committee presented a valid understanding of the purpose of criminal law, delineating that true morality is defined by free choice and personal responsibility. He acknowledged that while the committee was correct in its view that private homosexual conduct among consenting adults should not be criminalised, he did not dismiss the gravity of such behaviour, describing it as a ""disgusting moral incontinence."" In conclusion, he still called for increased penalties for prostitution and those profiting from it, indicating that he viewed a clear distinction between these issues. The discussions reflected broader societal tensions concerning sexual morality and legal implications in mid-20th century Britain.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19571116_2_23.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19571116.2.23,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-382708800
4121,06,12,1957,"Church Agrees With Wolfenden Report (Press, 6 December 1957)","On December 5, 1957, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Geoffrey Fisher, addressed the House of Lords, advocating for legal reforms regarding homosexuality and prostitution. He expressed his belief that there are clubs of homosexuals in Britain, which he likened to a 'freemasonry' with its own language that makes it difficult for individuals to escape their influence. Dr. Fisher argued that as long as homosexual acts between consenting adults in private remained criminal offences, this subculture would gain strength. He called for a change in legislation to decriminalise such acts, explaining that consent should be paramount in matters of morality. The Archbishop further noted that the current legal framework unjustly regarded clients of prostitutes as 'innocent and untouchable', suggesting punitive measures against them would discourage their behaviour. Dr. Fisher elaborated on the moral landscape surrounding sexuality, highlighting a disparity in societal outrage over homosexual acts compared to heterosexual offences like fornication and adultery. He noted that while heterosexuals prevail in numbers, both sexual inclinations exist across humanity, and the perceived immorality of homosexual acts often overshadows similar indiscretions in heterosexual behaviour. He endorsed key recommendations from the Wolfenden Committee report, which suggested not including private consensual homosexual acts among legal offences, while maintaining protections for individuals under 21. Dr. Fisher recognised the potential for misunderstandings surrounding these proposals but maintained that it was essential to start from the correct principles regarding private rights and moral codes. Moreover, he indicated that the criminalisation of homosexual acts fuels secrecy and contributes to the establishment of organisations that thrive away from public and legal scrutiny. He also mentioned a case of a young man being pursued internationally by these groups, illustrating the pressures individuals face. In closing, Dr. Fisher suggested that if possible, the extreme offence of sodomy should be treated differently from other homosexual acts under the law. He believed that this distinction would acknowledge the complexity of moral and legal considerations surrounding sexual conduct, advocating for a more humane and just legal approach regarding privacy and consent.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19571206_2_124.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19571206.2.124,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-380980800
4122,09,12,1957,"Report On Morals (Press, 9 December 1957)","A leading article in the British medical journal “The Practitioner,” edited by Sir Heneage Ogilvie and Dr. W. A. R. Thomson, has raised concerns regarding the Committee on Homosexual Offences and Prostitution's recommendation to decriminalise homosexual behaviour between consenting adults in private. Published on 9 December 1957, the article emphasises the need for careful consideration of the far-reaching implications of such a change before it is hastily incorporated into law. While acknowledging the recommendation may be justified on grounds of expediency, the article highlights a lack of compelling arguments beyond this rationale. The article expresses concern over the committee's failure to invite representatives such as headmasters, schoolteachers, and school medical officers to present their insights. These professionals, who have direct knowledge of how homosexuality impacts youth, are deemed crucial voices in the discussion. The article argues that psychiatrists, who constitute much of the committee's consulted expertise, provide only a partial view of the issue that overlooks the perspectives of those who interact with younger generations. The report is critiqued for its limited new contributions, particularly since a symposium on “Sex and its Problems” was published in 1954 by the same journal. Moreover, the article points out the complexities inherent in guiding adolescents through their natural developmental phases, particularly the transition from same-sex attraction to heterosexual relationships. The potential impact of the committee's recommendation on this process raises uncertainties. Thus, the article concludes that, irrespective of the recommendation’s merits, it should not be rushed into legal enactment without ample time for comprehensive analysis. In a separate report, minor fires in the city were documented. A rubbish fire at 136 Manchester Street required the intervention of three units from the Central Fire Station at 8:29 p.m., which caused minimal damage. Another fire was reported at 8:43 a.m. at 436 Avonside Drive, where a hedge fire involving a macrocarpa hedge was slightly damaging. Additionally, a fire on a stove at Mr. Raymond Farrell’s property on 22 Amuri Street was attended by a unit from Sockburn, which was ignited by fat, causing slight damage to a wall.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19571209_2_132.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19571209.2.132,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-380721600
6549,01,03,1958,"Theatre On Thin Ice (Press, 1 March 1958)","An article from ""The Times"" published on 1 March 1958 discusses the evolving landscape of theatre in London, noting a shift in the types of subjects and characters being presented on stage. Several contemporary plays tackle themes that would have previously faced censorship, highlighting a broader acceptance of controversial topics. The article references the role of the Lord Chamberlain, who historically exercised editorial control over theatrical content. While he may now permit more liberal interpretations of classic works, there remains a cautionary note regarding unrestricted freedom in theatre. The piece acknowledges that while some new plays feature characters from various social issues—such as alcoholism and homosexuality—that might have been excluded in the past, the implications of their inclusion are not straightforward. The author questions whether this liberality is beneficial, suggesting that an unfiltered stage may lead to a lack of substance and mere sensationalism. The nostalgia for a time when limitations may have spurred creativity is evident, suggesting that constraints may enhance the quality of artistic expression. The article also reflects on the impact of modern trends in literature and theatre, indicating that while censorship has eased, the outcome has not universally improved the quality of storytelling or dramatic presentation. The discussion concludes with the idea that a thoughtful approach to what is deemed acceptable on stage may prove crucial for playwrights who aspire to lasting success beyond immediate commercial gains.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19580301_2_16.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19580301.2.16,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-373636800
4123,27,03,1958,"Appeal Against Death Penalty (Press, 27 March 1958)","Albert Matheson, a 52-year-old man, avoided execution for the killing of 15-year-old Gordon Lockhart following an appeal that was upheld by five judges of the Appeal Court in London on 25 March 1958. Originally convicted of capital murder by a jury in Durham, Matheson's conviction was altered to manslaughter, resulting in a 20-year prison sentence. The case involved a disturbing context where Matheson, described as having a psychopathic personality, killed and mutilated the boy using a claw-headed hammer. It was reported that Matheson was aware that Lockhart possessed £35 at the time of the incident, and there had been a homosexual association between the two. The defence attributed Matheson's actions to ""diminished responsibility."" The Lord Chief Justice, Lord Goddard, acknowledged the severity of the crime and indicated that it was comprehensible for a jury to feel that Matheson should not continue to live, reflecting the profound public and legal implications of such violent acts. Although the specific reasoning behind the appeal decision was not disclosed immediately, it was stated that further details would be provided at a later date.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19580327_2_88.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19580327.2.88,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-371390400
4124,26,04,1958,"Belles-lettres (Press, 26 April 1958)","The review discusses ""Principles and Persuasions: The Literary Essays of Anthony West,"" published by Eyre and Spottiswoode, comprising a collection of the author's literary reviews from the ""New Yorker"" since 1951. A significant portion of the essays focuses on biographical subjects, including notable figures such as Abraham Lincoln, George Bernard Shaw, and Sir Winston Churchill, who are all enduring topics of literary interest. However, West offers particularly critical views on famous authors such as George Eliot and Charles Dickens, whom he critiques for their personal lives, particularly their marital inconstancy. He argues that a writer's moral integrity is essential for producing good literature, leading him to dismiss Eliot's contributions as a creative artist or serious thinker. The reviewer disputes West's harsh judgement, asserting that the intrinsic value of Eliot's work remains unaffected by her personal life choices, suggesting that his approach conflates separate areas of judgment. West similarly critiques Hugh Walpole in light of Rupert Hart-Davis's biography, focusing on Walpole’s alleged homosexual conduct, which he believes tarnishes Walpole’s standing as a writer. This thematic inclination continues with West's evaluation of Dr Reinhold Niebuhr’s “The Irony of American History,” which the reviewer deems inadequately assessed, indicating that West's understanding of Niebuhr’s arguments is flawed. Other contemporary novelists featured in West's essays include Francois Mauriac, Graham Greene, Ralph Ellison, Ivy Compton-Burnett, and John Dos Passos, with the latter being critiqued for irrelevant content in his biography of Thomas Jefferson. The review highlights a particularly sharp essay titled “Lord Cardigan,” which critiques Mrs Cecil Woodham-Smith’s portrayal of Lord Cardigan in connection to the Charge of the Light Brigade, characterized as a scathing piece of writing. Although the book features moments of humour and a polished reviewing style, the reviewer concludes that West's literary judgement is fundamentally lacking, making many of his opinions disputable. Additionally, the review notes changes at the Stratford-on-Avon theatre, where a new, larger programme design has been introduced to reduce stage reflection, and a Gothic 'S' has replaced the Shakespearean coat of arms, accompanied by new notes from Ivor Brown on the plays presented.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19580426_2_18.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19580426.2.18,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-368798400
4125,01,07,1958,"Homosexuality Inquiry (Press, 1 July 1958)","On 30 June 1958, the Attorney-General of New South Wales, Mr R. R. Downing, announced the establishment of a committee to investigate homosexuality in the state. This committee will conduct a comprehensive scientific inquiry into the causes of homosexuality and potential treatments for homosexual offenders. The committee's members include psychiatrists, social workers, church representatives, and prison officials. Mr Downing noted that the opening of Cooma Prison, which will serve as a special institution for convicted homosexual offenders, would assist the committee's work. Cooma Prison is distinctive as it will be the only facility in the world specifically designated for the detention of such individuals. In other news, the Indonesian rebel radio reported that rebels intend to continue fighting in Celebes and Sumatra until achieving ""ultimate victory."" The broadcast mentioned that they have inflicted significant losses on government troops in the ongoing conflict in Celebes. Further afield, there are growing concerns in Warsaw regarding the concessions made to Soviet demands. Reports indicated that these concessions create challenges for Poland as the nation seeks to maintain a degree of autonomy without aligning too closely with the Soviet Union. The presence of several Russian divisions in Poland is viewed as a potential threat, while the country's reliance on Soviet raw materials for its industries limits its bargaining power. Despite potential alternatives, Poland lacks the foreign currency needed to procure them. A contentious debate within the Polish Communist Party preceded the approval of the Moscow-imposed stance regarding the Nagy affair. Additionally, a report from Belgrade revealed that the central committee of the Jugoslav Communist Party has decided to release its account of the discussions held between Marshal Tito and Soviet Premier Mr Khrushchev in Bucharest. This meeting, aimed at resolving public disputes between the Jugoslav and Soviet Communist parties over ideological differences, led to an agreement to cease such quarrelling. As a result, Jugoslavia officially recognised East Germany, provoking West Germany to cut diplomatic ties with Jugoslavia in retaliation. With the Bucharest agreement now effectively void, the Jugoslav Party leadership felt compelled to inform Communist members worldwide about the discussions. A summary of the meeting will soon be distributed to Jugoslav party organisations, and it is expected that the Jugoslav press will publish details from the letter issued by the central committee shortly.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19580701_2_116.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19580701.2.116,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-363096000
7620,04,08,1958,"Woman’s Appeal Fails (Press, 4 August 1958)","On 3 August 1958, the Court of Appeal in Wellington dismissed the divorce petition of Mary Irene Maling from her husband, Paul Robert Harper Maling. The dismissal followed a previous ruling by Mr Justice McGregor, who refused the divorce based on allegations of sodomy against the husband. The case was undefended by the husband, who is a war pensioner from Christchurch, but he submitted a statement acknowledging the act in question. The Court of Appeal decided to refer the case to the Solicitor-General, allowing the Attorney-General to consider whether to participate in the proceedings. Prior to the hearing, the Court imposed restrictions on what could be published regarding the evidence but permitted the names of the parties and their counsel, the basis for the divorce suit, and the Court's decision to be made public. The ruling from the Court of Appeal reaffirmed Mr Justice McGregor's conclusion that, according to precedents set by the Court of Appeal in England, a wife who consents to acts of sodomy cannot seek a divorce on those grounds. The judgment was delivered by Mr Justice North, with Mr Justice K. M. Gresson and Mr Justice Cleary also on the bench. Representation included Mr P. H. T. Alpers for the appellant and Mr C. N. Irvine for the Attorney-General.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19580804_2_166.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19580804.2.166,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-360158400
7709,25,08,1958,"Court Sentences (Press, 25 August 1958)","On 25 August 1958, a letter to the editor addressed the sentences handed down by the Supreme Court in three separate criminal cases, highlighting a perceived disparity in the societal attitudes towards different offences. The cases included shop-breaking, indecent assault on young girls, and consensual sexual intercourse between adult males. The letter noted that the sentences for these offences were two years’ imprisonment for shop-breaking, a monetary penalty of £72 7s 6d for indecent assault, and an indeterminate imprisonment term of up to 14 years for the consensual sexual act. The writer expressed concern that society seems to be quite lenient towards shop-breaking, suggesting a lack of serious disapproval for this crime compared to the harsh punishment for consensual homosexual acts. They argued that the severe sentence for consensual acts disregards multiple reputable sources, including the Wolfenden Report, the Kinsey Report, and the Church of England committee report, all of which advocate for the decriminalisation of sexual intercourse between consenting adult males. The letter framed the imposition of such harsh sentences as a form of ""slavery,"" particularly when the punishment was deemed unjustifiable, reflecting a broader critique of the justice system’s failure to align with contemporary understandings of morality and human rights. The author called for a reassessment of these legal perspectives, suggesting that current laws may not serve the interests of justice or reflect the evolving views within society regarding personal liberty and consensual relationships.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19580825_2_8_2.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19580825.2.8.2,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-358344000
4126,12,09,1958,"Court Sentences (Press, 12 September 1958)","In a letter published on 12 September 1958, a writer responds to views on the penalisation of homosexual relationships, emphasising that the concept of penal servitude amounts to extreme slavery. The writer contrasts this with the nature of slavery in ancient Greece, which they argue was considered to be more benign due to the cultural appreciation of democracy and individual respect in that society. The correspondent critiques the mentality of those who advocate for severe court sentences for consenting homosexuals, describing it as reminiscent of a “storm troop mentality.” They draw a parallel between such punitive attitudes and historical practices of discrimination and violence against certain groups, likening the pursuit of homosexuals to the sport of fox-hunting among the wealthy. The letter highlights a recent tragic incident involving a prominent cancer research scientist who took his own life amid police investigations, suggesting that these inquiries were unfounded as there was no indication of any wrongdoing on his part. This illustrates the potential consequences of societal stigma and the harsh legal repercussions faced by individuals within the LGBTQ+ community. The writer aims to assert that more understanding and a compassionate approach should be taken, distancing themselves from any implications of being part of the circles discussed. The letter calls for a cessation of such debates, indicating a desire for more constructive conversations regarding individual rights and societal responsibility.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19580912_2_42_6.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19580912.2.42.6,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-356788800
4127,01,11,1958,"Men Committed For Sentence (Press, 1 November 1958)","On 1 November 1958, two men in Lower Hutt, New Zealand, appeared before Justices of the Peace to answer charges related to homosexuality, where they both pleaded guilty. They were subsequently committed to the Supreme Court for sentencing. The men were identified as Brian Patrick Grimstrup, a 22-year-old clerk from Petone, and Michael Joseph O'Sullivan, a 20-year-old workman from Naenae. Grimstrup admitted to committing an unnatural offence, attempting the same offence, and aiding and abetting in further incidents. He was represented by Mr G. C. Hogg. O’Sullivan faced more serious allegations, admitting to four counts of committing an unnatural offence, one of aiding and abetting, and two counts of indecent assault on a male, with representation by Mr E. B. Robertson. Additionally, a third individual, Ernest William Johnson-Lee, a 29-year-old carpenter from Taita, pleaded not guilty to charges of indecently assaulting a male and aiding and abetting in an unnatural offence. He was represented by Mr A. G. Keesing. The case against these men emerged after Detective-Sergeant E. G. A. Rippin indicated that O’Sullivan was arrested on 19 October while participating in homosexual offences, which triggered further investigations that implicated others involved in similar activities.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19581101_2_136.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19581101.2.136,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-352468800
4128,08,11,1958,"New Fiction (Press, 8 November 1958)","The news story discusses several novels reviewed in a publication on 8 November 1958. The first is ""Cotton Web"" by Barbara Hunt, a detailed epic novel chronicling the decline of the New England cotton industry during the early 20th century. The narrative vividly portrays the historical context of Fall River, focusing on mill-owners driven by greed, immigrant workers facing wage cuts, and the stringent Puritan morals which harshly condemned any form of sexual laxity. The story revolves around Barnabas Olney, a principled mill owner who, after his son Lucian seduces and abandons Kitty McCarran, an Irish millworker, takes her in after she bears Lucian's child. Barnabas's compassionate act is misinterpreted, leading to his ostracisation by the community, who mistakenly believes him to be the child's father. The portrayal of a range of characters adds depth to the narrative, connecting personal struggles to the broader tapestry of American history. Another novel reviewed is ""Husband For Victoria"" by Vaughan Wilkins, which wraps up a trilogy starting with ""And So—Victoria."" It is noted that the book can stand alone and is celebrated for Wilkins's engaging writing style and extensive historical knowledge. The story opens with Queen Victoria contemplating a marriage proposal to Prince Albert. The narrative then dives back into the intrigues of the Napoleonic era, introducing various characters. However, the plot becomes convoluted, confusing some readers while they attempt to follow the numerous threads, although the mystery surrounding Prince Albert's lineage is intriguing for those keen on detective narratives. The review also touches on ""Later Than You Think"" by M. M. Kaye, set against the backdrop of Kenya. The novel revolves around the murder of Alice Deßrett and features Victoria Caryll, who returns to the family estate to assist in its management. Complications arise due to her past feelings for Eden Deßrett, Alice's husband, creating personal and investigative tensions. The police face challenges as all white suspects are familiar faces, and a native claims that the murder was committed by Alice’s aunt. The plot is filled with red herrings and culminates in a surprising conclusion, making it appealing to crime fiction fans. Lastly, ""No Language But a Cry"" by Lennox Cook is noted for its challenging subject matter, centred on Martin Henley, a homosexual man navigating life in Bangkok while working for a timber firm. His past incarceration for his sexual orientation haunts him, complicating his relationship with Diana, an embassy worker who becomes enamoured with him. The story captures the struggles of Henley as he attempts to connect with Diana while grappling with his unfulfilled affections towards his boss. Although the book offers meticulously drawn characters, it is described as a rather depressing narrative. These reviews highlight a range of themes from societal issues and historical contexts to personal dilemmas, showcasing the literary landscape of the time.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19581108_2_6_3.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19581108.2.6.3,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-351864000
4129,28,11,1958,"Prostitution In Britain (Press, 28 November 1958)","On 26 November 1958, the Home Secretary, Mr R. A. Butler, addressed the House of Commons regarding new proposed laws focusing on prostitution and homosexuality, following his secret tours of London’s vice areas. According to reports, Mr Butler acknowledged the urgent need to improve the situation in London, where he believed prostitution was more severe than in any other British city. He mentioned the distress and fear felt by the community concerning the state of streets in various regions, particularly in areas like the West End, Paddington, and Stepney. Mr Butler’s discussions with top police officers resulted in a call for urgent action from the Cabinet. He planned to present new legislation that would be informed by insights gathered during the parliamentary debate. Key components of the proposed bill included measures aimed at intervention for young individuals entering prostitution, allowing warnings and involvement of special officials to assist in their reform. The legislation sought to empower police by simplifying the process for charging known prostitutes with soliciting, removing the requirement to demonstrate that someone was annoyed by their actions. Furthermore, the proposals included stricter penalties, such as substantial fines and imprisonment for repeated soliciting offences, and an increased maximum penalty from two to five years for men profiting from a woman's immoral earnings. When addressing the subject of homosexuality, Mr Butler recognised the significant portion of the population that firmly opposed such conduct and expressed concern that any legislative shift might suggest approval or tolerance for what they considered a serious moral issue. As a consequence, he asserted that the government deemed it inappropriate at that time to move forward with legislative changes regarding the recommendations of the Wolfenden Committee on homosexuality.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19581128_2_91.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19581128.2.91,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-350136000
4130,28,03,1959,"James Courage's New Novel (Press, 28 March 1959)","In his latest novel ""A Way of Love,"" published by Jonathan Cape in 1959, New Zealand author James Courage explores the complexities of a homosexual relationship with a seriousness and dignity that marks a departure from his earlier works. Previously known for his sensitive portrayals of personal relationships rooted in New Zealand life, Courage now addresses a more controversial theme, presenting a sympathetic study of the challenges faced by homosexual individuals, particularly those striving for integrity in their lives. The narrative revolves around a middle-aged architect living in London, who has come to terms with his homosexuality and navigates life in a largely solitary fashion. His social circle includes other men who share similar experiences, predominantly characterised by isolation or fleeting encounters, illustrating the emotional struggles inherent in their lives. Only one character in his circle, who is married, is portrayed as having sought an alternative resolution to his homosexual identity, albeit unsuccessfully. Courage’s central plot features the architect’s cautious approach to a young man he meets at a concert, whom he instinctively perceives to share his orientation. With great sensitivity, he engages with the young man, attempting to allow him the space to make his own choices about his identity. However, the young man’s inability to fully embrace his nature ultimately results in the architect experiencing yet another abandonment, a poignant testament to the heartache that often accompanies such relationships. Critically, the novel has been described as more of an argument wrapped in a narrative framework, often leading to a tone of boredom due to its focus on the emotional emptiness faced by its characters. While Courage’s observational skills in depicting the nuances of his characters’ speech, attire, and lifestyles are praised, some readers may question the artistic merit of tackling the subject matter in this manner. The novel sidesteps the criminal aspects often associated with homosexual life in urban settings, focusing instead on the honest struggles of men attempting to lead as normal a life as possible amidst societal prejudices. Overall, ""A Way of Love"" is seen as a sincere attempt to foster greater understanding and sympathy for homosexual individuals confronting societal challenges, highlighting the melancholy and complexities of their experiences. While it may not achieve widespread artistic acclaim, its earnest portrayal is likely to resonate with readers and evoke empathy for those navigating the difficult landscape of their identities.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19590328_2_7.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19590328.2.7,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-339768000
4131,20,05,1959,"Fined £20 On Two Charges (Press, 20 May 1959)","On 19 May 1959, a 26-year-old nursing orderly, Barry Charles Saunders, was sentenced in the Magistrate’s Court at Lower Hutt for attempting to send indecent matter through the post. Saunders faced two charges and was fined £10 for each charge by Mr W. S. Spence, S.M., who also ordered the destruction of the indecent materials. During the proceedings, Saunders' defence counsel, Mr E. B. Robertson, argued that his client had been lured into this behaviour by magazines sold in Wellington that deceptively marketed themselves as health and strength publications but included thinly disguised advertisements of a homosexual nature. The court acknowledged that while the letters involved were indeed indecent, the photographs could be considered less so unless linked with the letters. The letters were intended for Australia, where the photographs had originated. This case reflects the societal attitudes towards indecency and homosexuality in New Zealand during the late 1950s.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19590520_2_151.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19590520.2.151,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-335188800
4132,10,06,1959,"Liberace Brings Libel Action (Press, 10 June 1959)","On 9 June 1959, American pianist Liberace, known for his extravagant attire, continued his libel suit against the British newspaper ""Daily Mirror"" and its columnist, William Connor, also known as ""Cassandra."" The case stems from two articles published in 1956, which Liberace claims were malicious and implied that he was homosexual. The ""Daily Mirror"" defended its articles by asserting that the statements were true and represented fair comment. Liberace's counsel, Gilbert Beyfus, Q.C., argued that one article presented an inference that Liberace was a homosexual, citing phrases that described him as “the summit of sex” and “the biggest sentimental vomit of all time.” Liberace strongly denied these allegations while on the witness stand, stating that the claims caused him and his family significant distress, particularly his mother, who was so upset that she left England. During the trial, Liberace shared details about his popularity, including having over 200 fan clubs in America, receiving thousands of letters weekly, and earning an impressive income. He also mentioned how the alleged statements in the newspaper articles led to derogatory shouts from audiences at his performances in the UK. The defence included a claim that Liberace had made a disparaging remark about Princess Margaret in a previous television interview, which was cited as part of the case against him. However, Liberace clarified that his remarks were not intended to be inappropriate. His counsel argued that the articles published by Connor were a personal attack on Liberace's character and reputation, framing him not as a mere entertainer but as a victim of a “literary assassin” whose goal was to damage reputations for sensational readership. As the proceedings continued, it was evident that the case was not just about defamation but also about the broader implications of public perception and personal integrity in the face of public scrutiny. The trial would resume the next day as both parties prepared to continue presenting their arguments.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19590610_2_129.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19590610.2.129,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-333374400
4133,11,06,1959,"Jury To See Films Of Liberace’s Tv Performances (Press, 11 June 1959)","On 10 June 1959, in London, the trial of famous American pianist and entertainer Liberace against the ""Daily Mirror"" and its columnist William Connor commenced its second day in Court. Liberace is suing for libel, alleging that articles published in 1956 had severely damaged his reputation and implied he was a homosexual. During the proceedings, it was suggested that the jury might view films of Liberace’s television performances to determine the nature of his act—whether it was suggestive or not. In his testimony, Liberace continued to assert that the articles had attacked his morals and led to significant personal distress, including the illness of his mother. He is seeking unspecified damages for the contents of the articles, which he claims were malicious in intent. The defendants argue that the statements made were true and constituted fair commentary, prompting Liberace to rebut their claims vigorously. The spectator gallery remained crowded, predominantly with female attendees. Liberace reacted strongly when a song about him, performed by comedian Jimmy Thompson, was presented to the jury. The lyrics playfully suggested his correspondence was mainly from women seeking his affection. Liberace claimed to have been unaware of the song's suggestive nature and expressed shock at its portrayal of him. During questioning, Liberace denied any intent to exploit sex appeal in his performances and rejected claims that he had engaged in any deceptive practices regarding his persona. He addressed accusations regarding his public image, asserting, ""I have never considered myself as a sex-appeal artist."" Responses regarding his grooming habits included using after-shave and deodorants, but no perfumes, affirming that his appeal was not based on sexuality but on his talent and connection with audiences. Throughout the inquiry, Liberace emphasised the emotional impact of the articles on his life and career, indicating a broader narrative of public perception surrounding his image. He referenced how the implications of the articles caused anguish and mockery, stating it had taken a toll not only on him but also on those close to him. As the hearing continued, the nature of his presentations came under scrutiny, including a performance that featured a nun and a child, which he attributed to audience enjoyment rather than any sexual connotation. Liberace expressed admiration for entertainment icons like Marilyn Monroe but declined to compare himself to them. The legal proceedings drew considerable media attention, highlighting cultural tensions surrounding celebrity, sexuality, and the boundaries of public comment. The lawyer for the defendants sought to undermine Liberace's claims by paralleling his performances with established norms of entertainment while Liberace stood firm in his denial of the allegations against him, firmly positioning the trial as not just a personal matter but a fight for his reputation. The case was set to resume the following day, with no details revealed about the amount of damages being sought in the trial, a procedural nuance due to the differing legal standards in England compared to New Zealand.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19590611_2_94.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19590611.2.94,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-333288000
4134,13,06,1959,"“Cassandra"" Denies Inference In Article (Press, 13 June 1959)","On 12 June 1959, the jury in the libel case brought by the famous American entertainer Liberace against the ""Daily Mirror"" was instructed by High Court Judge Mr Justice Salmon not to watch Liberace's scheduled television performance on ""Sunday Night at the London Palladium."" The judge expressed concern that viewing the programme could lead the jury to form a biased impression regarding the case. Liberace is suing the newspaper and its columnist ""Cassandra,"" whose real name is William Connor, for damages over two articles written during Liberace's 1956 tour of England, which he claims libelled him by implying he was homosexual. Liberace has firmly denied these allegations. In court, Connor and the ""Daily Mirror"" defended their articles by stating that their assertions were true and their opinions were fair comment. During the day’s proceedings, Connor underwent an intense five-hour cross-examination from Liberace's legal representative, Mr Gilbert Beyfus QC. Connor, reportedly one of Fleet Street's highest-paid columnists, expressed his disdain for Liberace’s performances, calling them nauseating, but insisted that he never intended to suggest that Liberace was homosexual. He maintained that his critique was an honest opinion, focused more on what he perceived as theatrical excess rather than the entertainer's sexuality. Connor also objected to the portrayal of religious themes in Liberace's shows, particularly a performance where a woman dressed as a nun appeared in front of the Madonna, calling it a misuse of a sacred occasion. He noted that he found Liberace's appeal to audiences was unique, likening it to a totalitarian draw that could captivate diverse crowds, even in challenging venues like Madison Square Garden in New York. The court session delved into Connor's word choices, particularly regarding the use of slang terms. When questioned about the slang term ""fruit,"" which is associated with homosexuality and had appeared in his writings, Connor responded that he had been unaware of its connotation in the United States, stating it had surprised him. He clarified that his remarks about Liberace being a ""grimacing messiah"" stemmed from his honest opinion rather than an intention to signal something derogatory regarding the entertainer's character. The proceedings highlight the intersection of public opinion, media portrayal, and the personal ramifications of such representations, with Liberace vehemently defending his reputation while Connor navigated the complexities of his journalistic expressions. The case reflects larger societal themes of the time regarding sexuality and the impact of media commentary. The court adjourned until the following morning.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19590613_2_122.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19590613.2.122,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-333115200
4135,17,06,1959,"Liberace’s Libel Action Enters Last Stages (Press, 17 June 1959)","Liberace's libel case against the ""Daily Mirror"" and its columnist William Connor, known as ""Cassandra,"" is nearing conclusion as of 15 June 1959. The case is being presented to a jury with Mr Gerald Gardiner, Q.C., representing the ""Daily Mirror"" while Liberace’s counsel, Mr Gilbert Beyfus, Q.C., is expected to request not just compensatory damages but also punitive damages against the newspaper. Liberace is alleging that two articles published during his 1956 tour of England defamed him, claiming they suggested he was homosexual. The defence maintains that the articles were a truthful and fair commentary with no such implication. One contentious detail was highlighted in court where it was noted that Liberace's home contained 200 items designed in the likeness of a piano, including ashtrays, cushions, and coffee tables. Donald Zee, a writer for the ""Daily Mirror,"" described his visit to Liberace's Hollywood residence, expressing a mix of admiration for Liberace's musical talent and bemusement at his flamboyant behaviour. He recounted that while Liberace's performances sometimes felt excessive or ""nauseating,"" he still found him to be a congenial host. Interestingly, Zee explained that there were only two actual pianos in Liberace's home, contrasting with the multitude of piano-themed decorations throughout the house, even extending to the bedroom and bathroom. At a news conference in Cherbourg, Liberace was described as adorned with an excessive amount of jewellery featuring piano motifs and heavily perfumed. During his visit, Zee recalled sharing a playful moment with Liberace, where they both played the initial notes of ""Rustle of Spring"" at separate pianos. Zee was surprised by Liberace's graciousness when he expressed gratitude for a satirical piece Zee had written about his visit, an act that suggested to Zee that Liberace valued publicity over his personal feelings or, alternatively, had not read the article at all. Hugh Cudlipp, the editorial director of the ""Daily Mirror,"" characterised Connor as a brilliant and sometimes fierce journalist, acknowledging his formidable nature in debates. As the case reaches its climax, the jury's forthcoming decision will hinge on the interpretations of the articles' content and how it relates to the claims of defamation.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19590617_2_123.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19590617.2.123,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-332769600
4136,18,06,1959,"Liberace Said To Have ‘bee In Bonnet” (Press, 18 June 1959)","On 18 June 1959, the High Court in London prepared to deliver a verdict in the libel case brought by American pianist Liberace against the ""Daily Mirror"" and its columnist, William Connor, known by the pen name ""Cassandra."" This marked the conclusion of a six-day trial, with Mr Justice Salmon finishing his summation, expected to last about another hour. Liberace accused the ""Daily Mirror"" of libelling him in an article from September 1956, which he claimed suggested he was homosexual. In his closing arguments, Gerald Gardiner, Q.C. for the newspaper, suggested that Liberace was overly sensitive about allegations concerning his sexuality, stating that he seemed to have a ""bee in his bonnet"" regarding such accusations. On the other hand, Gilbert Beyfus, Q.C. representing Liberace, characterised the ""Daily Mirror"" as aggressively sensationalist, labelling it as “vicious and violent; venomous and vindicative.” Beyfus urged the jury to make a significant damages award to discourage the newspaper's sensationalist practices, arguing for consequences that would impact its financial considerations. Justice Salmon highlighted the importance of fair comment and the rights of individuals to express their opinions robustly. He directed the jury to determine whether Connor sincerely held the views he expressed in his articles. The jury faced five specific questions relating to the meanings of the words used in the articles, including whether they implied that Liberace was homosexual, whether those words were true or fair comment, and if they constituted grounds for damages. The judge noted that Liberace had to convince the jury that the ordinary person would interpret Connor's words as indicating he was homosexual. While some more charged phrases could be disregarded, the jury needed to assess the overall meaning of the language used in the articles. In other news on the same day, significant diplomatic discussions were taking place in Athens regarding missile bases and the defence of the Balkan region, with talks between Greek officials and Jugoslav Foreign Minister Koca Popovic. This meeting coincided with growing tensions stemming from a Soviet push for an atomic-free zone in the Balkans amidst concerns about the siting of American rocket bases in neighbouring countries. Additionally, an editorial in Vatican City praised Queen Elizabeth II for appointing a Ghanaian officer, Major Joseph Edward Michel, as a royal equerry, highlighting the significance of this decision against the backdrop of ongoing racial tensions arising from a recent murder incident involving individuals of African descent in London. The editorial noted that the Queen's appointment provided a positive example amidst these issues.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19590618_2_89.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19590618.2.89,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-332683200
4137,19,06,1959,"£8000 Damages To Liberace (Press, 19 June 1959)","On 17 June 1959, American pianist Liberace won a libel case against the British newspaper “Daily Mirror” and its columnist “Cassandra” (William Connor), receiving £8000 in damages along with costs. The verdict was reached by a jury of ten men and two women, who determined that Connor had implied in his writings that Liberace was a homosexual. However, they found in favour of Connor regarding a second article which was deemed fair comment, awarding costs to the newspaper. A notable incident during the trial involved a female juror, identified as Mrs Friend, who reportedly winked and smiled at Liberace just before the jury announced their verdict. Upon reflection, she acknowledged her excitement about the case and her admiration for Liberace, admitting she didn't consciously intend to communicate with him. Following the verdict, there were reports of her having tea at the Savoy Hotel, where Liberace was also staying. When Liberace performed at the Chiswick Empire Theatre later that day, he was met with enthusiastic applause and cheers from a supportive audience. Expressing his gratitude, he remarked on the fairness of English justice, reinforcing his positive feelings after the jury's decision. He also made light-hearted comments during his performance, responding to an audience's cheeky invitation for him to join them. In related news, on 18 June 1959, a tragic fire at the old Woodbine racecourse in Toronto resulted in the deaths of at least five racehorses. The flames engulfed the stable area, sparking chaos as many horses fled to safety. The old racecourse was housing approximately 200 horses for a meeting at the new Woodbine track located in suburban Malton.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19590619_2_101.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19590619.2.101,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-332596800
4138,20,06,1959,"New Fiction (Press, 20 June 1959)","On 20 June 1959, several notable books were reviewed, offering a glimpse into diverse narratives and character portrayals. The first book is ""Collins"" by John P. Marquand, a novel that focuses on Thomas Arrow, a New York playwright who, despite his material success, struggles to find true happiness. Marquand presents Arrow as a kind and compassionate character, whose troubles stem from his selflessness. The pacing of the story is leisurely until reaching a powerful climax that solidifies Arrow’s journey to self-awareness and manhood. Next is ""Mademoiselle B."" by Nancy Pearson, a sensitive tale set in a French girls' school, depicting a significant friendship between an eighteen-year-old student and a mysterious staff member. The story takes a turn when secrets of Mademoiselle B.'s past reveal the complexities of her emotions, leading to a tragic rejection by the girl, who grapples with an unexpected homosexual undertone in their bond. ""Sammy Anderson, Commercial Traveller"" by H. D. Williamson features a commercial traveller in Sydney, presenting not just Sammy's story but those of his fellow travellers as well. Williamson portrays rural New South Wales' way of life with perceptive and vivid storytelling, showcasing a rich array of human experiences seldom highlighted in literature. In ""The World of Henry Orient,"" debut author Nora Johnson adeptly captures the inner lives of young girls at a New York school. The friendship between talented musician Valerie and sincere classmate Marian evolves amidst personal challenges, including Valerie's unstable family life and the complexities of adolescent relationships, culminating in a poignant exploration of youth. ""Goldfinger"" by Ian Fleming brings back James Bond in another adventure, this time facing Auric Goldfinger, a character with a pathological obsession with gold. The novel's mix of cynicism and thrilling escapism captivates, although some critics feel it stretches credibility too far during its climactic raid on Fort Knox, raising concerns about the believability of the plot. Leslie Blight’s ""The Stone Pigeon"" presents a raw narrative set in rural Worcestershire, where family dynamics and the repercussions of war are explored through the lens of old Meredith’s damaging legacy. The story delves into themes of mental illness and the nuances of rural life, enriched by its detailed character portrayals. In ""The Hellbuster,"" Frank Bruno offers a glimpse into early New Zealand's violent past, characterised by coarse storytelling that eschews introspection. Bruno’s narrative unfolds in 1843, presenting a gritty tale of survival and moral complexities as characters navigate a rough colonial environment, showcasing both violent actions and the harshness of early settler life. Finally, Ronald Fraser’s ""Jupiter in The Chair"" attempts to merge science fiction with comedy, exploring an interplanetary conference at Abbotsfield. Despite its ambitious premise, the narrative is critiqued for being confusing and hard to follow for new readers unfamiliar with Fraser’s earlier works, struggling to blend whimsy with complex themes. Overall, these works reflect diverse human experiences and the authors’ unique narrative styles, each contributing to a rich tapestry of storytelling in the literary world of 1959.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19590620_2_6_1.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19590620.2.6.1,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-332510400
4139,23,06,1959,"Homosexual Law Reform Society Appeals For World... (Press, 23 June 1959)","On 23 June 1959, the Homosexual Law Reform Society in London, led by the Rev. A. Hallidie Smith, issued an appeal for global support regarding the implementation of the recommendations from the Wolfenden Report. This report proposed that consensual homosexual acts between adults in private should not be classified as a criminal offence. The society contends that this issue warrants attention from thoughtful individuals around the world, prompting them to reach out to nearly 100 significant newspapers and periodicals for assistance. In the letter, Mr Smith highlighted the growing concerns in Great Britain over the strict laws governing homosexual behaviour. Under current legislation, homosexual acts can incur penalties of up to life imprisonment, although this maximum sentence is rarely enforced. However, the existence of such severe laws often results in disproportionately harsh sentencing for those prosecuted. The Wolfenden committee, set up by the Government and headed by Sir John Wolfenden, recommended reforms back in 1957. Their proposals received substantial backing, including support from the Archbishops of Canterbury and York, various church assemblies, the Church of England’s Moral Welfare Council, and even a Roman Catholic advisory committee. Additionally, many prominent newspapers and individuals across different sectors supported the reforms. Despite this widespread endorsement, the government has yet to take legislative action aligned with the committee's recommendations. The letter also notes the ongoing issue of prosecutions for consensual homosexual acts among adults, indicating that there has been no decrease in such cases despite public backing for reform. The Homosexual Law Reform Society, established in May 1958, aims to advocate for the Wolfenden proposals and believes the current laws are unjust and excessively harsh. The society is actively working to raise awareness through letters to the press, communication with Parliament members, and the distribution of informational materials to the public. They argue that their efforts will help alleviate unnecessary suffering and open up avenues for productive discussion and research on this challenging topic. The organisation is seeking support, both financial and otherwise, from those who resonate with their cause, which they regard as a fundamental matter of justice.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19590623_2_50.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19590623.2.50,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-332251200
7710,15,07,1959,"“undesirable Characters"" (Press, 15 July 1959)","On 13 July 1959, a discussion on the BBC television programme ""Brains Trust"" led to criticism of the Apostle St. Paul, with claims that he held undesirable views, particularly regarding sexuality. This commentary was made by Sir Ifor Evans, the Provost of University College, London, who asserted that St. Paul viewed sex as inherently evil and sexual desires as dreadful—a perspective he contrasted with that of Christ. The topic arose in the context of a recent ruling by Cardinal Deniel, the 83-year-old Primate of Spain, who deemed it inappropriate for engaged couples to display affection by walking arm-in-arm or to participate in mixed bathing. During the programme, Sir Ifor’s views were echoed by Dr. Leslie Weatherhead, another panel member, who suggested that St. Paul’s attitudes towards women warranted psychiatric treatment. In conclusion, the question master, Sir John Wolfenden, speculated that St. Paul could be seen as the archetypical puritan, implying that Cardinal Deniel’s stances might align with such puritanical views. This discussion reflects a broader critique of historical religious figures and their influence on contemporary attitudes toward sexuality and gender relations.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19590715_2_66.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19590715.2.66,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-330350400
4140,12,08,1959,"Casement Diaries Made Public (Press, 12 August 1959)","On 11 August 1959, the ""Daily Telegraph"" reported on a significant historical revelation regarding the ""Casement diaries,"" which had remained a source of controversy since their emergence following Sir Roger Casement's execution for treason in 1916. An 81-year-old former British naval intelligence officer, Captain C. P. Walcott, shared details of a secret mission he undertook to the United States during the First World War to publicise these diaries. This disclosure coincided with the British government's recent decision to allow the diaries, which had previously been banned, to be inspected by scholars and authors. Casement, who had occupied notable positions in the British consular service, was associated with allegations of treason, primarily due to his efforts to persuade Irishmen among British POWs in Germany to form an ""Irish brigade"" against England. His diaries contain explicit accounts of homosexual conduct, which have led some to speculate that they may be forgeries created by the British government to tarnish his reputation among Irish Americans, who were a vocal group critical of the British during the trial. Captain Walcott recounted his involvement under Admiral Sir Reginald Hall, the Chief of Naval Intelligence. He detailed how he was given £20 million worth of bonds to deliver to the American banker J.P. Morgan in New York. Once in the United States, he handed the diaries over to Admiral Sir Guy Gaunt, the Naval Attaché in Washington. The diaries consist of three volumes and two notebooks, documenting Casement’s life from February 1903 to December 1911. They include elaborate descriptions of homosexual acts, particularly highlighting a pattern in the later diaries, which raised questions about the authenticity of their content. MP Montgomery Hyde and journalist Rene Mac Coll, both of whom have written about Casement, have been granted access to the documents for study but have criticized the lack of permission for further authentication processes, such as photographing pages or conducting ultra-violet tests. The Home Secretary at the time, Mr. Butler, expressed that the diaries were of historical interest and believed them to be authentic, despite the ongoing debate surrounding their content. While the entries largely reference Casement’s interest in Ireland and contain no direct links to treasonous activities, their salacious nature and frequency of described homosexual encounters led Hyde to question whether they were genuine experiences or the product of a potentially disturbed mind. The discussion around the diaries remains complex, with their release opening a new chapter in the understanding of both Casement’s life and the historical context of his actions.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19590812_2_96.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19590812.2.96,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-327931200
4141,29,08,1959,"Parliament Important Changes In Crimes Bill (Press, 29 August 1959)","On 28 August 1959, the House of Representatives in Wellington saw the introduction of a comprehensive Crimes Bill comprising 424 clauses. This bill aims to consolidate and amend the Crimes Act of 1908, reflecting significant revisions to New Zealand's criminal code. Initially presented in 1957, the bill did not progress at that time. The existing legal framework dates back to the Criminal Code Act of 1893, which was influenced by an English code from 1879 but was never adopted in England itself. A major aspect of the new bill is its revision of penalties, striving for a more equitable balance between crimes against people and property. Notably, the death penalty for murder has been abolished, replaced by a mandatory life imprisonment sentence. Life sentences for other offences have been removed, with a maximum determinate sentence of 14 years established for various crimes. However, the courts retain the authority to impose unlimited preventive detention for repeat sexual offenders. The bill introduces provisions that bars conviction for crimes pertaining to United Kingdom statutes unless equivalent laws are included within the bill itself. Additionally, it establishes several new crimes such as communicating secrets, sabotage related to defence, exploitation of prostitutes, and several forms of violence, including kidnapping and cruelty to children. Several outdated offences are abolished, including those addressing piracy and libelling foreign sovereigns. Current bribery laws are extended to cover a broader range of public officials. The bill also strengthens the penalties for crimes against children, while introducing new provisions to handle sexual offences that don't constitute technical assaults. In terms of homicide laws, the bill notably revises provocation definitions and introduces the concept of diminished responsibility, allowing certain murder charges to be reduced to manslaughter. The crime of infanticide with lesser penalties is also established. False pretences are addressed under the new legislation, focusing on promises made with no intent to perform. Criminal damage laws are adjusted to eliminate offences against property jointly owned, unless with fraudulent intent. In matters of contempt of court, the legislation creates a right of appeal against sentences and convictions. Attempted suicide is decriminalised, with plans to develop provisions under health legislation for those at risk of suicide. The bill clarifies the jurisdictional reach concerning offences committed outside New Zealand, distinguishing exceptions involving serious infractions such as treason or piracy. Furthermore, it expands jurisdiction to include indictable offences committed on ships and aircraft by New Zealand residents, regardless of their citizenship. This extensive overhaul reflects a pivotal shift in New Zealand's legal landscape, aiming for a more modern, equitable approach to its criminal justice system.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19590829_2_154.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19590829.2.154,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-326462400
4142,10,09,1959,"Casement Diaries Believed Genuine (Press, 10 September 1959)","On 10 September 1959, Bu H. Montgomery Hyde, M.P., provided a significant update regarding the notorious Black Diaries of Sir Roger Casement, a historical figure known for his complex legacy. Montgomery Hyde, who had campaigned for years to confirm the existence and authenticity of these diaries, was the first person outside government officials to review the documents since they had been under Home Office control. The backstory reveals that Casement, an Irish nationalist and former British consul, had a distinguished career before he was implicated in treason for his role in seeking German support for an Irish uprising during World War I. Upon his capture in 1916, following a landing from a German submarine, Casement was tried and executed, with his diaries reportedly detailing his homosexual practices and personal thoughts, which were considered scandalous at the time. The diaries were kept in the so-called ""Black Museum"" of Scotland Yard and were finally acknowledged by the government earlier in 1959 when the Home Secretary publicly confirmed their existence. This confirmed long-held suspicions that they had been hidden away following Casement's trial, and it was decided to deposit the originals in the Public Records Office for historians to access, provided they had legitimate scholarly reasons. Montgomery Hyde meticulously examined the five volumes of the diaries, which included Diana personal accounts, a cash ledger highlighting his financial dealings, and various observations that addressed social issues of the time, including his commentary on the treatment of homosexuality in society. The diaries recorded a significant escalation in Casement's same-sex encounters over the years, which Montgomery Hyde noted spanned hundreds of references by 1911. While the diaries were not used in the original treason trial, their implications have long stirred controversy. Hyde highlighted that influential individuals circulated selected pages of the diaries to undermine any attempts at gaining a reprieve for Casement, which further complicated his posthumous reputation, particularly in Ireland and the United States where he is viewed as a patriot rather than a traitor. Additional experts, including politicians like Michael Collins, later confirmed the handwriting in the diaries matched Casement’s known writing. Despite this, doubts remain among some factions about the diaries' authenticity, particularly regarding their content. Hyde called attention to the need for scientific examination to fully ascertain their legitimacy and hoped that determining the diaries' authenticity could finally put to rest longstanding debates about Casement's character and the actions of those who managed the diaries in the years following his death. Overall, the revelation of the diaries being accessible for examination represented not only a significant moment in understanding Sir Roger Casement's life and identity but also a step toward re-evaluating narratives surrounding one of Ireland’s controversial historical figures.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19590910_2_212.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19590910.2.212,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-325425600
7621,23,09,1959,"Penalties In Crimes Bill (Press, 23 September 1959)","On 22 September 1959, in Auckland, the president of the Holy Name Society, Mr. W. S. Otto, expressed grave concerns from Catholic men regarding certain provisions of the Crimes Bill currently under consideration in Parliament. While he acknowledged the legislators’ intent to increase penalties for specific offences against morality and public welfare, he highlighted that the bill proposed to reduce penalties related to acts of sodomy and bestiality, which he deemed abhorrent. Mr. Otto articulated that this move would be seen as an affront to Christian values, particularly by parents of teenagers. He argued that the proposed changes would weaken, rather than strengthen, the moral fabric of society. He firmly asserted that there could be no justification for accepting what he characterised as unnatural practices that violate God's natural law. Furthermore, Mr. Otto urged members of Parliament from both political parties to reject these elements of the Crimes Bill, arguing that they would lead to societal degradation. He also called for support of a newly introduced bill aimed at removing a clause in the Education Act that seemingly made Christian instruction in state schools illegal. He insisted that every New Zealand child has the right to a foundation in Christian doctrine, which he regarded as essential and a birthright that parents should advocate for.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19590923_2_21.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19590923.2.21,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-324302400
7622,24,09,1959,"Parliament Crimes Bill Referred To House Committee (Press, 24 September 1959)","On 23 September 1959, Prime Minister Mr. Nash successfully secured the House of Representatives' agreement to grant a second reading of the Crimes Bill without debate, allowing it to proceed directly to the Statutes Revision Committee. This move indicated the likelihood of a redraft of the bill, particularly regarding certain contentious clauses—most notably those related to sodomy and possibly capital punishment. Outside Parliament, Minister of Justice Mr. Mason clarified that the current draft of the Crimes Bill does not legalise sodomy between consenting adults, as some had suggested. He stated that provisions would be revised to eliminate any potential misinterpretations, insisting that the previous laws would remain untouched and punishable by a prison term of up to three years for related offences. In a separate discussion within the House, Mr. D. C. Seath, representing the Opposition, raised concerns about the Land and Income Tax Amendment Bill. He argued that the bill grants excessive discretion to the Commissioner of Inland Revenue, without providing taxpayers the right to appeal against decisions, potentially leaving individuals without recourse to challenge the commissioner's determinations. Seath emphasised that this could unfairly restrict taxpayers who deserve the opportunity to present their cases to higher authorities. Additionally, Mr. W. W. Freer brought the Minister of Labour's attention to a plan by the Fletcher Organisation aimed at constructing a leasehold and development scheme for factory premises in Auckland and Christchurch. Freer inquired whether existing Labour legislation would allow for the inclusion of shared facilities, such as communal cafeterias and medical clinics, intended for use by multiple tenants, similar to arrangements in Scotland. He urged Mr. Hackett to consider adjusting the legislation to facilitate the implementation of such services, potentially lowering capital costs for establishing small industrial sites.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19590924_2_115.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19590924.2.115,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-324216000
4143,28,09,1959,"The Press Monday, September 28, 1959. Discussing... (Press, 28 September 1959)","On 28 September 1959, ""The Press"" reported on the complexities surrounding the Crimes Bill, which aimed to consolidate and revise New Zealand's criminal law. This extensive bill had been in development for almost four years, and after its introduction by the National Party Government in 1957, it was set aside for further consideration. Following a change in government, Sir George Finlay, a senior judge, was appointed to review the bill, consulting with various legal and medical experts. The revised version included a controversial clause stating that no person over 21 would be prosecuted for sodomy if both parties consented and were of age. Some interpreted this amendment as a potential legalisation of consensual sexual acts between adults. However, Attorney-General Mr Mason clarified that the bill did not legalise sodomy, as indecent assault between males remained a prosecutable offence, albeit with a reduced maximum penalty from five years to three. Critics argued that labelling particular homosexual acts as ""indecency"" rather than ""sodomy"" signified a decline in moral values. In response to mounting criticism, Mr Mason agreed to amend the provisions in question, asserting the need for clarity in the legislation to prevent misinterpretation. The matter became contentious, with Prime Minister expressing concern regarding public debate surrounding certain clauses. He suggested some issues might be better discussed away from the public eye to avoid confusion, especially as New Zealand's parliamentary sessions are broadcasted. This raised questions about the appropriateness of public discussion on homosexuality, contrasting with how the British Parliament addressed similar issues following the Wolfenden Report. The newspaper underscored the necessity for the New Zealand Parliament to ensure that laws reflect current medical, social, and legal perspectives. It also noted the dilemma posed by broadcasting debates, emphasizing the importance of discussing sensitive topics like homosexuality in a responsible manner, potentially before a more limited audience. Ultimately, the article stressed that Parliament must engage with these discussions to promote understanding, despite concerns about misinterpretations and the potential impact on younger listeners.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19590928_2_64.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19590928.2.64,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-323870400
4144,26,10,1959,"The Press Monday, October 26, 1959. Parliamentary... (Press, 26 October 1959)","On 26 October 1959, The Press reported on the recent conclusion of a notably quiet session in the House of Representatives. This session was marked by its lack of controversy, primarily due to the limited amount of contentious legislation to discuss, aside from the Budget. The House predominantly functioned as a review body, scrutinising and refining government-sponsored legislation. Towards the end of the session, two bills introduced did stir potential debate; however, the Government opted to withdraw these proposals. This decision was not made to sidestep controversy but rather to expedite the session’s conclusion, as Prime Minister Mr Nash prioritised finishing the session over passing the bills. This action raised concerns about Mr Nash's commitment to the legislations that his party had initially supported, especially after the considerable effort that went into drafting and introducing them. Another contributing factor to the session’s tranquillity was the members’ resolve to avoid the inappropriate behaviour that had characterised the previous session. Last year, the House’s late hours often reached nearly 43 hours post-midnight, while this year, members sat for only 17 minutes after midnight. The pace was so controlled that the leader of the House never found it necessary to call for the closure of debate. Despite the peaceful atmosphere, the session was not devoid of productivity; 107 bills were passed, multiple public issues were discussed, and over 50 petitions were received. Nonetheless, the session fell short of the vigorous workflow typically expected in a three-year Parliament. One notable failure was the shelving of the important Crimes Bill, which aimed to modernise criminal law but had already faced two years of delays. Of particular concern were provisions about homosexual practices within the revised bill that prompted further consideration from specific interest groups. The report also highlighted a broader issue regarding the scheduling of Parliamentary sessions. With the General Assembly of the United Nations commencing around this time each year, there is a growing need for New Zealand's Parliament to align its timetable to accommodate international commitments. The suggestion was made that sessions could just as easily commence in February instead of the customary June or July. This adjustment could prevent future sessions from being cut short to allow Ministers attendance at significant global conferences.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19591026_2_69.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19591026.2.69,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-321451200
4145,21,11,1959,"Miscellany (Press, 21 November 1959)","Published on 21 November 1959, the review discusses a series of books that offer valuable insights into various subjects. The first, ""Ourselves Today"" by Oliver Duff, presents two lectures delivered at the University of Otago in July 1957. Duff, a renowned columnist for the ""New Zealand Listener"" under the name ""Sundowner,"" reflects on the daily lives of many New Zealanders, particularly those involved in the cow-milking routine. He suggests that such a lifestyle impacts individuals significantly, even proposing that ""cows are civilising agents,"" lending a philosophical angle to animal husbandry. Next is ""Advocates of the Golden Age"" by Lewis Broad, which posits that the first 20 years of the 20th century constituted a golden era of legal advocacy in English courts. Broad explores the lives and contributions of four prominent figures: Edward Marshall Hall, Edward Carson, Rufus Isaacs, and F. E. Smith, offering abridged biographies that effectively capture their significance, legal prowess, and notable cases. The book serves as an excellent introduction to these lawyers for readers unfamiliar with their legacies. Dr. Eustace Chesser's ""Odd Man Out: Homosexuality in Men and Women"" examines societal attitudes toward homosexuality, criticising the inconsistencies and irrationalities inherent in these views. Although Dr. Chesser attempts to dispel common myths about homosexuality, some critics argue he relies too heavily on psychoanalytic theory, potentially introducing new misconceptions while challenging older ones. The reviewer suggests that a more thoughtful, nuanced approach would better serve the discussion of this sensitive topic. ""The Double Dealers: Adventures in Grand Deception,"" compiled by Alexander Klein, is a collection of 60 short stories recounting real-life practical jokes, hoaxes, and frauds. While primarily set in the United States, the tales span various eras and contexts, from espionage during the Civil War to modern-day confidence schemes. The intent of the collection is to entertain, and Klein achieves that objective, illustrating the lengths to which deceivers go and the gullibility of their victims. Each story offers a bite-sized reading experience, making it a fitting before-bed diversion. Lastly, ""When Cobb and Co. was King"" by B. Will Lawson continues to enchant readers with tales from 1860s Australia, focusing on an 18-year-old named Buster White who becomes a coach driver for Cobb and Company. His journey is filled with adventure, including encounters with bushrangers and a romantic subplot culminating in a marriage to a widow after a dramatic confrontation. Though the story lacks complexity in plot and characterisation, its charm lies in its nostalgic portrayal of coach travel during a vibrant historical period. These works collectively provide a rich tapestry of thought, reflection, and amusement, appealing to a variety of readers with diverse interests.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19591121_2_15.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19591121.2.15,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-319204800
4146,07,12,1959,"Czech Priest Imprisoned (Press, 7 December 1959)","On 5 December 1959, it was reported that a Roman Catholic priest from Czechoslovakia, Vojtech Zabransky, has been sentenced to three years in prison for allegedly conspiring against the state. The 39-year-old priest, who served in Rohatec, Moravia, had delivered sermons condemning the prevalence of untruths in various aspects of life, including politics, art, and science. His comments were perceived as a threat by the authorities, and he was charged not only for his political views but also for alleged homosexual practices. Zabransky reportedly expressed to a Communist People's Court Judge his belief that a war would result in a victory for the West, leading to the restoration of capitalist order in Czechoslovakia, which would, in turn, allow for greater freedom for both the Church and humanity. His views resonated with local farmers, many of whom regarded him as “almost a saint.” He was influential in discouraging them from joining Communist collective farms, further aggravating his situation in the eyes of the regime. The case highlights the tense atmosphere in Czechoslovakia during this period, where dissent against the Communist government was met with severe punishments. Zabransky's sentencing underscores the dangers faced by individuals expressing opposition to the ruling authorities and serves as an example of the ongoing struggles between religious expression and state control in Eastern Europe at the time.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19591207_2_112.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19591207.2.112,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-317822400
4147,24,12,1959,"Dr Fisher Clarifies Remarks On Adultery (Press, 24 December 1959)","On 24 December 1959, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Geoffrey Fisher, clarified his recent comments regarding adultery following some misleading press coverage. During a diocesan conference in November, he called for strong legislation to combat issues such as betting and prostitution, and he notably suggested that adultery should be treated as a criminal offence. In his January diocesan letter, he attempted to elucidate his stance, emphasising the distinction he believes exists between sinful actions and criminal offences. Dr. Fisher stated that the State determines what constitutes a criminal act, which must align with public sentiment to a certain degree. He reflected on the challenges faced by the State in defining the boundaries between legal, illegal, and merely socially undesirable behaviour, placing adultery among these complexities alongside some homosexual offences and prostitution. Dr. Fisher recounted that his remarks on adultery at the conference were brief, mentioning the views of Bishop Hensley Henson, who supports characterising adultery as a crime due to its severe social implications. He argued that adultery inflicts significant damage on public welfare, contributing to broken homes and adversely affecting the children of such marriages. He posed rhetorical questions aimed at generating public discourse, such as whether society considers adultery a growing public menace worthy of criminal status. Dr. Fisher also touched on the changing public attitudes towards adultery, pointing out that what was once condemned is now often overlooked. He prompted readers to consider the societal harm caused when a third party disrupts a marriage, inflicting injury on the institution of marriage itself. Overall, Dr. Fisher's comments stirred various reactions as he urged for a thoughtful examination of the implications of adultery on society, raising questions about the responsibility of the community and the church in addressing this issue. His remarks were intended to provoke reflection rather than to incite immediate legislative action.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19591224_2_86.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19591224.2.86,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-316353600
4148,28,12,1959,"“Problem Plays” (Press, 28 December 1959)","Mr Ben Fuller, a veteran in the entertainment industry, expressed his concerns about the state of live theatre in America and England during his visit to Sydney on December 27, 1959. He stated that the focus on sex, swearing, and problem-oriented plays was undermining the essence of theatre, which he believes should primarily be about entertainment. Having recently returned from London on the liner Oronsay, Mr Fuller conveyed his dismay after observing over 40 plays across New York and London. He noted that approximately 40 per cent of these productions placed undue emphasis on themes of sexuality and social issues, leading to a theatrical trend he described as akin to a ""garbage can."" He argued that the overarching tone of these performances was more depressing than entertaining, which is contrary to what audiences seek when attending live shows. Fuller stated that theatre-goers typically look for relaxation and enjoyment during their theatre visits rather than being confronted with heavy topics like racial issues or LGBTQ+ themes. With four decades of experience in show business, he asserted that while he does not consider himself a prude, the current trajectory of theatre was alarming. His comments reflect a broader concern about the changing landscape of live performance and underscore a desire to refocus theatre on its fundamental role as a source of entertainment.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19591228_2_59.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19591228.2.59,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-316008000
4149,06,02,1960,"An Austrian Traitor (Press, 6 February 1960)","The Panther's Feast by Robert Asprey is a detailed examination of Alfred Redl, a man considered one of modern Europe's substantial traitors. Asprey, an American intelligence officer, was inspired to investigate Redl's life despite there being no significant repercussions for the United States. Born in Austria into the family of a railway clerk in the late 19th century, Redl was the only one of 14 siblings to attain notoriety, which ultimately led to his infamy. His early life was marred by a troubled upbringing, and he entered Karthaus cadet school at 17, where he was influenced negatively by his peers, leading to his development of perverse sexual tendencies. Redl adhered to a strict ambition and, combined with his intellectual brilliance and exemplary conduct, he ascended to the rank of colonel in the Austrian Army and eventually became deputy chief of the Intelligence Bureau. His vulnerability to manipulation was recognised by Colonel Batjuschin, head of the Russian espionage service, who monitored Redl's career in hopes of using his financial difficulties against him. Twelve years later, Batjuschin confronted Redl with evidence of his indiscretions and coerced him into espionage for Russia, leading to a bizarre arrangement where both would offer up their respective spies for exposure. Redl’s exceptional reputation soared as he frequently testified against these individuals, earning high accolades in the process. However, his downfall was prompted by his obsession with a young officer, Stefan Hromodka, which ultimately exposed his espionage activities. In May 1913, Redl was discovered with large sums of money meant for spying, and his colleagues, shocked by the betrayal, provided him with a pistol to end his life. His self-inflicted death had severe implications for the Austrian High Command, inflicting shame on the emperor and triggering harsh criticisms from Archduke Francis Ferdinand, particularly because Redl’s betrayal contributed to the military defeats against Russia. The Archduke’s assassination a year later set off the First World War, and many attributed the disastrous campaign outcomes, during which Redl had been a mole, to his espionage. Despite his heinous treachery, Redl managed to maintain a façade of popularity among his peers, reflecting a complex personality that confused the public and elite alike. Asprey portrays Redl as a remarkable figure whose dual life of charm and betrayal left an indelible mark on history, serving as a reminder of the convoluted nature of loyalty and treachery in wartime.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19600206_2_7_2.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19600206.2.7.2,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-312552000
4150,11,03,1960,"Youths Convicted Of Assault And Robbery (Press, 11 March 1960)","On 11 March 1960, a Magistrate's Court heard the case of two 17-year-old youths, lan James Barwell and John Dalton, convicted of assault causing actual bodily harm and robbery. The incident took place on 2 February when they, along with five other youths, violently assaulted Reginald William Rainer, a 50-year-old tile manufacturer, at his home in Sydenham, Christchurch. Rainer, a married man with six children, recounted how one boy had approached him seeking work a few days prior to the attack, which raised his suspicions. On the evening of the assault, upon returning home, he found the group of youths already in his living room. When he asked them to leave, they became aggressive. Rainer was struck twice and held down while the youths demanded money. While the youths were hitting him they told him they hated queers. Initially, he could only provide a £1 note and some shillings, which infuriated them. They ransacked his home, eventually finding his cheque book, and after learning he had a bank balance of £160, they demanded £80, instructing him to put it in a paper bag to be delivered to them the next day near the Antigua boatsheds. Rainer complied out of fear. Following the ordeal, which left him with a broken nose and jaw among other injuries, Rainer required five days of hospital treatment. When he reported the incident to the police, Constable A. J. Howart noted the violent scene: Rainer was bleeding from multiple injuries, and his home had been ransacked. The Magistrate expressed scepticism about some witness testimonies but confirmed Rainer's victim status. It was concluded that the youths had no legal justification for their actions, and therefore, their assault was acknowledged. Although there were doubts regarding the details of the theft, the court found sufficient basis to infer that the youths had stolen items from Rainer's home. Both Barwell and Dalton were remanded for a probation officer's report and were given renewed bail. The prosecution noted that both were on probation for a previous robbery charge. The case highlighted issues of youth violence and the need for protective measures for victims in the community.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19600311_2_146.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19600311.2.146,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-309614400
7382,31,03,1960,"Young Men Deny Charges Of Indecent Assault,... (Press, 31 March 1960)","On 30 March 1960, three young men, Donald Paul Munro, 23, Raymond Carpinter, and Garry Nixon, were involved in a court case in Wellington related to indecent assault and robbery. Munro pleaded not guilty to indecently assaulting Jan Morris Murray, also 23, while Murray and Maurice Rupert Larkin, 24, denied charges of robbing Munro and his friends of money. All accused were committed to the Supreme Court for trial. The incidents began when Munro met Murray outside the Royal Oak Hotel and, after being invited to Murray’s room at the Savoy Hotel, Munro claimed that Murray made indecent advances towards him. Following this, Larkin joined, and both men subsequently attacked Munro. They stole £11 from his wallet and also took 10s from each of Munro's friends, Carpinter and Nixon, during further altercations. Munro testified that upon being approached by the two men, he was taken to Murray's room where he was threatened with a razor. Murray produced the razor and warned Munro to be quiet or face injury. They threatened and intimidated Munro as they rifled through his belongings. Later, they accompanied him to his flat, which was also searched and ransacked. Nixon, another victim, corroborated Munro's story, stating that he was also threatened by the duo to hand over money. He described a similar incident where Larkin used a razor to intimidate him into giving up his cash. Carpinter, arriving shortly after, experienced the same coercive tactics that led him to part with his money as well. Murray, in his own defence, claimed that he had not taken any money from Munro or his friends, and highlighted that they had all admitted to him that they were ""queers"". Contrarily, Munro admitted to the alleged indecent conduct, asserting that it was initiated by Murray. Larkin, in a written statement, acknowledged that he and Murray had taken Munro's money but expressed disinterest in the money from Munro's friends, citing it was not initially theirs for the taking. The case highlighted complex interactions between the parties involved, with detailed testimonies emerging regarding intimidation and allegations of sexual misconduct. Detective evidence suggested that a list of names found in Murray's room would be instrumental during the upcoming trial, hinting at potential connections and further implications in the case. The matter of sexual advances leading to subsequent robbery and violence has raised significant discussion on themes of consent and criminal behaviour, which would be examined in the upcoming court proceedings.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19600331_2_42.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19600331.2.42,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-307886400
4151,06,05,1960,"Manslaughter Charge Against Two Seamen (Press, 6 May 1960)","Two seamen from the overseas freighter Whangaroa, Michael John Byrne, 33, and Owen John Kitts, 18, were jointly charged with the manslaughter of Roy Jackson at Napier on May 3, 1960. Their case was heard in the Napier Magistrate's Court on May 5, with crew members providing evidence as the ship was scheduled to depart the next day. Byrne was represented by Mr J. H. Zohrab, while Kitts was represented by Mr J.C.K. Fabian. Testimony began with Stuart John Allen, a steward, who recounted meeting Roy Jackson at a coffee bar during Anzac weekend and later seeing him onboard the Whangaroa on the evening prior to the incident. Allen noted that he heard raised voices coming from the gangway around 10:45 p.m. on May 3, and later learned that Jackson had fallen off the gangway. Under cross-examination, Allen suggested Jackson exhibited homosexual behaviour. The hearing included accounts from other crew members, including deckhand John Murdoch Morrison, who described Kitts attending a party in a crew cabin on the night of the incident. Morrison recounted a conversation where Jackson insulted another crew member and Byrne told Jackson to leave the ship. Morrison saw Byrne and Kitts leave the cabin shortly thereafter and later returned to claim Jackson had fallen off the gangway. Another witness, Roy Stanley Sandow, testified that he saw Byrne strike Jackson during a scuffle near the entrance to the deck, leading Jackson to ultimately fall off the gangway. Thomas Andrew Ramsay Tulloch, a seaman, claimed that Jackson had left the cabin willingly, while other seamen testified to witnessing Jackson being pushed towards the gangway. James Anthony Mouat, a deck boy, reported being on gangway duty and described seeing Jackson being half-pushed and protesting as Kitts struck him. He indicated that Jackson stumbled as he tried to grab the handrails before falling. Peter Oliver, another seaman, confirmed that he saw Jackson being forced off the ship by Byrne and Kitts and attempted to intervene but failed. The proceedings presented a picture of a chaotic scene that night, with various accounts illustrating a mixture of force, drunkenness, and the events leading to Jackson's fatal fall. As the hearing continued, the court sought to piece together the actions of the seamen and the circumstances surrounding Jackson's tragic death, which now hinged upon perceptions of their conduct before the moment of impact. Further witness testimonies were expected in subsequent hearings as the legal proceedings unfolded.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19600506_2_128.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19600506.2.128,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-304776000
4153,21,06,1960,"At Least 24 Bills Almost Ready For House (Press, 21 June 1960)","On 20 June 1960, it was reported from Wellington that Parliament is set to convene on Wednesday for a session that will run until mid-October. While around 24 bills are nearing presentation, they are not expected to generate significant excitement compared to previous sessions. Unlike the last two sessions, where the Opposition frequently complained about a lack of business, it appears that this session will be busier and more engaging. Several notable bills are to be revived from the previous session, each currently at the second-reading stage. These include the Cheques Bill, Poisons Bill, Judicature Amendment Bill (No. 2), Political Disabilities Removal Bill, Police Offences Amendment Bill, Milk Amendment Bill, Education Amendment Bill (No. 2), and the Auckland City Empowering Bill. Additional bills under committee consideration include the contentious Crimes Bill, Criminal Justice Amendment Bill, and Summary Proceedings Amendment Bill. The opposition anticipates heated debates on the Police Offences Amendment Bill, Political Disabilities Removal Bill, and the Crimes Bill. The Crimes Bill has been significantly revised since its last introduction, particularly concerning clauses on homosexual offences, although provisions concerning the abolition of the death penalty for murder are expected to remain unchanged. Furthermore, considerations are being made to abolish the grand jury, aligning New Zealand’s legal framework with those of Britain and Australia, as the current Attorney-General, Mr Mason, concurs with his predecessor that the grand jury serves little purpose today. The Police Offences Amendment Bill seeks to repeal parts of legislation instituted to address industrial unrest in 1951, which may incite strong opposition from industrial labour factions and provoke significant discussion based on recent government actions regarding disputes involving freezing workers and Kawerau. The Political Disabilities Removal Bill aims to facilitate political contributions from trade unions and is viewed as a pre-election promise by some groups. Other expected legislation includes a proposal for better financial management in trade unions, a Chiropractors Registration Bill, and an Animals Protection Bill—though the latter may see the Chiropractors Bill dropped quietly. New initiatives anticipated in this session encompass amendments to the Broadcasting Act to establish a television service and appoint a director, a bill for the construction of the Nelson-Blenheim railway, and legislation for the Te Anau-Manapouri lakes system's development. Additionally, measures will arise from the commission's inquiry into the meat industry and the establishment of a new university grants committee based on the Parry Committee's recommendations. Legislative reports from select committees on local body structures and liquor licensing are imminent, with some committee outputs, such as that from the West Coast development group, awaiting governmental action. Proposals in early preparation stages also include consolidations of the Education and Transport Acts, a fertilisers bill, and regulations controlling unit investment trusts. Overall, the session promises a wide range of legislative considerations and debates, marking a significant period in New Zealand's parliamentary history.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19600621_2_139.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19600621.2.139,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-300801600
4154,01,07,1960,"Homosexuality Law Change Rejected (Press, 1 July 1960)","On 30 June 1960, a significant vote in the House of Commons resulted in the heavy defeat of a bill aimed at decriminalising homosexual acts between consenting adults in private. The final tally showed 213 members voting against the bill while only 99 were in favour. Many MPs opted not to vote, leading to shock among supporters of the proposal due to the overwhelming rejection, which exceeded their expectations. The bill's supporters were hopeful that reform could eventually occur, especially in light of a statement from the Home Secretary, R. A. Butler, who indicated that change might be possible in the future. However, he firmly opposed the bill at this time, suggesting that the current moral and religious state of the country could not justify such a shift. In his remarks, Butler highlighted the dangers of loosening restrictions on conduct, warning that people might believe they are free to engage in acts simply because they are not criminal offences. Butler mentioned a potential alternative whereby prosecutions would only occur under the conditions set by the Director of Public Prosecutions, with the Attorney-General's consent, and only if it served the public interest. However, he stressed that many questions remained to be answered before any changes could be considered. Key issues included the rationale for setting the age of consent at 21, the definition of “consenting,” and the interpretation of what constitutes “in private.” There was also concern that liberalising the law might lead to an increase in homosexual behaviour. The discussion surrounding the bill stemmed from the Wolfenden report, which had advocated a reconsideration of laws governing homosexual acts. Butler concluded that he did not believe a compelling case for reform had been made and called for further examination of the fundamental issues relating to law and morals. The bill was sponsored by Labour MP Kenneth Robinson from St Pancras North and gained the backing of a small group of Conservatives, the Liberal Party, and a minority of his own Labour party, demonstrating a range of opinions on the matter within the parliament. The outcome of the vote reflected the prevailing attitudes towards homosexuality in Britain at the time, marking a setback for advocates of reform.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19600701_2_95.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19600701.2.95,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-299937600
4155,20,07,1960,"Grand Jury Abolition Provided For In Bill (Press, 20 July 1960)","On 19 July 1960, the New Zealand Press Association reported a significant development in the country's legal framework, as grand juries are set to be abolished following revisions to the Crimes Bill. This change comes after the bill was first introduced to Parliament in 1957 and underwent a significant rewrite before its reintroduction in 1959. The latest draft, presented to the House of Representatives, deletes all references to grand jury procedures, marking a major shift in the legislative approach. If the bill is passed in the current parliamentary session, it will take effect on 1 January 1961. Among its key provisions, the bill abolishes the death penalty for murder and piracy, retaining it only for treason. Notably, it addresses controversial issues regarding homosexual offences, which sparked debate the previous year. The bill now raises the age threshold for child convictions from seven to ten years, allowing for potential convictions of minors aged 10 to 14, provided they knew their actions were wrong or illegal. Further adjustments involve the legal stance on trespassers, emphasizing that individuals cannot inflict bodily harm but may use reasonable force to prevent trespassing. Changes to indecency laws include an increase in penalties for indecent acts between males, with maximum imprisonment now reaching five years, while sodomy can incur up to 14 years for certain cases. The bill also modifies the definition of infanticide, now applicable to the killing of children under ten, and consolidates the crime of abduction under general abduction laws, removing separate provisions for minors. Additionally, the wording for criminal libel has been refined to broaden its scope and applicability. Notably, the bill consolidates burglary laws, treating breaking and entering—regardless of time—as burglary. The provisions regarding possession of stolen goods have also been amended to streamline the criteria for guilt. The move to abolish grand juries is reflected in the reformulated processes for presenting indictments, allowing the Supreme Court to discharge defendants during trials with the effect of an acquittal. A new clause permits the prerogative of mercy to be exercised regardless of whether a conviction has been appealed. Overall, the revised Crimes Bill represents a comprehensive overhaul of various aspects of criminal law in New Zealand, aiming to clarify legal intentions and modernise the legal system amidst changing societal values.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19600720_2_131.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19600720.2.131,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-298296000
4156,25,07,1960,"British Radar Secrets (Press, 25 July 1960)","A report from the ""News Chronicle"" on 22 July 1960 has revealed that Russian espionage efforts in the United Kingdom have been focused on infiltrating Britain's radar and electronic research sectors. This information coincided with Prime Minister Harold Macmillan's announcement in the House of Commons regarding the deportation of 18 prominent Soviet agents over the past two years. According to the report, these agents were engaged in covert activities aimed at understanding the personal lives of employees within these sensitive research establishments. Specifically, they targeted individuals who might have homosexual tendencies, as well as those who could be lured by attractive women, whom the agents were prepared to use as seduction tools. The Russian intelligence practice is said to favour blackmail over monetary incentives when it comes to extracting information, highlighting the effectiveness of coercion based on personal vulnerabilities. Ultimately, the report indicates that the agents’ attempts at manipulation were unsuccessful. The lack of willingness from the targeted employees to engage in any illicit activities raised suspicions about the agents. Their unusual movements and attempts to interact with workers near confidential research sites were noted and reported, leading to their expulsion from the country. This incident underscores ongoing concerns about espionage and national security, particularly in light of the Cold War tensions between the West and the Soviet Union.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19600725_2_76.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19600725.2.76,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-297864000
4157,30,07,1960,"Prison Term Imposed (Press, 30 July 1960)","Charles Stanton Turner, a 60-year-old clerk, was sentenced to four months’ imprisonment by Mr Justice Macarthur in the Supreme Court on 30 July 1960 after being charged with attempted indecent assault on a boy on 15 April. Turner, who had one prior conviction for a similar offence dating back 13 years, was represented by Mr H. S. Thomas, while Mr C. M. Roper appeared for the Crown. In his defence, Mr Thomas argued that a suspended sentence or a probationary period would be more appropriate given the circumstances. A probation officer's report indicated that Turner was unlikely to reoffend. However, Mr Roper highlighted that the boy involved had cooperated fully, making a statement to the police about the incident that took place at a pensioners’ establishment. Mr Justice Macarthur acknowledged Turner's struggles with his homosexual tendencies, suggesting that he occasionally found them difficult to control. After considering the perspectives presented by both counsels, the Judge noted that the boy had effectively led Turner into a situation of temptation, leading him to succumb to these impulses. Despite this context, the Judge determined that a prison sentence was necessary. He indicated that had the circumstances been different, he would have imposed a longer term than the four months given for Turner's previous offence. Ultimately, the Judge concluded that the seriousness of the case warranted imprisonment.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19600730_2_214.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19600730.2.214,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-297432000
7002,23,08,1960,"Olympic Games Sex Change Charge Against U.k. Woman (Press, 23 August 1960)","On 22 August 1960, Mr Giuseppe Sabelli-Fioretti, head of the Olympic Press Service, commented on the implications of a serious allegation regarding potential gender misclassification among members of the British women’s Olympic team. His remarks followed claims by several British newspapers that one of Britain's top female athletes had been reported to their national Olympic committees by two Continental countries, questioning her classification as a woman. Sabelli-Fioretti noted that if an official allegation were made, Olympic officials would likely mandate medical examinations for all female athletes, recalling an instance from the 1948 Games when a similar protest led to a requirement for competitors to undergo sex examinations. The British team manager, Dr. Duncan, denounced the allegations as a damaging slur on the integrity of the British team, asserting that all 16 female athletes had submitted medical certificates confirming their sex, as required by international rules—although this stipulation did not extend to swimmers. President of the International Olympic Committee, Mr Avery Brundage, acknowledged that medical checks could occur in such cases but claimed he was unaware of any current protest or complaints and that any concerns would be addressed by the appropriate officials. Additionally, a piece in the London newspaper ""Daily Sketch"" referred to the allegations as a “scandalous rumour,"" which was dismissed by the British team as unfounded. Mr J. Crump, secretary of the British Amateur Athletic Board, expressed disgust at the timing and nature of such accusations, stating that any legitimate complaints should have been voiced discreetly rather than creating public embarrassment for the British team. In a related development, it was reported that Australia faced a significant setback in their Olympic ambitions with the withdrawal of renowned sculler Stuart Mackenzie from the single sculls event. Announced by the Australian team’s general manager, Mr S. Grange, this decision was due to Mackenzie being deemed unfit to compete, suffering from a form of anaemia. Grange mentioned that Mackenzie, a silver medalist from the Melbourne Olympics and winner of the Henley Diamond Sculls multiple times, was deeply disappointed by this turn of events. He confirmed that Mackenzie would remain with the team, assisting in the training of his fellow oarsmen despite his inability to compete for the anticipated gold medal. This announcement marked a major alteration in Australia’s plans just days before the Games were set to begin in Rome.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19600823_2_30.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19600823.2.30,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-295358400
4158,27,08,1960,"Pelican Books (Press, 27 August 1960)","In a review published on 27 August 1960, D.J. West's book ""Homosexuality"" is acknowledged for contributing to the understanding of a topic often surrounded by misunderstanding and stigma. The commentary emphasises that many people wrongly believe male homosexuals pose a significant risk to children, despite a lack of evidence suggesting that homosexuals are more likely than heterosexuals to engage in such behaviour. The review highlights that the majority of homosexuals have no sexual interest in children. West argues that homosexuality is a common condition, often unrecognised by individuals who encounter it among their acquaintances. The structure of the book is divided into two parts: the first half presents the fundamental facts about homosexuality, while the second half explores its potential causes and offers suggestions for prevention and treatment. However, the reviewer expresses a desire for a more critical treatment of psychoanalytical literature about the origins of homosexuality, suggesting that the existing literature is voluminous but lacks substantive insights. In discussing treatment, West views prolonged psychoanalysis as potentially beneficial but acknowledges its limited success rate. He urges a reform of penal laws to create parity between homosexuals and heterosexuals and stresses that such reforms are vital for prevention efforts. West criticises the idea that imprisonment serves any purpose for treatment, arguing that it is fundamentally ineffective, much like attempting to treat a chronic alcoholic with occupational therapy in a brewery. The review further addresses broader implications for the judicial system, referencing the Lord Chief Justice’s remarks suggesting a concerning shift where courts may begin to prioritise administrative action over their responsibilities as independent arbiters of justice. The notion that judges could become tools of the administration rather than upholders of the law raises alarm for the reviewer. It concludes with hope that this does not reflect the attitudes of the judiciary as a whole, indicating a deep concern for the integrity of judicial independence in the face of government influence. Overall, Dr. West's book is appreciated for its useful and objective survey of a complex issue, suggesting that thoughtful discourse is essential in working towards understanding and reform regarding homosexuality.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19600827_2_7_4.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19600827.2.7.4,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-295012800
4159,10,09,1960,"Prison Term To Stand (Press, 10 September 1960)","On 10 September 1960, the Supreme Court dismissed an appeal by Eric Francis Elkis, aged 38, against an 18-month prison sentence. The sentence was imposed on eight charges of committing an indecent act and one charge of indecent assault against a male. Mr Justice Macarthur stated that the Magistrate's sentence was not excessive. Elkis's case was noted for his homosexual tendencies, but there were indications that with daily work under complete supervision over a significant period, he might have the potential for reform. Elkis would have the benefit of these conditions while serving his sentence. Mr C. B. Atkinson represented Elkis, while Mr C. M. Roper represented the Crown.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19600910_2_51.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19600910.2.51,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-293803200
4160,23,09,1960,"Crimes Bill Held Over (Press, 23 September 1960)","On 23 September 1960, it was reported that the Crimea Bill, which had been introduced to the New Zealand Parliament in 1957, was unlikely to advance during the current session. The Minister of Justice, Mr Mason, stated that the final decision on the bill's progression rested with the Prime Minister, Mr Nash. The delay is attributed to many government members preferring to avoid controversy as the election campaign approaches, particularly regarding the proposal to abolish capital punishment and provisions related to homosexual offences. The hold-up of the Crimes Bill is significant because it results in the continued relevance of the existing Crimes Act, which is now in a situation of conflicting penalties with the recently enacted Police Offences Amendment Act. For instance, the Police Offences Amendment Act states that individuals can face a penalty of up to three months' imprisonment, or a fine of up to £50, for fighting in a public place. Conversely, the Crimes Act of 1908 imposes a maximum penalty of one year's imprisonment for the same offence. Further discrepancies include the penalty for disturbing public worship; under the Police Offences Amendment Act, the fine is set at £50, while the Crimes Act imposes a mere £2 penalty. Additionally, a new development emerged with the Health Amendment Bill, which was introduced on the same day, seeking to remove attempted suicide from the criminal realm, effectively treating it as a medical issue. This change would grant authorities the discretion to either commit individuals attempting suicide to a hospital, place them in the care of relatives, or impose a two-year imprisonment. Mr Nash indicated that the parliamentary session might conclude by 28 October 1960, suggesting that numerous pieces of legislation, including the Crimes Bill, Criminal Justice Amendment Bill, Summary Proceedings Amendment Bill, and Chiropractors’ Bill, are at risk of being postponed or lapsing altogether. The situation reflects the complexities surrounding legislation reform and societal issues as the government navigates its political landscape ahead of the upcoming elections.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19600923_2_94.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19600923.2.94,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-292680000
7711,27,09,1960,"The Crimes Bill (Press, 27 September 1960)","The New Zealand Government is facing criticism for potentially not advancing the Crimes Bill during the current session of Parliament, which has been in deliberation for several years. Legal experts and Parliamentary committees have scrutinised the bill, highlighting the need to rectify outdated legal anomalies. The basis of the current criminal law originates from Sir James Stephen’s code from 1879-80, with the last major update occurring in 1908. The National Party Government initiated a consolidation effort in 1957, which involved input from various legal authorities, including a committee with members from the Justice Department and notable legal professionals. However, upon the Labour Government's ascent to power, revisions were made, particularly after an investigation by Sir George Finlay, who consulted numerous legal professionals and stakeholders. Despite the rework, the bill drew criticism for its handling of perversion and other contentious clauses, which the Minister of Justice, Mr Mason, agreed to amend. By July 19, 1960, the Statutes Revision Committee had reported back on the revised bill, and during the current parliamentary session, the Government expressed intentions to advance it. Nevertheless, reluctance to engage in discussions surrounding certain clauses—particularly those related to homosexuality—has been noted, with the Prime Minister indicating a preference against public debate on the matter, citing the potential audience including children as a concern. The article argues that the New Zealand Parliament should be equipped to handle discussions on such topics, similar to the extensive dialogues seen in the British Parliament regarding homosexuality. The hesitation to openly debate potentially controversial subjects, especially near an election, is viewed as an inadequate justification for delaying vital legislative reform. Failure to proceed with the Crimes Bill would mean New Zealand is likely to endure another year with an outdated criminal code, which does not adequately differentiate between crimes such as infanticide and murder. The proposed Labour Government’s Crimes Bill aims to introduce more modern provisions, such as an infanticide clause aligned with the UK's Infanticide Act of 1938. The delay would further perpetuate existing legal inconsistencies, as other legislative measures that depend on the passing of the Crimes Bill have already been enacted, resulting in varied penalties for crimes. There is hope that the Government will reconsider, at least by introducing a shorter bill to address the pressing issues, like the definition and penalties surrounding infanticide.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19600927_2_78.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19600927.2.78,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-292334400
4161,23,12,1960,"Author Sentenced For “insulting” Dead Nazi (Press, 23 December 1960)","On December 21, 1960, a Munich Court sentenced Count Michael Soltikow, a German author, to a five-month suspended prison term for insulting the memory of a deceased Nazi diplomat, Mr Ernst von Rath. This ruling concluded a 12-day trial following eight years of investigations into the circumstances surrounding von Rath's murder. The diplomat was shot in Paris on November 7, 1938, by Herschel Gruenspan, a 17-year-old Jewish youth. This act precipitated the infamous ""crystal night,"" marked by widespread violence against Jewish people, including the burning of synagogues and mass arrests. During the trial, Count Soltikow faced accusations from an article he penned in the German newspaper ""Wochenend"" in 1952. In this article, he suggested that von Rath's murder was not politically motivated but rather a consequence of a failure to pay Gruenspan for procuring young men. The court president labelled Soltikow's insinuation that von Rath was homosexual as a serious insult, noting that there was no evidence presented during the proceedings to substantiate this claim. Despite the judgment, the court acknowledged that the trial had not resolved the mystery surrounding the events of November 7, 1938. As a consequence of the verdict, Mr Guenther von Rath, the brother of the deceased diplomat, was granted permission to publish the court's decision in several major West German newspapers, with the costs covered by Count Soltikow. Throughout the trial, Soltikow maintained that he had received information suggesting Gruenspan was still alive and residing in a Paris suburb. This led to requests to Interpol to investigate an anonymous tip claiming Gruenspan was at a hotel in Paris. Following his arrest after the shooting, Gruenspan was handed over to the Nazis by the Vichy Government during the war. Later, on June 1, 1960, he was declared dead by a Hanover Court at the behest of his parents.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19601223_2_108.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19601223.2.108,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-284817600
7623,31,01,1961,"Australian Letter Divorce Act In Force Tomorrow (Press, 31 January 1961)","The new Divorce Act in Australia, designed to standardise divorce law across the nation, will come into effect on February 1, 1961. A Gallup poll conducted in January reveals that almost 70 per cent of Australians support the act. However, some lawyers are expressing concerns that the new procedural rules for divorce courts may lead to significant confusion and difficulties for at least the next year. Many legal professionals in Sydney are currently advising clients to delay filing for divorce to avoid complications under the new legislation, as they attempt to process as many petitions as possible under existing state laws before the new federal rules are implemented. The Divorce Act grants 14 grounds for divorce, including five years of continuous separation, a significant change from the previous state legislation that had around 190 court rules compared to the new act's 329 rules. Some solicitors note that drafting a petition used to take approximately half an hour but may now require up to a week due to the increased complexity. The legislation underwent extensive debate in Parliament, mainly due to objections from religious leaders, notably from the Anglican and Roman Catholic communities, who alleged that it would make divorce too accessible. The contentious five-year separation rule was particularly debated before the act passed through a non-partisan vote. Meanwhile, the New South Wales Minister for Labour and Industry, Mr J. J. Maloney, faces criticism for his refusal to allow self-service petrol pumps in the state. Critics argue that his stance reflects an outdated approach to a modern problem, as other Australian states like Victoria and Queensland have already successfully implemented such services. Maloney cited concerns about competition and the oil companies' preference for personalised service as reasons for maintaining the restrictions. In a separate incident, a Sydney barber, Harold Ball, garnered attention after he chose to serve time in prison instead of paying a £5 fine for cutting a customer's hair 40 minutes past closing time. Initially standing by his principles, Ball refused to comply with the law requiring barbers to close by 5:45 p.m. Although he ultimately paid the fine after one day in prison, his actions sparked support among commentators and the public, highlighting a broader conversation about regulations and individual rights in Australia.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19610131_2_75.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19610131.2.75,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-281448000
4162,17,03,1961,"Attitudes To Homosexuality (Press, 17 March 1961)","A report by the Wellington branch of the National Council of Women, presented to their Christchurch counterparts on 17 March 1961, addresses the complex relationship between homosexuality and the medical, psychiatric, and legal frameworks in New Zealand. Prepared by the branch's moral welfare sub-committee and endorsed by Dr. Dor's Odium, a co-founder of the World Federation of Mental Health, the report advocates for a significant shift in how society perceives and treats homosexuality. The report draws parallels between the legal treatment of homosexuality and alcoholism. It argues that imprisonment is an ineffective solution for homosexual behaviour, similar to sending an alcoholic to a brewery. The report contends that societal factors contribute to the development of latent homosexual tendencies and that such tendencies should not be criminalised. The report identifies various extra-marital relationships, noting that only homosexual relations between men are legally punishable. Key causes of homosexuality are categorised into physical, emotional, and social factors. It suggests that all individuals possess latent sexual characteristics of opposite genders, and certain unsatisfactory relationships in childhood may lead to a dislike of women, ultimately influencing sexual orientation. The report asserts that many cases of arrested emotional and physical development necessitate clinical treatment. In addition, the report discusses the implications of women's increasing participation in the workforce, suggesting that this social change could disrupt traditional customs in ways that society has yet to fully comprehend. The authors of the report argue that traditional punitive measures against homosexuality have historically been ineffective, offering little success in rehabilitating individuals or safeguarding public order. They emphasise that homosexuality should not be viewed strictly as a moral failing but rather as a condition influenced by various uncontrollable factors. The council recommends that the government be urged to establish a body of investigation to study the incidence and treatment of homosexuality, advocating for a reclassification of homosexuality as a physical and emotional disorder instead of a criminal offence. Additionally, the report draws a contrast with alcoholism, which is treated as a disease that requires understanding and clinical intervention rather than punishment. The authors clarify that while the recommendation does not aim to condone homosexuality, it seeks to promote more effective treatment methods focused on voluntary clinical help and education.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19610317_2_5_9.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19610317.2.5.9,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-277560000
4163,12,04,1961,"No Links Seen Between Tv And Delinquency (Press, 12 April 1961)","A study by British psychiatrist Professor T. C. N. Gibbens, published by the World Health Organisation in Geneva on 12 April 1961, examines the trends in juvenile delinquency and the potential influence of media. Professor Gibbens asserts that while television, radio, newspapers, and films are often blamed for rising crime and violence, there is insufficient evidence to support the idea that they serve as direct motives for juvenile offences. Instead, he argues they may influence the types of offences but do not necessarily increase viewers' aggression levels. The paper challenges popular beliefs that violent media results in heightened aggression among viewers, stating that the effects of media on behaviour are complex and not easily quantified. Gibbens suggests that conventional representations of violence, such as those seen in Westerns, arouse little anxiety in audiences, implying that a shift towards more realistic portrayals of violence may have different effects on youth, who might accept it as a norm. Gibbens also analyses the rise in sexual offences among juveniles, highlighting that while the overall increase in these crimes is notable, the prevalence among younger offenders, specifically those under 21, is significant. He indicates a concerning rise in homosexual offences, attributing this partly to under-reporting of such crimes and suggesting that young males are disproportionately involved in heterosexual offences. Further, the commentary discusses issues of alcoholism and drug addiction. In Europe, Gibbens notes a relative stability in concerns over these issues, although the UK has observed an increase in drunkenness, particularly among young adults. The study reflects on delinquency being predominantly a male issue, with girls being less visible in juvenile justice systems but potentially more troubled in adulthood, as their grievances may remain unaddressed until they manifest in problematic behaviour during adolescence. Professor Gibbens identifies the need for preventative measures, stressing that addressing boys' delinquency will not sufficiently tackle issues faced by girls, who may appear untroubled but carry unresolved tensions into later life. He also points out an increasing public concern regarding the situation of young girls, noting that even if prostitution levels remain stable, issues such as 'near-prostitution' raise alarms. Overall, Gibbens' findings suggest that while media may play a role in shaping the landscape of juvenile delinquency, it is not a straightforward cause of increased aggression or crime. Instead, he highlights the importance of understanding complex social dynamics and the varying trajectories of young offenders.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19610412_2_207.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19610412.2.207,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-275313600
7416,19,05,1961,"Gardeners’ Queries... (Press, 19 May 1961)","A letter from A.B. in Cashmere discusses the issues he is facing with his eight-year-old Cotoneaster watereri, which has flowered abundantly but has not set any fruit. The issue lies in the plant's inability to produce fruit despite satisfactory pollination and the presence of insects. The respondent identifies a potential fungal attack, specifically Sclerotinia, as a possible cause for the lack of fruit; further specimens are requested for diagnosis. Regarding Kalmia latifolia, it is noted that this plant can be successfully shifted due to its compact root ball, with the shifting suggested for the current time. For Proteas, the paleness observed in some plants is attributed to genetic variation in seedling-raised plants, thus impacting flower colour. There is no method available to induce darker colours in flowers that are naturally lighter, emphasizing the importance of buying plants raised from cuttings for preferred traits. A separate inquiry by ""Advice Wanted"" from Sydenham touches on browning and unhealthy leaves of chrysanthemums despite spraying with lime sulphur. The respondent points out that various causes could lead to browning leaves, including chrysanthemum eelworm, a serious pest that often results from consecutive planting in the same area. Suggestions for controlling the pest include using organic-phosphate sprays and relocating to fresh land, although some recommended treatments, like parathion, are toxic and not suitable for home gardeners. Specimens are requested for a detailed evaluation. Mrs. S. F. Bailey from Waimate seeks plant identification, with the respondent confirming it as Alstroemeria pulchella, which is distinct from other varieties due to its unique flower colours. The presence of eelworm is noted in another inquiry concerning chrysanthemums, with B.H.C. not being effective against it. The best control method suggested is parathion, but an alternative method involves hot water treatment for cleaning up infected stock plants, which is laborious yet effective. Inquiries also include how to grow walnut trees, revealing that they can be raised from nuts or grafting, mentioning the variable characteristics of seed-raised plants. Recommendations for planting walnuts stress the importance of sowing fresh seeds and not allowing them to dry out. A gardener from Hokitika seeks advice on preventing bird damage to mustard seeds and controlling twitch. Coating seeds with red lead is suggested as a deterrent, while Dalapon is indicated as effective for twitch, requiring proper application to absorb through foliage. Lastly, C.E.W. from St. Albans inquires about Lilium auratum seedlings and two ornamental plants that flower but do not fruit. The seedlings are deemed hardy for overwintering, whereas failures for the Chinese lantern plant and Herberts wilsonae to fruit remain unexplained, although lighter soil is suggested as a possible improvement. The letter concludes with a note on the internal hollow characteristic of carrots due to growth conditions rather than pest issues.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19610519_2_48_5.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19610519.2.48.5,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-272116800
4164,04,07,1961,"Vandalism (Press, 4 July 1961)","In a letter to the editor dated 3 July 1961, the author, signing as I.S.T., expresses scepticism towards the effectiveness of flogging as a punitive measure. The writer questions the belief that corporal punishment can lead to reform, suggesting that a one-size-fits-all approach to justice may be flawed. I.S.T. critiques the philosophy of retributive justice, characterising it as a form of legalised vengeance against offenders, rather than a constructive means of addressing wrongdoing. The letter also addresses concerns regarding the potential for corporal punishment to foster homosexual tendencies, arguing that such deviations can occur regardless of the upbringing or psychological support offered to young offenders. The author asserts that they do not care about the personal circumstances of offenders, such as their maternal relationships, but are focused solely on deterring destructive behaviours. The letter conveys a desire to discourage vandalism in a manner that is most effective in dissuading the offender, even if it may not align with rehabilitative ideals.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19610704_2_14_4.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19610704.2.14.4,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-268142400
4165,03,08,1961,"Men For Trial On Robbery Charge (Press, 3 August 1961)","Three young men—Peter Charles Yeatman (24), Thomas Ian McGlinchy (25), and William Alexander Gill (26)—were committed for trial on a joint robbery charge involving £5. This decision was made on 2 August 1961 during a Magistrate's Court hearing in Christchurch by Justices of the Peace E. W. Olds and W. W. Laing. All three accused pleaded not guilty, with prosecution led by Senior Sergeant G. M. Cleary. The incident began on 15 July 1961 at the Valley Inn Hotel, where victim Vincent Thomas Revell, a salesman, was allegedly assaulted after offering to take a taxi home. Yeatman offered him a ride instead. Throughout the drive, Yeatman made repeated references to a party and pressured Revell for money, claiming he knew Revell was carrying cash. As the car deviated from the path back to town, McGlinchy took the wheel while Yeatman and Gill physically assaulted Revell. In his testimony, Revell recounted a disturbing struggle as he attempted to fend off his attackers while the car swerved dangerously. He managed to shout for help and fought back effectively, even biting Gill's hand. Despite being severely beaten and telling them he had no more money, he eventually handed over £5 after enduring further violence. When he tried to escape, the accused pressed their attack, ultimately leading to Revell's desperation to escape. He broke free as the car was stopped and collapsed in the street, leading to the robbers fleeing in the vehicle. Witness William Thomas Garlick heard Revell's cries for help around 10 p.m. the same evening. He saw Revell attacking the car before it sped away, seemingly without its lights on. The police were alerted, and Detective D. C. Lee later interrogated Yeatman, who denied involvement and claimed that Revell had made inappropriate suggestions. A grey scarf and a broken tooth were discovered in Yeatman’s vehicle, further implicating him and his accomplices. Subsequent interviews with the accused revealed conflicting accounts; McGlinchy claimed he bit Revell due to an alleged proposal, while Gill mentioned that they had all been drinking before the incident and could not remember much. Ultimately, the three men were granted bail set at £100 each, with one surety of £100, and were instructed to report to the police daily. The trial will address the serious allegations arising from this violent robbery incident.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19610803_2_176.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19610803.2.176,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-265550400
4167,24,08,1961,"Nelson District Methodist Synod (Press, 24 August 1961)","On 23 August 1961, the Nelson District Methodist Synod convened in Westport, where attendees expressed deep concern regarding global poverty and the substantial needs of the world. The gathering featured comments from various representatives, including the Rev. A. Newman from Greymouth, who highlighted the urgency of addressing this pressing issue, calling it one of the major challenges of contemporary society. Mrs. S. Airey from Greymouth took the opportunity to defend the organisation C.0.R.5.0., which has recently faced unfounded criticisms regarding its administrative expenses. She praised the organisation's efforts and impact, prompting the Synod's chairman, the Rev. Dr. M. A. McDowell from Nelson, to affirm the commendable work being done and encourage the church community to challenge any uninformed critiques firmly. He underscored the importance of a collective focus on global relief over individual salvation, stating that such a narrow focus detracts from broader humanitarian efforts. In this context, the Synod passed a resolution calling on the Methodist Conference to recommend that the New Zealand Government allocate at least 10 per cent of its national income toward the economic development of underdeveloped nations. The Synod acknowledged that achieving this goal might require an increase in tax levels. Additionally, the assembly approved a recommendation encouraging the Government to investigate the underlying causes of homosexuality, suggesting that this research be supported through public resources for educational, medical, and psychiatric purposes. The discussions reflect an awareness among church leaders of their social responsibilities, urging interest and action regarding global issues, particularly those affecting vulnerable populations. The Synod's unanimous resolutions indicate a strong commitment to global economic assistance and the need for scientific exploration regarding complex social issues within New Zealand's governance structure.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19610824_2_242.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19610824.2.242,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-263736000
4166,24,08,1961,"Supreme Court Men On Trial On Robbery Charge (Press, 24 August 1961)","On 24 August 1961, a Supreme Court trial began concerning a robbery and assault case involving a salesman, Vincent Thomas Revell. Revell testified that on 3 July, he was attacked and robbed by three young men while driving along Cashihere Road, near the Princess Margaret Hospital. Initially, Revell had been socialising at the Valley Inn Hotel where he encountered the accused—Peter Charles Yeatman (23), Thomas Ian McGlinchy (23), and William Alexander Gill (26)—inviting them to a party. Revell left the party early due to discomfort with the company and later encountered Yeatman again, who apologised for previous conduct. After a round of drinks paid for by Revell, Yeatman offered him a lift into town. As they drove, Revell sensed danger when the route took an unexpected turn towards Cashmere instead of the city. He was instructed to sit in the back seat while McGlinchy took over driving. Soon after, Yeatman demanded Revell's money, initially threatening him if he did not comply. A struggle ensued in which all three men attacked Revell, kicking and hitting him. In a bid to prevent further violence, Revell yielded £5 to them but was pressed for more, as he had approximately £40. The assailants eventually stopped the vehicle on a deserted road, prompting Revell to pass out amid the ordeal. After regaining his senses, he sought help and managed to reach the Princess Margaret Hospital in a taxi. A local resident, William Thomas Garlick, witnessed a commotion and heard cries for help, seeing Revell later staggering towards the hospital. Witnesses identified the accused as having a similar car to the one involved and observed them the following day near the scene. Revell's belongings, including a scarf and a broken tooth, were discovered in Yeatman's vehicle after the incident. During his testimony, Revell recounted that McGlinchy instructed the others to knockout Revell and described how Yeatman strangled him with a scarf while pressing for more money. The defence attorneys for the accused opted not to call any evidence. Detective evidence during the trial revealed that Yeatman claimed Revell had acted inappropriately towards him, stating he was responsible for throwing Revell out of the car. Similarly, McGlinchy and Gill made statements suggesting that the incident was provoked by Revell's alleged advances. Gill admitted to having been drinking heavily and claimed to have little recollection of the events. The trial concluded with arguments focusing on the culpability of the accused in both the robbery and the assault, with all three facing serious charges as the court prepared for subsequent hearings.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19610824_2_89.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19610824.2.89,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-263736000
4169,25,08,1961,"Supreme Court Three Guilty Of Assault With Intent... (Press, 25 August 1961)","In a Supreme Court case that concluded on 25 August 1961, three young men were found guilty of assaulting Vincent Thomas Revell with intent to rob him, although they were acquitted of the more serious charge of robbery. The accused are Peter Charles Yeatman, 23, Thomas Ian McGlinchy, also 23, and William Alexander Gill, 26. The incidents took place on a remote section of Cashmere Road near Princess Margaret Hospital on 15 July. The jury deliberated for approximately 3 hours and 40 minutes before reaching a verdict. They did not need to consider a verdict on the charge of assault due to their decision on the lesser charge. Mr Justice Richmond remanded the three men in custody until 31 August for sentencing. During the trial, the prosecution presented evidence that suggested the accused had planned to attack Revell after picking him up from Valley Inn Hotel. Mr C. M. Roper, representing the Crown, highlighted inconsistencies in the accused's explanation for driving Revell to the secluded area. He noted that Revell was positioned in the back seat between Yeatman and Gill when the alleged assault occurred. Roper argued that the three accused's quick departure from the scene indicated their intent to conceal their actions. Evidence was presented that Revell sustained injuries including abrasions, bruises, and a broken tooth during the incident. Defence attorney Mr P. G. S. Penlington argued that there was no evidence money was taken from Revell, who had been drinking and was uncertain about how much cash he had on him at the time. The defence suggested that the lack of any clear motive for robbery and the digital uncertainty surrounding Revell’s account owing to his intoxication should lead the jury to acquit the accused. Mr R. G. Blunt, representing Gill, contended that the change of drivers was due to Yeatman’s erratic driving rather than any intent to rob or assault. He further argued that if the jury had any doubt about Revell's alleged advances towards Yeatman leading to the altercation, they must find the defendants not guilty. Defence counsel Mr de Goldi also pointed to previous interactions between Revell and Yeatman, suggesting that accusations of indecency prompted the aggressive actions. He maintained that Revell’s injuries were not indicative of a beating, implying they were consistent with being forcibly removed from the vehicle. In summary, the jury found the three men guilty of the lesser charge of assault with intent to rob after assessing the prosecution's arguments against the defence's claims of lack of motive and evidence. The case highlights complex dynamics and interpretations of intent and personal conduct in a tense situation.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19610825_2_164.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19610825.2.164,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-263649600
4168,25,08,1961,"Synod Seeks Medical Aid For Homosexuals (Press, 25 August 1961)","On 25 August 1961, a significant report advocating for sweeping changes in laws related to homosexuals was presented at the annual meeting of the Hawke’s Bay-Manawatu Methodist Synod in Palmerston North, New Zealand. The report, delivered by Rev. J. B. Dawson of Napier, called for increased legal tolerance of homosexual practices among consenting males over the age of 21. It urged the government to facilitate research investigating the causes of homosexuality, by utilising resources from various departments and subsidising educational, medical, and psychiatric studies. Dawson articulated that the primary role of criminal law in this area should be to maintain public order and decency, protect citizens from harm, and prevent exploitation, rather than intruding into the private lives of individuals or enforcing specific behavioural patterns. He emphasized that the Methodist Church has always believed in democratic values and drawn a clear distinction between sin and crime, asserting that the State is not the appropriate guardian of public morality. Acknowledging the controversial nature of the topic, Dawson framed homosexuality as a disease akin to alcoholism, which was previously treated as a crime. He raised questions about the effectiveness of punishment in eradicating homosexual behaviour, noting a consensus among authorities that imprisoning homosexuals is generally fruitless, as it often leads to social ostracism and a criminal mindset rather than rehabilitation. Dawson referred to inquiries made by the Methodist Church concerning the Swedish experience, where consensual homosexual acts among adults in private stopped being a criminal offence in 1944. The responses from Swedish authorities indicated no increase in the prevalence of homosexuality following this legal change. He argued that asserting certain situations should not be criminalised does not imply condoning private immorality, as mature individuals are capable of bearing personal responsibility without the looming threat of legal repercussions. The Synod overwhelmingly supported a resolution calling for the government to assist in researching and addressing the complexities surrounding homosexuality. Additionally, a separate incident reported detail a burglary at Crofts Laundry on Avonside Drive, where cash amounting to £50 was stolen after thieves drilled the lock to gain entry and forcefully accessed a filing cabinet.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19610825_2_154.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19610825.2.154,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-263649600
4170,30,08,1961,"Methodist Views On Homosexuality In N.z. (Press, 30 August 1961)","On 30 August 1961, the Auckland and Otago-Southland Methodist Synods convened to discuss a national report on homosexuality, ultimately choosing not to adopt it. The Otago-Southland Synod rejected the report based on concerns that legalising homosexuality would lead to its acceptance as morally right, while the Auckland Synod acknowledged the report but did not formally adopt it. The report from the Church's National Public Questions Committee argued that legal tolerance towards homosexuality would be a necessary first step in addressing what they deemed a hidden problem in society. However, the Otago-Southland Synod's stance was that it would be inappropriate for the state to intervene in the private lives of individuals, emphasising the Church’s long-standing distinction between sin and crime, and suggesting that the state is not the optimal guardian of private morality. Key points from the report that were received but not adopted included the necessity for further study into the causes and nature of homosexuality, and the need for the government to facilitate this research by providing resources and supporting private agencies. It also called for a shift in public understanding and the dispelling of prejudices surrounding homosexuality. The report noted significant gender disparities in the existing laws regarding homosexual conduct, arguing that female homosexuality was largely exempt from legal consequences, creating a legal inconsistency. Despite acknowledging concerns regarding potential moral decay if the law changed, the report's authors asserted that fears of an indiscriminate liberalisation were exaggerated. Mr. Selwyn Dawson, who presented the report, highlighted the Church's history of compassion for various offenders, lamenting that often, no similar compassion has been extended to those involved in homosexual behaviours. Dr. D. O. Williams added that homosexuality is quite prevalent in Auckland and urged rational consideration of the subject rather than an emotional response. In conclusion, the synods resolved to recommend to the Methodist Conference that the government undertake investigations into the causes of homosexuality, in line with the report's suggestions. The discussions reflect the complexities and tensions within the Church regarding issues of morality, legality, and societal attitudes towards homosexuality during this period.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19610830_2_68.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19610830.2.68,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-263217600
4171,14,09,1961,"Parliament Heavier Penalties For Many Crimes (Press, 14 September 1961)","On 13 September 1961, a significant reform to New Zealand's criminal code was introduced in the House of Representatives through the Crimes Bill. This legislation retains the death penalty for specific severe crimes, including the newly defined ""aggravated murder,"" repeat murder offenders, and treason. For other forms of murder, however, the death penalty is replaced with mandatory life imprisonment. Life imprisonment will also continue for manslaughter, but all other life sentences are abolished. The bill, which spans 183 pages and comprises 412 clauses, aims to revise and consolidate the criminal code, addressing the inadequacies of existing laws. Aggravated murder is defined as an intentional killing that is premeditated and deliberate or committed during the commission of another crime. Importantly, charges must specify circumstances that meet this definition, and individuals cannot be convicted of murder due simply to carelessness. The expectation of knowing the potential lethal consequences of their actions is retained, while a provision that convicted persons “ought to have known” has been removed. Notably, the bill exempts pregnant women and minors under 18 from the death penalty. The legislation also introduces an appeal process for individuals charged with murder or aggravated murder, allowing them to contest prior convictions if they can prove that the court error warrants it. Additionally, certain provisions from English and Scottish law regarding diminished responsibility are included, which could reduce a murder charge to manslaughter for offenders suffering from significant mental health issues. Other notable changes include an increased maximum penalty for car conversion from three to seven years, aligning it with theft penalties. Attempted suicide is decriminalised, shifting the focus to treatment under health legislation. The bill abolishes the grand jury system, expands the definition of rape to include coercive circumstances, and significantly revises penalties for various sexual offences, increasing sentences for crimes against minors. The bill also creates several new offences, ranging from communicating secrets to kidnapping, with varying maximum penalties. Moreover, the Supreme Court gains powers to impose confidentiality restrictions for trials in the interest of justice. Significantly, the definition of provocation is altered to allow broader circumstances to qualify, potentially reducing culpable homicide to manslaughter. The bill also updates provisions concerning defamatory libel, radio, and television slander. The Crimes Bill is set to come into effect on 1 January 1962, as part of a broader legislative package that includes minor amendments through a Summary Proceedings Amendment Bill. This reform marks a substantial change in New Zealand's legal landscape targeting crime, punishment, and the protection of rights, reflecting a shift towards more humane treatment in the justice system while addressing public safety and morality.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19610914_2_148.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19610914.2.148,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-261921600
4172,07,11,1961,"Methodists In Favour Of Legal Toleration Of... (Press, 7 November 1961)","On 6 November 1961, the Methodist Conference in Auckland endorsed a report advocating for the legal toleration of homosexual acts between consenting adults. This report will be submitted to the New Zealand Government as a first step towards addressing issues surrounding homosexuality. The conference also called for further investigation into the causes of homosexuality, suggesting that government resources be allocated to support educational, medical, and psychiatric research. The report contended that acknowledging certain circumstances where homosexual behaviour should not be criminalised does not equate to endorsing immorality. It highlighted inconsistencies in current laws regarding homosexual offences, particularly noting that female homosexuality is largely overlooked by the legal system. The report pointed out that it is unjust for male homosexual acts to incur severe penalties while similar actions by women go unpunished. Furthermore, the conference expressed concern about inequities in punishment, stating that it is contrary to the common good for homosexual acts to face harsher penalties than adultery, which is essentially unpunished. It questioned the effectiveness of imprisonment as a deterrent for homosexual behaviour, arguing that most experts agree such punishment is largely futile. The report also countered fears that legal reform would lead to rampant licence, asserting that the actual deterrent effect of existing laws is unclear, and many individuals engage in homosexual acts regardless of legal consequences. In addition to addressing homosexuality, the conference requested that its public questions committee prepare a statement regarding flogging and similar corporal punishment, particularly as a supposed remedy for moral offences. It also encouraged the inter-church council of public affairs to explore the discrimination faced by athletes who refuse to play or compete on Sundays due to personal convictions. The conference expressed strong support for the New Zealand Parliament's recent decision to abolish the death penalty for murder, praising the Minister of Justice, Mr Hanan, for his principled stance. They also advocated for the abolition of the death penalty for treason, reflecting their broader commitment to reforming punitive measures in society.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19611107_2_76.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19611107.2.76,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-257256000
4173,31,03,1962,"The Beckford Legend (Press, 31 March 1962)","The book ""England's Wealthiest Son"" by Boyd Alexander focuses on William Beckford, a significant figure in 18th-century literature known primarily for his novel ""Vathek."" This work is noted for bringing the allure and brutality of the East to English readers far more effectively than previous translations like Galland's ""The Arabian Nights."" Although ""Vathek"" may not stand as a literary masterpiece today, it carries historical importance, capturing themes of the voracious pursuit of experiences and the self-absorbed nature of characters in European literature during that period. Beckford, who was believed to be the wealthiest man in Britain at the time, led a life that attracted considerable public attention. His wealth, eccentric lifestyle, and the persistent allegations regarding his homosexual tendencies made him a figure of intrigue. Alexander's book delves into these aspects, attempting to dissect the rumours surrounding Beckford and offering a defence against them. While much of Beckford's life is familiar to literary scholars, with two recent biographies published, Boyd Alexander opts for focusing on specific themes rather than providing a detailed biography. He examines Beckford's troubling dreams, suggesting that the guilt associated with his adolescent feelings and his awareness of societal judgement intensified his emotional struggle. This internal conflict haunted him, influencing many elements of his life and work. Moreover, Boyd portrays Beckford as a man who often lacked self-reliance, frequently seeking validation and understanding from others. His sense of isolation was amplified by what was perceived as his ""unEnglishness,"" a topic that seemed to plague his family, which was described as “ill-starred, persecuted and accursed.” The book also highlights the ongoing scholarship surrounding Beckford, noting that ""Beckford scholarship"" is robust and thriving. Boyd's writing is praised for its clarity and sophistication, with extensive bibliographies and scholarly notes complementing the narrative. The visually appealing and well-illustrated presentation of the book makes it a noteworthy edition for those interested in literary history and the complexities of Beckford's character.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19620331_2_17_9.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19620331.2.17.9,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-244814400
7624,19,04,1962,"Five Years’ Gaol For Breaking And Entering (Press, 19 April 1962)","John Albert Arthur, a 42-year-old dealer, was sentenced to five years in prison by Mr Justice Richmond in the Supreme Court on 19 April 1962 for breaking and entering the Runanga Co-operative Society's store with intent to commit a crime. The incident occurred on 30 March 1962, and Arthur had pleaded guilty to the charge, having previously been convicted in the Greymouth Magistrate’s Court. Defence counsel Mr G. S. Brockett indicated that Arthur had distanced himself from bad influences prior to the crime, but during a period of excessive drinking at a Christchurch hotel, he was persuaded by another man to travel to the West Coast. Upon reaching Runanga, Arthur was incapacitated by alcohol when they attempted to blow open a safe in the store. His role in the crime was primarily as a lookout. The court's evidence mentioned that the odour of cordite was detected on Arthur's clothing, but there was no mention of alcohol in the description of his condition. Mr Brockett clarified that the influence of alcohol was not offered as an excuse for the crime and asserted that Arthur had never relied on liquor as a defence. The defence maintained that there had been no prior planning by Arthur, which distinguished his actions from those typical of a premeditated crime. In contrast, the prosecution, represented by Mr C. M. Roper, argued that Arthur was fully aware of the crime he was committing, describing it as serious and expertly executed, thus dismissing the notion that he was in a semi-drunken state. Mr Roper pointed out that materials used for the burglary, which were found in Arthur's possession after the crime, contradicted the claims of a spontaneous decision. His Honour raised doubts regarding whether Arthur or his accomplice had actually blown the safe. Evidence indicated that the criminal partner responsible for the burglary had not been located. It was suggested that the crime had been committed impulsively, although Arthur had ample time to contemplate the consequences during their trip. In his remarks, Mr Justice Richmond acknowledged Arthur's previous efforts to reform and considered the seriousness of the offence. The judge concluded that despite the uncertainty of Arthur's exact involvement in the crime, he had played an active role. Ultimately, he opted for a finite sentence instead of preventive detention, though he noted the severity of the crime. The maximum penalty for such an offence could have entailed a ten-year prison term. Additionally, in a separate case also reported on the same day, Robin Arthur Walker, a 24-year-old, was sentenced to 11 months' imprisonment for two charges of sodomy. His sentences were to run concurrently, and upon his release, he would be on probation for a year with specific conditions regarding medical treatment or advice as recommended by the probation officer.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19620419_2_41.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19620419.2.41,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-243172800
4174,30,06,1962,"Banning Of Book (Press, 30 June 1962)","On 30 June 1962, it was reported that the book ""The Way of Love,"" by New Zealand author James Courage, has been banned by the Customs Department in New Zealand. The book, which features a homosexual theme, had been available to the public since February 1959. Courage, originally from Christchurch and now residing in England, is recognised for his work as a novelist and has written several other titles such as ""The Fifth Child"" and ""Desire Without Content."" The assistant librarian at the Canterbury Public Library, Mr J. E. D. Stringleman, stated that to his knowledge, the book had not been brought to the attention of the advisory committee to determine whether it should be classified as an indecent publication. He mentioned that despite the ban communicated by the Customs Department, the book had already been available for over three years and those interested had likely read it by now. He noted that while there had been a few reservations for the book, overall demand had been low. A representative from the Customs Department indicated that they were not aware of the reasons behind the ban, as no formal notification had been received from their head office regarding the decision. The representative expressed a belief that banning the book was unnecessary. A survey conducted among several booksellers in Christchurch revealed that none currently had the book in stock, although it had been available for purchase when it was first released. One bookseller suggested that the reason for the ban could be related to an upcoming paperback edition, although major paperback publishers did not list it in their schedules. James Courage was born in Amberley, New Zealand, and was educated at Christ’s College. He is known for his contributions to literature, particularly in exploring themes related to identity and sexuality.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19620630_2_95.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19620630.2.95,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-236952000
4175,11,07,1962,"Book Censorship (Press, 11 July 1962)","The treatment of James Courage's novel ""A Way of Love"" has brought attention to the need for reform in New Zealand's book censorship laws, which Mr Hanan, the Minister of Justice, is advocating for. This situation highlights the inefficiency of the current censorship system, as libraries and booksellers were only recently notified to withdraw the book, despite it being available in New Zealand since February 1959. Critics argue that the censorship process has been ineffectively managed. Notably, Courage's book was not reviewed by the independent advisory committee meant to evaluate its literary quality and other pertinent aspects. Instead, the recommendation to possibly take action against the book was made by a departmental committee comprising officials from the Customs and Justice Departments along with the Crown Law Office, who solely advised that ""certain action"" might be warranted upon the book's importation or display, lacking the authority to outright ban it. The criteria used to deem books acceptable or unacceptable in New Zealand remain ambiguous, primarily because no explicit reasons were provided concerning ""A Way of Love."" This novel addresses homosexual themes, raising concerns that if it were excluded solely for that reason, other respected modern novels covering similar material would also need to be banned. Reference was made to Sir John Wolfenden, who chaired a British Royal Commission discussing homosexuality and noted the importance of producing reports that any informed member of the public could understand. There are questions as to whether New Zealand's censorship body would also react similarly to the findings of the Wolfenden Report. Courage's book appears not to have been evaluated based on its literary merit, as there lacks any indication of such an assessment being conducted. Critics argue that had it been reviewed for its literary quality, it would likely not have been deemed unacceptable. Furthermore, it is posited that the book does not contain pornographic content. A reviewer from ""The Press"" noted that Courage's examination of the subject was ""sober, serious, and dignified,"" suggesting that the disapproving actions stemmed more from the themes explored rather than the quality or explicitness of the writing. If the interdepartmental committee were to pursue a consistent stance and act against all literature that examines homosexual themes, it would risk undermining its credibility. Such an approach could galvanise public support for the reforms that Mr Hanan seeks to implement regarding the censorship of books in New Zealand, addressing the inconsistencies identified in the current framework.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19620711_2_70.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19620711.2.70,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-236001600
4176,13,07,1962,"Book Censorship (Press, 13 July 1962)","In a letter published on 13 July 1962, the writer, signing as Proteus, responded to a leader article on the topic of homosexuality. They expressed agreement with the article's timely insights and referenced the book “A Way of Love,” suggesting it likely overlapped in themes with ""A Way of Life"" by Peter Wildblood, which addressed homosexual issues. Proteus raised a critical point about societal perceptions of literature discussing sexual deviations, questioning why such works are seen as more demoralising than those featuring promiscuous behaviour commonly depicted in other writings which receive no censorship. The writer highlighted the incongruity in how literature is treated under the law, noting that while some sexually explicit material is freely available, others are strictly prohibited. This contradiction was deemed absurd by Proteus, drawing a parallel using Euclidean logic to emphasise the point. The letter concluded by expressing discontent with these inconsistencies in how literature related to sexuality was governed.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19620713_2_10_2.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19620713.2.10.2,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-235828800
4177,14,07,1962,"A Subject Of “advice” (Press, 14 July 1962)","On 14 July 1962, a controversy emerged surrounding the novel ""A Way of Love"" by New Zealand author James Courage, following an interdepartmental committee's advice that implied threats of prosecution for bookstores and libraries that continued to stock the book. As a result, many booksellers and libraries chose to withdraw it from their shelves. The article also includes a reprint of a review from March 28, 1959, which discusses the novel in detail. James Courage is recognised as a skilled expatriate New Zealand writer, known for his sensitive exploration of personal relationships within the context of New Zealand life from decades earlier. However, ""A Way of Love"" marks a departure from his previous works, as it presents a thorough and sympathetic study of a homosexual relationship. This shift poses a surprise for many of Courage's readers, given that his earlier novels only hinted at themes of homosexuality. The review notes that Courage's approach is serious and dignified, aiming to foster public understanding of the challenges faced by homosexual individuals who are also principled and conscientious. Despite this, the review expresses reservations about the appropriateness of the subject matter being addressed in this way. Its structure is critiqued as resembling an argument laid out in novel form, leading to an overall impression of tedium, attributed to the emotional emptiness and frustrations of the characters portrayed. The story centres on a middle-aged architect who has reconciled his homosexual identity and created a lifestyle compatible with it while living in London. The architect's relationships consist primarily of other men, with the narrative touching upon the loneliness and promiscuity experienced by many in the homosexual community in that era. One couple featured in the story appears to have found relative happiness, though such outcomes are portrayed as infrequent. The architect meets a young man at a concert, sensing a shared homosexual identity. He engages with the young man carefully, allowing him the agency to make a choice. However, the young man struggles to accept his own identity and ultimately leaves the architect, resulting in a poignant conclusion to the narrative. The review notes that Courage's sober and candid account of the characters may resonate emotionally even with the most prejudiced readers. Additionally, Courage lightly addresses the criminal aspects associated with homosexual life in urban settings but refrains from delving deeply into these themes. His focus remains on the honest struggle of individuals seeking to lead a life that, as much as possible, aligns with societal norms. Overall, ""A Way of Love"" is positioned as a significant but contentious work that promises to expand understanding and empathy toward the complexities of homosexual existence.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19620714_2_8_3.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19620714.2.8.3,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-235742400
6550,14,07,1962,"Afflicted (Press, 14 July 1962)","""Born Like That"" by Denise Legrix, published by Souvenir Press, tells the powerful story of Denise, born in a Norman peasant family in 1930, weighing just four pounds and without arms or legs. From a young age, she demonstrated an indomitable spirit, determined to overcome her adversities. Despite her family's extreme poverty and inability to support her, Denise learned to feed herself, move, and ultimately became skilled in sewing and painting. To expand her market for her handmade crafts, she participated in a sideshow, only to find herself exploited and mistreated by the proprietor and his wife. This unsettling experience exemplified the brutal realities she faced. After managing to escape this ordeal, Denise began anew but encountered significant challenges, including cruelty from others. Nevertheless, she found solace and camaraderie with other disabled individuals, even as charitable institutions often focused on her commercial potential rather than her personal struggles. With her parents ageing and in need of support, Denise took it upon herself to care for them. However, she faced further misfortune when the house she purchased for them was destroyed in WWII bombing. Additional hardships arose as she managed the complexities of employing a personal maid, encountering further apathy and unkindness. The narrative, as captured by the author, is devoid of self-pity and presents a raw depiction of her arduous journey. Denise ultimately channeled her suffering into her art, attaining a degree of success and stability. The overarching message of the book is a testament to resilience and the human spirit, with the author urging readers to confront the realities of her life rather than offering a fairy tale. While the book may not be enjoyable for everyone, its powerful account serves as an important read for those willing to understand the struggles faced by severely handicapped individuals.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19620714_2_8_4.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19620714.2.8.4,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-235742400
4178,21,07,1962,"Guilt (Press, 21 July 1962)","On 21 July 1962, a review was published for the book ""Guilt, its meaning and significance"" by John G. McKenzie. The author, who had a notable career as a Professor of Social Science and Psychology at Paton College in Nottingham, England, draws from his extensive experience in writing about human issues faced by individuals across the spectrum of society. His weekly writings are widely read throughout the Commonwealth, attesting to his resonance with readers on matters of psychological impact. The review highlights that this new work is a significant contribution to psychological discourse, focusing on the concept of guilt, which is a universal experience among humans. It emphasises the debilitating nature of guilt, suggesting it underlies many psychological issues encountered in practice. As mental illness becomes increasingly prevalent, McKenzie argues for the need to understand and address the inhibitive role of guilt in therapy. McKenzie differentiates between objective guilt, which is addressed predominantly by the legal system—where an individual may be deemed not responsible for their inherent condition, yet accountable for their actions—and subjective guilt, which poses a challenge for psychologists and theologians alike. The author underscores the difficulty psychiatrists face when providing testimonies in legal contexts, noting the complex nature of impulsive actions leading to crimes. He critiques existing legal frameworks, particularly the McNaghten Rules, implying that they fall short in dealing with the nuances of uncontrollable impulses following a crime. The interplay of law, ethics, and theology regarding guilt is a central concern of the book. McKenzie bases his arguments on extensive reading and personal case studies, deepening the reader's understanding of the psychological burden of guilt. He particularly shines when addressing the intersection of religion and guilt. Having tutored numerous divinity students, McKenzie articulates the profound emotional struggles associated with personal guilt and the desire for forgiveness. He notes the difficulty individuals have in forgiving themselves, despite seeking pardons for their transgressions. The author posits that while sins may leave lasting effects, spiritual restoration can alleviate the burden of guilt. The review concludes by noting that McKenzie’s work is valuable and engaging, making it accessible even to readers unfamiliar with psychological terminology. Each chapter includes curated reading lists, further aiding readers in exploring the complexities surrounding guilt. Overall, ""Guilt, its meaning and significance"" is presented as an insightful exploration that will interest various practitioners and scholars in the fields of psychology and theology.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19620721_2_13.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19620721.2.13,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-235137600
4179,07,08,1962,"Architect For Sentence (Press, 7 August 1962)","On 7 August 1962, William Thorrold Jaggard, a 48-year-old architect from Palmerston North, was committed to the Supreme Court on multiple serious charges, including 11 counts of indecent assault on males and one count of attempted assault. The case was characterised by the presiding magistrate, Mr D. G. Sinclair, as particularly severe, with a maximum penalty of seven years' imprisonment applicable. The offences occurred between January 13, 1956, and 2 August 1962, involving young males aged 17 to 29. Detective Senior Sergeant F. A. Gordon provided insights into the nature of the crimes, indicating that the majority of the assaults took place in a bar-like setting set up in Jaggard's rooms. Jaggard admitted to all charges, which spared the victims from the distress of recounting their experiences in court. A police search revealed indecent literature and photographs in Jaggard’s possession, including a biography he authored titled ""Confessions of a Homosexual."" Incredibly, a list of 93 local youths and men was found with Jaggard, each entry noted with a numerical code and date that suggested the degree of indecency encountered by these individuals. Although possible additional charges could have been brought against him, the current charges were deemed sufficient for prosecution at this stage. Detective Gordon highlighted the gravity of the situation, noting that Jaggard had exploited his respected position within the community to perpetrate acts of indecency, particularly against vulnerable youths who had sought his guidance for career advice. Gordon stated that the indecent activities had reportedly been ongoing for 32 years, based on Jaggard's own admissions. He condemned Jaggard's actions as intentionally manipulative, illustrating a methodical approach to seducing young men over the years. Defending Jaggard was Mr H. Y. Gilliand, while Jaggard was remanded in custody pending further proceedings. The case stands out not only for its distressing content but also for the significant breach of trust involved, given Jaggard's professional standing in society.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19620807_2_156.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19620807.2.156,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-233668800
4180,28,08,1962,"Prison Life Described By Psychiatrist (Press, 28 August 1962)","In an article published in the New Zealand Medical Journal on 28 August 1962, Dr. A. J. W. Taylor, a psychiatrist based in Wellington, discusses the complex social dynamics and psychological impacts of life in Mount Crawford Prison. He argues that when individuals are denied the opportunity to become responsible citizens, they often turn their efforts towards becoming effective criminals. Dr. Taylor highlights that the prison environment fosters a distinct moral and economic framework in which inmates seek mutual support, and this can lead to a deterioration of moral values. He explains that new inmates, or novices, feel compelled to emulate professional criminals, particularly if they feel rejected by society or their families. Within the prison, inmates are influenced by one another, often rejecting the role of staff and adhering to a code that discourages collaboration with authorities. The primary crime within this setting, Dr. Taylor notes, is being caught stealing from fellow inmates, followed closely by being labelled an informer. Dr. Taylor observes a general reluctance among inmates to engage in productive activities, which is often linked to feelings of lethargy. However, he identifies that opportunities to engage in meaningful tasks during emergencies, such as fire-fighting, can foster cooperation and improve morale. He notes that certain times, such as the quarterly parole board sessions or Christmas, evoke heightened emotional responses, serving as reminders of their confinement. The article also delves into the social hierarchy present among inmates, where individuals are classified based on the nature of their crimes. Professional individuals who have faltered in their careers, such as lawyers or teachers, find themselves on the same social level as seasoned criminals, while those convicted of lesser crimes are ranked lower. This hierarchy is rigid, resulting in inmates gravitating towards those with similar backgrounds, even if they may have noble intentions of promoting inclusivity. Dr. Taylor highlights that inmates often create elaborate stories to explain their absence from society, and many show little interest in improving prison conditions upon their release, likely out of fear of being perceived as suspicious citizens. He concludes by stating that therapeutic interventions can aid inmates in adjusting to prison life. While the long-term effectiveness of such therapies in helping former inmates reintegrate into society remains uncertain, he believes that the immediate benefits of therapy for adjusting to the prison environment are significant.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19620828_2_270.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19620828.2.270,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-231854400
7417,01,09,1962,"Knowledge Is Just One Universe After Another (Press, 1 September 1962)","Dr. G. Schlesinger, a senior lecturer at the Australian National University, presented a thought-provoking paper entitled “What Is Science For?” at the A.N.Z.A.A.S. Congress in Sydney. He proposed a hypothetical society that retains an eighteenth-century understanding of geometry, juxtaposed with highly advanced technology capable of intergalactic travel. Illustrating his argument, Schlesinger drew a scenario where a cosmic explorer, upon embarking on a journey through an infinite shell of concentric universes, encounters duplicates of his home and loved ones in a universe resembling his own. He suggested that, under Euclidean geometry, the only explanation for this phenomenon would be the existence of these multiple universes, all linked in synchrony as the explorer journeyed in a straight line. Schlesinger elaborated on the implications if non-Euclidean geometries were accepted, positing that such developments could theoretically allow a traveller to return to their original point despite travelling in a straight line. This analogy served to highlight the complex landscape of modern science, where navigating through its various branches can feel like traversing unconnected realms. The A.N.Z.A.A.S. Congress aimed to bridge perceived divides between various scientific disciplines through public engagement initiatives, including introductory lectures and symposia focused on interdisciplinary topics. Despite these attempts, many delegates remained rooted in their individual specialties, as the increasing complexity and specialisation of knowledge made cross-disciplinary understanding challenging. Professor A. P. Elkin remarked on the disparity in depth and accessibility within scientific fields, noting how specialisation had led to a situation where even different branches of the same science often felt disconnected from one another. Professor N. S. Bayliss, the president of A.N.Z.A.A.S., observed trends indicating that, while the body of scientific knowledge has been growing rapidly—doubling in size every eight years compared to every 13 years only decades prior—the ability for any single individual to grasp the entirety of science has diminished significantly. This trend illustrates the growing complexity of knowledge, marking a departure from the era when a single person could comprehend all scientific advancements. Ultimately, the Congress highlighted a pressing need for scientists and the public alike to acknowledge the interconnectedness of various disciplines amidst the encroaching complexity and specialisation in the field. The reality of modern science is a unified challenge that requires collaborative efforts, even as the experience of attending such conferences can often feel like navigating through a series of isolated universes.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19620901_2_72.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19620901.2.72,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-231508800
4181,15,09,1962,"King James's Court (Press, 15 September 1962)","On 15 September 1962, a review was published detailing Professor G. P. V. Akrigg's book ""Jacobean Pageant: The Court of King James I."" The work aims to portray the era of James I, particularly focusing on his court, alongside a history of his reign and significant aspects of it. Akrigg, from the University of British Columbia, employs a method that blends narrative with descriptions, centring predominantly on the intricacies of the court, its organisation, notable figures, their lifestyles, and the disruptions to its routine. The reviewer finds the book's focus on court ceremonials, incidents, and scandals, as well as the insights into foreign ambassadors and court favourites, to be captivating. However, this interest is described as stemming from an accumulation of trivial facts about a vastly different time rather than a cohesive narrative or analysis that could lend depth to the subject matter. While ""Jacobean Pageant"" is deemed readable, it is critiqued for being poorly structured and somewhat condescending. The reviewer suggests Akrigg has become overly engrossed in the details, allowing the material to overwhelm the narrative structure instead of maintaining a disciplined focus. Some sections appear redundant, as they recount information previously presented in other studies without contributing substantial new insights. The examination of King James's relationships with his favourites, particularly with Carr and Buckingham, is noted to hint at a possible homosexual bond, yet the author does not delve into this aspect comprehensively. Additionally, while the book discusses the organisation of the Privy Council and its interactions with Parliament, it lacks novel contributions to these well-established topics. Although James's character receives a sympathetic portrayal, the review notes that little new information enhances the existing knowledge about him. In sum, Professor Akrigg's work presents a collection of intriguing yet disconnected facts about the Jacobean court, missing the chance to provide significant insights into early seventeenth-century English history. The review concludes that while the book holds interest, its overall purpose and contribution could be clearer.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19620915_2_10.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19620915.2.10,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-230299200
4182,25,09,1962,"‘Taste Of Honey' (Press, 25 September 1962)","On 25 September 1962, it was announced that the Phoenix Theatre would be staging Shelagh Delaney's acclaimed play ""A Taste of Honey"" from 9 to 13 October. This performance will mark the commencement of a new series of modern play presentations aimed at small audiences, as the theatre has a seating capacity of approximately 150. ""A Taste of Honey,"" notable for being one of the most significant plays of the decade, debuted when Delaney was just 19 years old. The play quickly gained popularity on stage and was subsequently adapted into a film. Set predominantly in a dilapidated flat in Manchester, the narrative revolves around Helen, an aging woman with a carefree attitude, and her daughter Jo. Helen's current partner, Peter, finds them in their flat and persuades her to move in with him, leaving Jo alone once more for Christmas. Jo then begins a relationship with a coloured sailor, who stays with her until the New Year. In the second act, Jo's pregnancy becomes apparent, and she is taken care of by Geoffrey, a homosexual boy who is eventually forced to leave when Helen returns, seeking to manage the birth of Jo's baby after being rejected by Peter. The play is recognised for its blend of humour and realism, eschewing the sentimental tropes often seen in contemporary ""kitchen sink"" dramas. Delaney's objective portrayal and fresh perspective on her characters' thoughts and emotions resonate with many in today's society. In this production, Daphne Milburn portrays Helen, while Olwyn Sanders, recently arrived from Hawke’s Bay, plays Jo. Lionel Rogers will take on the role of Peter, Barrie McIntyre will play Geoffrey, and Gordon Styles depicts the coloured sailor. Alastair Meldrum serves as producer and Gordon Styles is responsible for set design. Additionally, there will be a performance at the Lincoln community centre on 5 October. The Aranui Little Theatre group is also set to present its second performance, featuring three one-act plays at the Aranui High School assembly hall on 27 and 29 September at 8 p.m. The plays include ""Parlour Game"" and ""The Legend,"" written by Philip Johnson, and ""Six Maids a’Hopping,"" by Stuart Ready. The production team for this event consists of Natalie Brittenden, Alex Aitchison, and George Millburn.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19620925_2_174.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19620925.2.174,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-229435200
7625,30,10,1962,"Admission Of Sodomy (Press, 30 October 1962)","Rex David Young, a 37-year-old cinema manager from Eltham, was sentenced to 18 months' imprisonment for sodomy in the Supreme Court in New Plymouth on 29 October 1962. Young had pleaded guilty to the charge involving a 17-year-old male. His lawyer, Mr J. A. Dean, argued that while the offence was serious, it was a tragedy that Young had lost everything due to his inability to manage his emotions. He described the incident as isolated and noted that Young had recognised the need for medical and psychiatric treatment. Mr Justice Hutchison acknowledged the case's tragic nature, noting Young's fine Christian upbringing and sober habits. However, he emphasised the seriousness of the crime, particularly as it involved a youth, and mentioned that the association had been ongoing for a significant period. The judge underscored the importance of upholding community obligations, stating that a term of imprisonment was necessary in this situation.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19621030_2_73.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19621030.2.73,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-226411200
4183,03,11,1962,"Magistrate’s Court Argument Over Cuba Situation... (Press, 3 November 1962)","An incident on October 25, 1962, involving a heated argument over the situation in Cuba escalated into a physical confrontation at the pie cart in Cathedral Square. Sergeant B. D. Read provided testimony in court, noting that the altercation required police intervention to separate the involved parties. Peter James Olin, a 19-year-old truck driver, and 37-year-old scrap dealer Ronald Russell Taylor both pleaded guilty to charges related to the fight, receiving fines of £10 and £7 10s, respectively. Defence lawyer Mr G. R. Lascelles argued that Taylor was initially a bystander who became involved after derogatory comments were made, leading to the conflict. In other court proceedings, Robert Johnston, aged 67, was convicted of assault and fined £5, after admitting to being troublesome during a minor motor accident. Meanwhile, two youths received a discharge after tipping over a car in a drunken escapade, causing damage of £9 10s. Koro Ihaia, 22, was convicted of offensive behaviour after being found with rude phrases painted on his jacket while watching television. John William Davies, a 34-year-old labourer, also pleaded guilty to theft of a wheelbarrow, for which he was fined £10. A woman, whose name was suppressed, faced a charge of theft from Woolworths, resulting in a suspended sentence pending her adherence to probation conditions. In another case, Michael Walter Mac Gibbon, aged 20, and John Ernest Flutey, aged 26, were convicted and fined for stealing a warning lamp. Charges against Kenneth Peter Mansfield concerning driving without care and attention and assault were adjourned to December. Clifford James Jordan, a 30-year-old driver, was placed on probation for a year for pigeon theft, while Maxim Joseph Francis Huston, 17, was convicted of possessing a firearm and discharged. Breaches of probation led to two 20-year-olds receiving seven days’ imprisonment each. Furthermore, Robert Ross Munro and Desmond Frederick Stokes were fined for being on licensed premises during restricted hours. Deso Calbrik, 28, was fined for public drunkenness, while others faced consequences for various theft and breach of regulations, with some remanded for further hearings later in November. One notable case involved Trevor Jack Laby, sentenced to two years imprisonment for multiple charges of false pretences and obtaining credit by fraud, stemming from incidents across several locations over a month-long period. Similarly, William Lewis Lowey received a cumulative sentence of 18 months for theft and was recommended for deportation. Fraises and theft cases continued with one young offender’s bicycle theft leading to a £20 fine and restitution. Finally, several individuals related to assault charges and theft were remanded for further inquiries or awaiting sentencing, encapsulating a range of criminal activities discussed in court.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19621103_2_175.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19621103.2.175,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-226065600
4184,06,11,1962,"Counter-espionage By U.k. Embassy Men (Press, 6 November 1962)","British intelligence has come under scrutiny following revelations that agents stationed in embassies abroad had been feeding false information to Moscow after being recruited by Russian intelligence, as reported by the ""Sunday Telegraph"" on 4 November 1962. The article stated that some embassy employees who had reported attempts at compromise or blackmail from the Russians were subsequently employed for counterespionage efforts. Senior intelligence officials had been aware of Russia's interest in individuals with potential homosexual inclinations and noted that Russia had managed to identify candidates for recruitment even before they left Britain for diplomatic posts, thanks to information relayed by Russian agents operating within the country. The case of George Blake, a double agent serving a 42-year sentence, exemplifies this espionage issue, as he allegedly provided Moscow with detailed lists of individuals likely to be assigned to embassies. Similarly, William Vassall, an Admiralty spy currently serving an 18-year term, reportedly collected information regarding the drinking habits, sexual tendencies, and political opinions of those expected to be posted abroad. The ""Daily Telegraph"" also highlighted that deliberate ""plants"" within embassies were orchestrated to gain deeper insights into current Russian espionage techniques. While some individuals who had reported Russian advances were flown back to Britain without facing consequences, others were left in place for counter-espionage activities. In the wake of these revelations, the Labour Opposition launched a severe critique of the government regarding the Vassall case. Labour’s defence spokesman, Mr Patrick Gordon Walker, described Vassall’s actions as ""really hair-raising"" and expressed hope that Lord Carrington, the First Lord of the Admiralty, would resign if an investigation concluded that his department had been negligent in its oversight.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19621106_2_90.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19621106.2.90,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-225806400
4185,10,11,1962,"Minister Resigns In Naval Security Row (Press, 10 November 1962)","On 8 November 1962, a political uproar in the UK Parliament culminated in the resignation of Mr Thomas Galbraith, the Under-Secretary for Scotland and former Civil Lord of the Admiralty. This development followed a week of intense scrutiny regarding naval security after revelations about Galbraith's association with William Vassall, a homosexual who was sentenced to 18 years in prison for selling naval secrets to Russia. The Prime Minister, Mr Harold Macmillan, announced Galbraith's resignation during a session of the House of Commons, amidst allegations concerning the nature of his interactions with Vassall. The controversy arose after a series of personal letters from Galbraith to Vassall were unexpectedly published, revealing correspondence that mainly addressed mundane office matters but also included references to their ""friendship."" In response to the growing concerns about security, a three-man committee of senior civil servants was tasked with investigating the matter following the trial of Vassall. The committee concluded that, based on the letters, there was no evidence of a relationship that posed a security risk, prompting claims from the government that Galbraith's departure helped dispel the serious implications surrounding the case. However, the Labour Opposition expressed discontent with Macmillan's decision not to initiate an independent inquiry into Vassall’s case, leading them to issue a censure motion. A parliamentary debate on the motion was anticipated for the following week. Galbraith’s involvement with Vassall garnered particular attention when it was disclosed during the trial that Vassall had transported confidential Admiralty documents to Galbraith’s home in Scotland in a locked briefcase and that the two had shared a lunch together. Additionally, it was revealed that after the death of Vassall’s mother, Galbraith and his wife, who is Belgian-born, had briefly visited Vassall at his flat. Galbraith, who is 45 years old, has reportedly agreed to the release of his letters, which were found in Vassall's posh West End residence upon his arrest. Despite the resignation, it is understood that he intends to remain a member of Parliament. Following the resignation announcement, Mr Macmillan expressed confidence that the House would welcome the clarification provided by the investigation into Galbraith’s ties to Vassall.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19621110_2_182.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19621110.2.182,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-225460800
4186,12,11,1962,"Spy Case In U.k. (Press, 12 November 1962)","On 12 November 1962, the ""Sunday Telegraph"" reported that William John Vassall, a convicted Admiralty spy, was known to British diplomats in Moscow as a homosexual and that his connections with the Russians were acknowledged. Despite this knowledge, reports regarding Vassall from the British Embassy in Moscow were allegedly disregarded by the Admiralty. This has led to increasing calls for the control of service attaché staff in British embassies to be placed under the authority of the Foreign Office. The controversy surrounding Vassall is expected to escalate with a Labour motion of censure that will be debated in the House of Commons the following week, requesting the establishment of an independent inquiry into the incident. If it is confirmed that Vassall’s conduct had been reported to the embassy, his subsequent appointments within naval intelligence and the Civil Lord’s office would seem difficult to justify. Additionally, the ""People"" newspaper made connections between the Vassall case and the unsolved murder of an Admiralty clerk, Norman Rickard, who was found dead in February. Reports suggest that Rickard, who was also known to be homosexual, was working as an informant for Admiralty security on homosexuals in government when he was murdered. Speculations have arisen that Rickard may have been killed by a Russian assassin to conceal his investigation into Vassall, which the publication described as possibly orchestrated to appear as a sex-related crime. Rickard’s body was discovered in a wardrobe, restrained and strangled, raising suspicions about the motives behind his death. In other news, a Vietnamese airliner was reported missing, which was unaccounted for with 18 passengers and three crew members aboard. The aircraft, a two-engine DC3 belonging to South Vietnam's national airline, lost contact with air traffic control shortly after taking off from Hue. This incident occurred approximately 400 miles north of Saigon and adds to the day's significant headlines.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19621112_2_120.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19621112.2.120,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-225288000
4187,13,11,1962,"Four Soldiers Charged (Press, 13 November 1962)","On 12 November 1962, the Magistrate's Court in Palmerston North heard guilty pleas from four soldiers from the Linton Army Camp on multiple charges of indecent assault on males. Mr D. G. Sinclair, S.M. presided over the case, with Mr H. Y. Gilliand representing all the accused. The court dealt with a total of 18 charges, with three of the accused being remanded in custody until 19 November for a probation officer's report and sentencing. The fourth accused, a 19-year-old, was granted bail. Among the accused was Bertram Harvey, aged 40, who pleaded guilty to nine counts related to offences committed at the Linton and Waiouru military establishments between April 1959 and November 1962. Detective Senior-Sergeant F. A. Gordon informed the court that Harvey had submitted a statement concerning his homosexual activities, although he did not intend to present it during the proceedings, instead passing it directly to the magistrate. William John Leslie Story, aged 24, entered a guilty plea to five charges stemming from incidents at Linton between February and November 1962. Robert Martin Peeples, aged 23, admitted to two charges at Linton, which arose from investigations at those military establishments. Notably, it was mentioned that Peeples held a commission within the army. The fourth soldier, Rodney William John Wilkinson, aged 19, also faced two charges at Linton and had been suspended from duty during the legal process. The court proceedings brought to light serious allegations of sexual misconduct within the military establishments and raised questions about the conduct and oversight within the armed forces during that period. The implications of these offences and the varying ages and ranks of the accused highlighted broader issues concerning discipline and behaviour among servicemen.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19621113_2_192.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19621113.2.192,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-225201600
4188,13,12,1962,"All-night Sitting On State Services Bill Likely (Press, 13 December 1962)","On 12 December 1962, the New Zealand Parliament was set to debate the State Services Bill through the night, following five days of intense discussions led by the Opposition. The urgency for both the State Services Bill and the Government Railways Amendment Bill was requested earlier in the day, reflecting the contentious nature of the measures being discussed. By late evening, more than half of the clauses in the State Services Bill had been passed, most with little to no opposition. One significant point of discussion was Clause 17, which proposed the establishment of a committee to advise on salary matters within the Public Service. Opposition member Mr A. H. Nordmeyer noted the difficulties previously encountered in addressing salary issues. Minister of Labour Mr Shand highlighted the challenges of setting fair salaries for higher earners and stressed the necessity of ensuring adequate remuneration to retain experienced public servants. Another area of contention arose around the appointment of outsiders to the Public Service. Mr Nordmeyer suggested changing the wording in the bill to indicate that outsiders should have 'substantially' more merit for positions than internal candidates. Meanwhile, the process for filling certain high-level positions sparked debate, with Mr Nordmeyer expressing concerns over diminished rights to appeal appointments, suggesting that a new committee structure would favour the existing commission due to its voting powers. Despite attempts to amend the provisions around appeals in appointment decisions, the proposed changes were lost in parliamentary votes. Furthermore, the bill included clauses on staff transfers related to national security, which faced scrutiny from Opposition members. Mr M. A. Connelly raised issues regarding the broad powers given to the security review authority, which did not allow for appeal on its decisions. Mr Shand defended the necessity of these measures, explaining that they would not be punitive but rather preventive, aimed at protecting the state's integrity. He attempted to reassure members by stating that the commission would ensure that any staff transferred due to security concerns would not suffer pay or seniority loss. However, Mr Nordmeyer countered that such measures could damage the reputation and standing of the affected individuals, leading to public disrepute based on potentially unfounded claims. During the discussion, the Prime Minister, Mr Holyoake, spoke against the idea that political motivations would influence the commission's decisions. The debate continued into the evening, with the remaining clauses of the bill being passed with minimal discussion. At 10.48 p.m., discussions shifted to the controversial Clause 42, which dealt with survey and ruling rates for salaries, ensuring that this aspect would require further deliberation. Overall, the heated exchanges underscored deep divides in Parliament over the legislation's implications for public service management, salary determination, and individual rights within the public sector.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19621213_2_144.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19621213.2.144,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-222609600
4193,24,01,1963,"Brinham’s Death (Press, 24 January 1963)","On 21 January 1963, an 18-year-old named Laurence Thomas Somers was found not guilty of the manslaughter of George Ivor Brinham, a former chairman of the British Labour Party. Brinham, aged 45, was discovered dead with head injuries in his London flat in November of the previous year. During the trial at the Old Bailey, Somers pleaded not guilty to the murder charge. The presiding judge instructed the jury to disregard the murder charge, stating that Somers's account indicated that Brinham had made unwanted homosexual advances towards him, which prompted Somers to strike Brinham with a decanter in self-defence. The judge believed that this scenario represented a clear case of provocation, leading to Somers's discharge from the court.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630124_2_72.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630124.2.72,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-218980800
4194,25,01,1963,"Evidence On Spy’s Flat At Inquiry (Press, 25 January 1963)","On 23 January 1963, during a British security inquiry, reporter Norman Frederick Lucas testified about his findings in the flat of convicted Admiralty spy William Vassall. Lucas, a crime reporter for the ""Sunday Pictorial,"" revealed that he discovered an array of unusual items, including perfume, cuddly toys, women’s corsetry catalogues, and photographs of French rugby players. His investigation at Vassall’s residence occurred after the spy's arrest, as he had been granted permission to negotiate publishing rights for Vassall’s life story. During his testimony, Lucas detailed how he noted the flat's decor and contents, which he described as being more indicative of a woman’s living space. He mentioned the presence of nine or ten bottles of perfume, colognes, and talcum powders, leading him to conclude that the environment felt distinctly feminine. Notably, he found a cuddly stuffed cheetah and a teddy bear among the belongings. Lucas also came across 80 to 100 photographs, some of which included images of the former Civil Lord of the Admiralty, Mr Thomas Galbraith. When queried about how Vassall might have obtained these photographs, Lucas suggested that they could have originated from Galbraith's wastepaper basket. The inquiry's chairman, Lord Radcliffe, interjected during the proceedings, clarifying that it was already understood that Vassall had homosexual tendencies, which were significant to the investigation. He expressed the need for the tribunal to assess whether Vassall's sexual orientation should have been evident to those in a position to report on him. Lucas further indicated that he had come across several letters in Vassall's flat written in unusually affectionate terms by various men, which further highlighted Vassall's private life. He recounted that after visiting the flat, the lingering smell of perfume remained on his hands for two days. Overall, Lucas's testimony provided insight into the personal and unusual aspects of Vassall's life, which, combined with his background as a spy, sparked significant interest and scrutiny during the inquiry.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630125_2_90.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630125.2.90,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-218894400
4195,30,01,1963,"Vassall To Appear Before Tribunal (Press, 30 January 1963)","On 28 January 1963, the Radcliffe tribunal in London continued to investigate British naval security by questioning journalists regarding their information sources related to convicted spy William Vassall. Vassall, a former Admiralty clerk serving an 18-year sentence for espionage for Russia, was anticipated to testify publicly that day. However, due to time constraints, he could not appear and was driven back to prison. The tribunal expected him to return to testify the following day. During the session, two journalists were called as witnesses. The first, Mr. Rented Norris, detailed his interviews with Vassall's former teachers and classmates, who characterised him as ""strange"" and a ""sissy"". The second journalist, Mr. Peter Burden, revealed his assignment to assess Vassall's sexual orientation and connections with homosexual circles. Burden recounted a meeting with a man who had befriended Vassall while on holiday in Capri in 1966, noting that they did not stay at the same place but Vassall claimed he was lodging at an inn. Burden indicated he had visited several clubs in London's West End known to be frequented by homosexuals, and he confirmed finding two which Vassall was known to have visited. In a related testimony, the tribunal heard a 16-minute tape recording featuring interviews with Vassall’s housemate, Mrs. Murray, and a journalist identified as Mr. Yeas. Mrs. Murray mentioned that she was in another room during an incident at their flat involving Vassall and assumed the visitor was Mr. Thomas Garbraith, whom Vassall later identified as his ""boss."" The tribunal’s ongoing investigation highlighted the complexities surrounding Vassall's case, raising questions about his background and relationships, as well as broader implications for naval security in Britain. The questioning of the journalists aimed to expose the links between Vassall's personal life and his activities as a spy, amid increasing scrutiny on the handling of sensitive information within the military and government circles.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630130_2_117.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630130.2.117,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-218462400
4196,26,03,1963,"Old Royal Scandal Raised (Press, 26 March 1963)","On 24 March 1963, it was reported that a document revealing a historical scandal involving the Duke of Cumberland, a relative of Queen Victoria, may be published pending the Queen's consent. The “Sunday Telegraph” stated that this document includes an alleged confession from the Duke regarding the murder of his valet, Selis, who was discovered with a cut throat in a locked room in 1818. Although a coroner's jury ruled the death a suicide, suspicion lingered that the Duke had committed the act after the valet attempted to blackmail him concerning a homosexual advance. The Duke of Cumberland, who later became King of Hanover in 1837, was noted for his controversial sexual activities, which resulted in two illegitimate children. These activities made him susceptible to accusations of promiscuity and even incest, as highlighted by radical journalists and politicians at the time. The allegations have drawn significant interest, especially with the potential for fresh scrutiny of a long-buried royal scandal. The document in question was penned in 1827 by Captain Charles Jones, the Duke's secretary, and is currently held within the archives of Windsor Castle, filed under a label stating that it is “not to be shown to research students without permission.” A university professor, Arthur Aspinall, is working on a series of volumes about Georgian history and has expressed intentions to seek the Queen's permission to publish the document. However, Aspinall noted that he considers the Duke's alleged confession to be an invention. If the Queen were to grant permission for the document's release, it could provoke a new wave of interest in royal history and potentially reshape perceptions surrounding the Duke of Cumberland's legacy. The newspaper suggested that if such a royal scandal were to be publicly aired, it would undoubtedly attract more sensational coverage and public interest.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630326_2_128.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630326.2.128,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-213710400
4197,26,04,1963,"Vassall Spy Case Tribunal Report Clears Minister... (Press, 26 April 1963)","On 25 April 1963, a tribunal in London released a report concluding that former British minister Mr Thomas Galbraith had no improper relationship with William Vassall, a former Admiralty clerk who had been imprisoned for espionage. The tribunal, led by Lord Radcliffe, described allegations connecting Galbraith with Vassall as unfounded. Vassall, who was sentenced to 18 years for selling secrets to the Soviet Union, had sparked controversy regarding his connections within the Admiralty. The tribunal examined claims that the First Lord of the Admiralty, Lord Carrington, and his service chiefs had prior knowledge of Vassall's spy activities. However, it determined that they were first alerted to the situation in April 1962, just months before Vassall's arrest. The report asserted that no officials were at fault for failing to identify Vassall as a security risk despite speculation regarding his lifestyle. Amidst the scandal, Galbraith had resigned from his ministerial position after the release of letters he exchanged with Vassall, which were mainly routine communications. Prime Minister Harold Macmillan backed the tribunal's establishment in Parliament and rejected the notion that Galbraith's efficiency was in question, instead accusing the Opposition of a smear campaign against his moral character. The tribunal unequivocally stated that there were no indications of an improper relationship between Galbraith and Vassall and dismissed claims they planned to meet in Italy, concluding such suggestions were baseless. They also noted no wrongful actions were taken regarding Vassall's recruitment or ongoing employment, asserting the security measures in place were inadequate for the situation. The report clarified that Vassall had never been perceived as a homosexual or a security risk within diplomatic circles, underscoring that there was no evidence the British security authorities overlooked significant details about him. It acknowledged that Vassall was manipulated into betrayal by a Russian secret service agent, Sigmund Mikhailski, who befriended him while he worked at the British Embassy in Moscow. Furthermore, the tribunal addressed various press allegations concerning Vassall's interactions with Galbraith, including claims about weekend visits to Galbraith's Scottish home. After reviewing correspondence found in Vassall’s possession post-arrest, the tribunal characterised the communications as innocent and typical of a friendly relationship with no inappropriate content. In a separate announcement on the same day, Lord Carrington revealed that the UK's Polaris submarines would be based on the River Clyde in Scotland, with facilities at Faslane in Gare Loch being developed for this purpose, expected to be completed by 1968 when the first submarine would become operational.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630426_2_97.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630426.2.97,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-211032000
4199,27,04,1963,"Russian At Embassy (Press, 27 April 1963)","On 25 April 1963, Sir William Hayter, a former British Ambassador to Moscow, acknowledged that the British Embassy had kept an employee, later identified as a Russian spy, in their ranks for too long. During an interview on commercial television, he expressed his thoughts on the Radcliffe tribunal's report regarding William Vassall, whom he described in the context of the Embassy's atmosphere at the time, referring to it as a ""beleaguered fortress."" The tribunal had found that Sigmund Mikhailski, another Embassy employee, discovered Vassall’s homosexual tendencies and exploited them to coerce Vassall into espionage for the Russian security services. When questioned about whether he had suspected Mikhailski was an operative for the Russian security, Hayter stated, ""We always assume every man is working for the Russian security services,"" and admitted that keeping Vassall on staff for as long as they did was a ""legitimate criticism."" Reflecting on his impression of Vassall, Hayter described him as a ""harmless seeming little figure"" who had a somewhat ingratiating personality. However, he clarified that he had not viewed Vassall as an ""active"" homosexual, instead describing him as ""ladylike."" Sir William Hayter served as the Ambassador in Moscow from 1953 to 1957 before retiring from the Foreign Service in 1958. He is currently the principal of one of Oxford University’s colleges. In a separate incident reported on the same day, a couple from Chippenham, Wiltshire, John and Pamela Broome, were fined £12 10s each and prohibited from keeping dogs in the future after allowing their boxer to starve to death. This case highlighted concerns about animal welfare as the couple faced legal consequences for their neglect.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630427_2_98.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630427.2.98,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-210945600
4198,27,04,1963,"Vassall Spy Report Major Political Fight Forecast... (Press, 27 April 1963)","A significant political confrontation is anticipated in the British Parliament following the release of a detailed report regarding the case of William Vassall, a former clerk in the British Embassy in Moscow turned spy for the Soviet Union. The 50,000-word report, compiled by a three-member tribunal, reveals that Vassall, who engaged in homosexual practices, was able to spy for the Soviets for seven years without detection. The tribunal found that neither Vassall's superiors at the Admiralty nor the previous Parliamentary Under-Secretary was to blame for failing to uncover his espionage activities, although the Soviet intelligence had evidently identified and exploited Vassall's vulnerabilities shortly after his posting in Moscow. Vassall, who is currently serving an eight-year prison sentence after being exposed in the previous autumn, had been an undetected spy while working at the Admiralty in London after his tenure in Moscow. The Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan, indicated that a full parliamentary debate on the report would occur within approximately ten days and would likely last for two days. The tribunal, led by Lord Radcliffe, cleared key officials, including Lord Carrington, the First Lord of the Admiralty, of culpability regarding the failure to detect Vassall. Although former Under-Secretary Thomas Galbraith resigned over the matter after correspondence with Vassall became public, the tribunal noted that this communication seemed innocuous and lacked any alarming implications. Consequently, the government does not expect any further resignations following the report's findings. The report pointed out serious flaws in security protocols, particularly regarding the vetting process Vassall underwent after returning from Moscow. While the embassy staff overall was largely absolved of blame, it was mentioned that Mr H. V. Pennells, who had made the decision to appoint Vassall to the embassy, acted indiscreetly and failed to heed prior warnings from the Foreign Office regarding potential vulnerabilities to Soviet blackmail involving younger staff members. Interestingly, the tribunal acknowledged that Mr Pennells made significant errors in judgment but did not classify his actions as negligent. His family reacted strongly to the report, with his daughter, Brenda Boyce, asserting that her father has been unfairly scapegoated and asserting an intention to seek accountability regarding the accusations directed at him, given that he passed away in September 1962 and could not defend himself. The tribunal's report is expected to resonate in Parliament, where the Labour opposition is likely to criticise the insufficient reforms to security measures following previous espionage scandals. The findings may prompt a review of current security protocols within British embassies, particularly in environments perceived as threats.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630427_2_94.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630427.2.94,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-210945600
7626,08,05,1963,"Magistrate's Court Given Ticket After Paying... (Press, 8 May 1963)","On 8 May 1963, the Magistrate's Court heard a case involving Henry Arthur Reginald Taylor, who received a ticket after double parking his vehicle while he attempted to pay a traffic fine. Taylor explained in court that he had circled the area several times without finding a parking space due to the Supreme Court session causing congestion. A court officer assured him that he would keep watch for any issues while Taylor went inside. However, by the time Taylor returned, a traffic officer was writing him a ticket. He was subsequently fined £1 for the offence by Mr E. S. J. Crutchley, S.M., who noted the importance of complying with traffic laws, even while addressing court matters. Another case involved 17-year-old Brian Patrick Docherty, who pleaded guilty to driving while disqualified. He was fined £30 and had his licence cancellation extended for an additional 18 months after colliding with another car and providing a false name. Docherty had previously been disqualified for two years due to dangerous driving. Frank Pope faced a charge of obstructing a vehicle entrance, but due to conflicting evidence, the Magistrate dismissed the case without casting aspersions on the traffic officer's testimony. Melvyn James Sheridan, aged 43, was remanded in custody to a later date to face charges of assault and attempted false pretences related to a £30 cheque. Two teenagers, Paul Fergus Kaye and Robert Mervyn Hills, were also remanded on serious charges of sodomy, with Kaye being granted bail while Hills' application for bail was denied. In numerous traffic cases presented by the City Council, various drivers faced fines for multiple offences, which included parking violations, exceeding speed limits, and operating vehicles without necessary documentation or safety measures. Fines ranged from £1 to £15, with an additional cost applied to each charge. Civil cases in the court revealed multiple individuals ordered to repay debts, with some facing imprisonment in default of payment. The judgments included various amounts owed to businesses for goods and services, highlighting the court's enforcement of repayment agreements. Overall, the court proceedings on that day reflected a range of traffic and civil matters, indicating ongoing enforcement efforts concerning public safety and financial accountability within the community.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630508_2_69.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630508.2.69,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-209995200
7627,14,05,1963,"Magistrate’s Court Youth Convicted On Two Of Four... (Press, 14 May 1963)","On 14 May 1963, the Magistrate's Court dealt with several cases involving youth and crime, the most notable being the conviction of 19-year-old Bradley George Stockdale. He was charged with assaulting a police constable, resisting arrest, damaging property, and behaving disorderly following an incident at the Plaza Milk-bar in Cathedral Square on 10 April. Although Stockdale pleaded not guilty to all charges, he was convicted of disorderly behaviour and fined £10. Additionally, he faced a future sentence related to the assault charge, while the other charges were dismissed. Testimony revealed Stockdale had aggressively confronted customers and resisted arrest, even causing damage at the police station. The presiding magistrate noted procedural issues in how the police handled the situation, suggesting that their approach contributed to the escalation of events. In another case, Violet Watson, 49, faced seven charges of false pretences after obtaining goods worth £303 from various shops by fraudulently claiming to be associated with other individuals’ accounts. She pleaded guilty and was remanded on bail for sentencing on 20 May. Two young men, Dennis Eric Angove, 19, and Bryce Alan Carson, 21, were implicated in breaking into cars and stealing three shotguns and other items valued at £111. They both pleaded guilty and were remanded in custody until 20 May. Patrick Keane, 30, and Duncan Davidson Runciman, 29, pleaded guilty to fighting in the street. Keane was fined £4, while Runciman received a £3 fine. They admitted their fight resulted from an argument in a hotel. Edward Francis Clarke, 32, a waiter, pleaded guilty to stealing a coffee percolator from the Flamingo Restaurant and was fined £12, with an order for restitution of £8. This theft occurred around late March. Colin Thomas, 20, was fined £20 for using obscene language and behaving disorderly after a private event in Springston. William John Provis, 20, pleaded guilty to burglary and was remanded on bail for sentencing, while Ronald Alan Peters, 27, faced consecutive sentences for forgery, with the court treating it as a minor issue given his current imprisonment. Several cases were either adjourned or remanded, including those of Alwyn Keith Aldridge and John Victor McGuire on burglary and loitering charges, respectively. Other individuals, charged with assault, being drunk, and other offences, were similarly remanded, indicating a busy court session focused on various minor crimes in the community. Overall, the court addressed various issues of youth behaviour, false claims, and minor criminal activities, with the Magistrate emphasising the importance of proper police procedure in law enforcement situations.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630514_2_47.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630514.2.47,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-209476800
4200,18,05,1963,"Magistrate’s Court “professional Fraud” Sent To... (Press, 18 May 1963)","On 18 May 1963, the Magistrate's Court saw several significant cases, including the sentencing of Foster Lascelles Layton for fraud under the Social Security Act. Layton, 33, currently serving an 18-month term for previous offences, was sentenced to an additional three months in gaol for providing false statements about his identity and marital status to the Social Security Department, resulting in overpayment of benefits. The Magistrate, E. A. Lee, labelled Layton a ""professional fraud,"" and noted his lengthy criminal record, stating that he needed to be kept away from the public. Layton indicated plans to appeal the sentence. Another notable case involved John Victor McGuire, also 33, who was convicted of possessing housebreaking instruments and subsequently remanded for sentencing. The Magistrate dismissed a second charge against him as the evidence did not convincingly indicate malicious intent. In domestic disputes, Clive Ross Hartly, 17, was fined £10 for assaulting a neighbour who intervened in a quarrel with his mother, resulting in the neighbour suffering concussion. Joseph Carter, aged 39, was jailed for 14 days for assaulting his de facto wife, claiming her infidelity provoked his actions. Mervyn Joseph Doe, 48, pleaded guilty to assaulting his de facto wife and another man while armed with a knife, and was remanded until later in May for sentencing. Thomas Henry Pink, 32, was sentenced to three months in prison for making false statements to receive an overpayment of social security benefits. Several individuals faced charges related to theft, with varying outcomes. Marylyn May Baker, 19, was issued a bench warrant for failing to appear for sentencing regarding theft, while Mary Joyce Corie, 40, received a conviction for shoplifting, with a refusal for name suppression due to the deterrent effect of publicity. Several other cases highlighted issues such as using offensive language, unlawful taking of bicycles, and theft of lesser values, including culinary items and personal property. Some defendants, such as Kevin Barry Crannitch, were granted probation for showing past good behaviour, while others faced sentences for repeated offences. The court also dealt with cases regarding minors and liquor-related offences, with young offenders fined for possessing alcohol unlawfully. A 43-year-old woman, Dulcie Wilson Pert, was convicted of theft after taking money while visiting a friend. The report from the court also indicated remands and specific charges related to vehicle theft and threats of violence, with various individuals awaiting sentencing or further assessment. The overall impression from the court proceedings was one of a busy docket addressing a mix of violent and non-violent crimes, underscoring ongoing social issues within the community.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630518_2_220.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630518.2.220,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-209131200
7628,21,05,1963,"Magistrate’s Court Charges Adjourned Until1 After... (Press, 21 May 1963)","In the Magistrate's Court on 20 May 1963, various charges were presented, with several cases involving theft and other criminal activities. Two soldiers, Bryce Alan Carson (21) and Dennis Eric Angove (19), faced three joint charges of theft. They had entered three cars in Oamaru on 4 May and stolen items valued at £111 1s 9d, including shotguns, ammunition, and a transistor radio. Their lawyer stated that they would receive 60 days’ detention for being absent without leave from the Army, leading to the adjournment of their case until 19 August. William John Provis (20), a mill hand, was remanded on bail until 27 May for sentencing on multiple theft and fraud charges. He pleaded guilty to stealing £17 and a cheque form on 1 February at Kenepuru Sound and obtaining goods worth £4 3s 16d. He also faced a burglary charge from 3 May. Robin Dean Turner and Ivan Watene, both 21, were convicted of unlawfully taking a car worth £100 on 11 May. They were remanded until 24 May for sentencing after pleading guilty. The car was reportedly taken from outside the owner’s home, and police reported that Watene was involved in a collision with this car later that day. Eric Allan Blackburn and John Winston O’Connor, both 17, received fines of £25 each after pleading guilty to unlawfully taking a car valued at £100 in April. The vehicle was found in their possession with other youths, who were set to appear in the Children's Court. Violet Watson, aged 48, was placed on a year’s probation for seven charges of false pretences. The Magistrate noted that her offences, which involved obtaining goods charged to others’ accounts, had a medical background, and she had never offended before. Charges against Gordon Alexander Gillespie, 61, for assaulting his wife were dismissed when she declined to give evidence. Denis John Houlihan, 19, was discharged without conviction for stealing two cases of property valued at £1, as the Magistrate found no real criminal intent. Other charges were dismissed due to lack of evidence, including those against Stanley and Malcolm Johnston for using obscene language. Multiple defendants were remanded on bail for various charges, including Robin Paul Slesser for being a rogue and vagabond, and Charles Robert Sleeman for obtaining credit by fraud and other pretences. Several other defendants charged with various crimes, including drink-driving and theft, were also remanded. The court process continued as various cases were presented, highlighting issues of theft, fraud, and other criminal activities in the community.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630521_2_66.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630521.2.66,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-208872000
7629,23,05,1963,"Magistrates Court Man For Trial On Charge Of... (Press, 23 May 1963)","Maurice Albert Davis, a 29-year-old motor mechanic, has been committed for trial in the Supreme Court in Christchurch on a charge of stealing a Ford Zephyr car, valued at £850, in Timaru on 26 April 1962. The hearing took place in the Magistrate’s Court on 22 May 1963, where Davis pleaded not guilty and opted for a jury trial. He was represented by Mr D. H. Stringer, while Senior Sergeant G. M. Cleary acted as the prosecutor. The police opposed bail, and Davis was remanded in custody. The owner of the vehicle, John Edwin Stevenson, testified that his car was taken from Banks Street in Timaru on the night of the alleged theft and that he did not see it again until April 11, 1963, at the Christchurch Central Police Station. The car had been repainted and its number plates altered. Detective-Constable R. A. Meikle recounted investigating the vehicle at Commercial Motors, where Davis claimed the cars on site were his customers’, but later conceded that the Zephyr was his. Stevenson later identified waterproof clothing found at the garage as his property. Detective Sergeant E. T. Mitten disclosed that he had been unable to locate a person named James Robert Hardy, connected to the case. Davis purportedly claimed he had sold the car but later admitted it was in a garage he rented and was to be repaired and repainted. He ultimately indicated that, after the owner could not pay the bill, he decided to use the vehicle himself and placed his own number plates on it. In separate matters in the court, Paul Fergus Kaye, a 17-year-old workman, was committed for trial on a charge of sodomy, while 23-year-old Robert Mervyn Hills faced charges of attempted sodomy and aiding and abetting sodomy, both occurring between late April and early May 1963. Both men pleaded not guilty and were granted bail. Raymond Henry Brett, 26, faced charges for deserting the S.S. Runic in Wellington in August 1955 and pleaded guilty; he was convicted and ordered to be detained but released on bail pending deportation. His counsel stated that Brett had been living in New Zealand for nearly nine years and had settled in Christchurch with his family, and an application to permit him to remain would follow. Malcolm Robert Kinnaird, 38, was remanded on bail following a not guilty plea to driving while disqualified, while Anthony James Patrick Pigott, 35, was remanded under the Mental Health Act due to being idle and disorderly. Thomas Gardiner Campbell, 46, was also remanded on bail for fraudulently obtaining a budgerigar and money. The court also dealt with miscellaneous offences, including unlicensed radios and unregistered dogs, resulting in various fines imposed on several individuals for those violations.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630523_2_44.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630523.2.44,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-208699200
4201,10,06,1963,"Crisis Over Profumo Scandal (Press, 10 June 1963)","On 10 June 1963, the political landscape in the United Kingdom was tumultuous as Prime Minister Harold Macmillan returned to London amidst the fallout from the Profumo scandal, which has been described as one of the worst scandals in British political history. Macmillan was set to face intense scrutiny, with multiple political figures openly criticising the government's handling of the situation. The Leader of the Opposition, Harold Wilson, announced plans for a debate in the House of Commons on 17 June to address what he termed the “background of rumour, innuendo and suspicion” surrounding the scandal. Wilson expressed concerns about security risks and indicated that the Labour Party would not delve into personal conduct issues. Denis Healey, Labour’s defence spokesman, sought to uncover whether Macmillan and his Cabinet had been aware of misleading statements made by then Secretary for War, John Profumo, before he admitted to lying to Parliament. The Liberal Party leader, Jo Grimond, called for accountability, suggesting that Macmillan should take responsibility for the developments stemming from the scandal. Within Conservative ranks, there were also signs of discontent. John Cordle, a member of Parliament, stated that those in high office should not have questionable moral standings, indicating a growing unease among the Conservative Party about their leadership and moral authority. This dissatisfaction was echoed by press reports that indicated a crisis of confidence within the party and criticism of Macmillan's leadership. Commentary from various media outlets further portrayed a dire situation for Macmillan, with assessments that his effective leadership may be waning. Editorials raised questions about whether he was aware of the deception within his ranks or indifferent to it. The Conservative Party was reportedly facing unprecedented stress and concern among its members, with some feeling that the scandal tarnished the entire government and inflicted significant damage to party unity. The scandal was intensified by the emergence of information regarding the involvement of American intelligence. A warning from U.S. naval intelligence prompted a security watch on Captain Eugene Ivanov, the Russian naval attaché, leading to connections being drawn between Ivanov, Profumo, and Christine Keeler, a woman at the centre of the scandal. Keeler had become a public figure as reports about her life and personal relationships gained traction, with some media referring to her as “The Girl Who is Rocking the Government.” As investigations widened, including a probe by Scotland Yard into an alleged vice ring connected to high society, the media brimming with stories and filled with public interest, hinted at a significant political transformation in Britain. The Profumo affair, alongside revelations of misconduct and deceit at high levels, set the stage for a dramatic Parliamentary confrontation and potential shifts in government leadership moving forward.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630610_2_82.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630610.2.82,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-207144000
4202,17,06,1963,"Allegations By Nazi Leader (Press, 17 June 1963)","On 13 June 1963, Colin Jordan, the leader of Britain’s National Socialist Party and recently released from prison, contacted Prime Minister Harold Macmillan with claims of an active homosexual network that poses a threat to national security. Jordan, who had been incarcerated for his involvement in a Fascist-style action group, stated that his information came from John Vassall, a self-admitted homosexual who received an 18-year prison sentence for espionage on behalf of Russia. Jordan disclosed that he had conversed with Vassall while they were both in prison. He also shared his letter to the Prime Minister with the Press Association, raising concerns about the implications of the alleged network.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630617_2_83.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630617.2.83,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-206539200
6551,29,06,1963,"New Fiction (Press, 29 June 1963)","The news story, published on 29 June 1963, presents a review of several novels, each with its unique themes and narratives. ""Dearly Beloved"" by Anne Morrow Lindbergh is described as a novel that tackles the age-old issues of love, sex, and happiness in human relationships, especially within marriage. Set in a sunny New England parlour, the story unfolds during the wedding of Sally and Mark. As the wedding service progresses, the emotions of various attendees, including the bride's mother and other family members, are stirred, leading each character to confront their personal struggles. The narrative highlights the complexity of their emotions, suggesting a sense of being ""bogged down"" by ongoing emotional dilemmas. The reviewer appreciates the book's sincere and insightful exploration of human nature. Daphne du Maurier's ""The Glass-blowers"" presents a tale beginning with Magdaleine, the bailiff’s daughter, who marries the master glass-maker Mathurin Busson and moves to la Brulonnerie. The story intertwines family history with the glass-making industry in 18th-century France, enriched by dramatic events from the French Revolution. The book unfolds as a gripping drama, depicting the misfortunes of the Busson family, while offering an engaging glimpse into the historical context and the glassblowing trade. ""Fly Away Paul"" by Hans Hofmeyer explores the tragedy of apartheid through the life of Paul Ndizile, a highly educated African who faces societal oppression. Raised in poverty but determined to succeed, Paul attends university and writes critical articles about the system. However, upon receiving an invitation to study in America, the authorities seize his passport under dubious circumstances. The book paints a stark contrast between educated Africans and their less privileged tribal backgrounds, highlighting the harsh realities faced under apartheid. Donald Jack’s ""Three Cheers for Me"" introduces Bartholomew Bandy, a humorous and oblivious character. The son of a minister raised with strict moral values, Bartholomew's journey begins with small rebellions and leads him into the trenches during wartime. His innocent demeanor creates absurd situations, especially when he transitions from infantry to the Royal Flying Corps and surprises everyone with his unexpected deeds, including a visit to Buckingham Palace. The reviewer notes that while the humour may not be consistently brilliant, certain parts provide genuine laughter. Finally, ""Paradox Lost"" by Marianne Sinclair is a psychological novel centred around Anabel, a young adolescent left alone while her parents are on holiday. Boredom leads her to a café where she meets Chris, a lesbian, and becomes infatuated with her. Anabel experiences a tumultuous emotional journey driven by her budding love for Chris, culminating in a decision that thrusts her into an unexpected situation. The book handles its themes competently but addresses darker aspects of life that may not suit every reader's taste. Overall, the review encapsulates the exploration of human relationships, societal issues, emotional struggles, and the complexities of life presented through these diverse works.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630629_2_8_6.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630629.2.8.6,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-205502400
4203,01,07,1963,"Morality Viewed (Press, 1 July 1963)","In an article published in the Salvation Army's ""War Cry"" on 29 June 1963, Dr. J. E. Caughey, a proponent of Moral Re-Armament, argued that the concept of chastity remains relevant and necessary in modern society. He expressed concern over the growing sentiments among various public figures—including those in the church and medical fields—that virtues such as modesty, decency, and clean living are considered outdated. Dr. Caughey questioned what future youth could expect if such prominent figures held these views. He referenced notable cultural controversies, particularly the discussions surrounding the court case involving ""Lady Chatterley’s Lover"" and the impact of the book ""Lolita."" He linked these issues to the broader societal challenges posed by instances such as the Vassall case, which spotlighted the implications of homosexuality within government positions, suggesting that individuals with acknowledged homosexual identities should not occupy roles of trust. Advocating for a return to absolute moral standards, Dr. Caughey insisted that the erosion of moral values represents a serious threat to national wellbeing. He stated that these moral principles transcend personal beliefs and become vital for the survival of the nation. In conclusion, he urged politicians and leaders across various sectors, including labour and commerce, to join in what he termed a “fight for national survival.”",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630701_2_152.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630701.2.152,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-205329600
4204,08,07,1963,"Security Service In Disgrace (Press, 8 July 1963)","On 6 July 1963, revelations emerged regarding Miss Christine Keeler's relationships with both British War Minister John Profumo and Soviet naval attache Captain Eugene Ivanov. This scandal has raised serious concerns about the capabilities and oversight of the British security services, potentially instigating the most significant shake-up in this sector's history. The situation has particularly rocked the British government as it was disclosed that Prime Minister Harold Macmillan had not been informed about these affairs until they had become politically explosive. The Head of Security, who is expected to maintain constant communication with the Prime Minister, failed to relay crucial information that could have led to Profumo's dismissal prior to his misleading statements in Parliament regarding his involvement with Keeler. This lapse in coordination has resulted in mounting scrutiny from both Parliament and the public, prompting an investigation led by eminent judge Lord Denning, who will look into the security implications of the Profumo affair. The Labour opposition has demanded the establishment of a Minister of Security, prompting Macmillan to state that he would wait for Lord Denning's report before considering any changes. The situation has critically undermined the reputation of MI5, the British security service, once regarded as highly efficient, now met with disgrace due to a series of failures, including the cases of scientist Klaus Fuchs, double agent George Blake, and defectors Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess. There is growing cynicism regarding the Security Service's effectiveness, with critics suggesting that the organisation's only secret remains the name of its chief, who is effectively known to foreign agents. The previous practice of publicly naming the Security Chief was abandoned following the retirement of Sir Percy Sillitoe in 1953, due to concerns that it made tracking foreign activities easier. Critics do acknowledge, however, that like many civil servants, MI5 members cannot defend their operations publicly, although they have had successes in countering espionage. The origins of Britain’s Secret Service trace back to 1909, when the establishment recognised the need for a dedicated intelligence operation to combat emerging threats. Currently, the British intelligence apparatus comprises multiple agencies, including MI5, which focus on domestic security and are part of Military Intelligence, and MI6, which deals with foreign espionage. These agencies operate somewhat independently, reporting to various ministers, while the armed forces maintain their own intelligence departments. Despite concerns over resource allocation—only £8 million designated for security services—there are calls for increased funding to better equip these departments for their roles. The gravity of the situation has highlighted critical weaknesses within British security frameworks that may require substantial reform.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630708_2_112.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630708.2.112,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-204724800
4206,10,07,1963,"Officials Gaoled (Press, 10 July 1963)","In July 1963, a significant legal crackdown on homosexual practices was conducted by the Fiji police, leading to the convictions of eight men for offences related to indecency. This special initiative resulted in their appearance in the Colony's Courts throughout June. Among those convicted, Noel John Cloke, a Government social welfare officer, received a 12-month prison sentence, while Kuruka Bogiwalu was sentenced to three months. Selauggi Fona was placed on probation for three years. Other individuals sentenced included Ernest Sydney Beynon, superintendent at the Government Printing Office, and Joseph Roch Casey, an education officer, who were both handed nine-month prison terms. Edward Shiu Narayan received a 12-month sentence, and Peter David Thomas Richardson, a District Officer in Lautoka, was given a 15-month jail term. Additionally, Bruce Alfred Humphreys, Deputy-Town Clerk of Suva, was sentenced to nine months in prison. A charge against a ninth man remains pending as it has been adjourned for a medical opinion.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630710_2_57.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630710.2.57,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-204552000
4207,12,07,1963,"Obscene Publications Bill (Press, 12 July 1963)","A series of letters in response to a review has sparked a debate on sexual morality and literature standards. In a letter dated 9 July 1963, a reader criticises the term ""unnatural practices"" as outdated and reminiscent of pre-Lawrentian views that equated any non-procreative sexual acts as immoral. They reference Havelock Ellis who argues that terms like ""perversion"" are antiquated and rooted in outdated traditions. They also note that the term ""unnatural"" has been omitted in the 1961 Crimes Act, following the Wolfenden Report's recommendation to avoid using such moralistic language regarding sexual behaviour. A subsequent letter from a contributor named ""Reviewer"" defends the older moral views and accuses Mr Sadler of promoting ideas that were prevalent in the 1930s, suggesting that literature exists that openly addresses sexual issues without being pornographic. ""Reviewer"" takes issue with what they perceive as Sadler’s flippant attitude towards homosexual problems, admonishing reviewers who fail to grasp the core of their material, implying such misunderstandings could lead to career repercussions. Another response dated 10 July from a contributor identified as ""Clarion Call"" expresses pride in their traditional upbringing, which emphasised respect for women rather than a perceived moral ignorance of past generations. They dispute the notion that reading impure literature is necessary for understanding human physiology, asserting that they have enjoyed a fulfilling life filled with decent literature and family, separate from what they describe as ""foul"" books associated with sexuality. Overall, the exchange highlights diverging views on sexual morality, literature standards, and the interpretation of historical values in contemporary discussions around sexuality.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630712_2_7_3.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630712.2.7.3,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-204379200
7712,16,07,1963,"Indecent Publications Bill (Press, 16 July 1963)","On 16 July 1963, letters were published in response to ongoing discussions about the standards of literature and the prevalence of pornography in New Zealand bookshops. One writer expressed concern about the complacency of the Associated Booksellers of New Zealand and critiqued their self-congratulation regarding high standards, particularly in light of serious allegations made by the Catholic Youth Movement. The writer argued that these allegations were grounded in genuine concern over the availability of pornography and stressed the need for a teenage magazine that addresses both sexual issues and broader teenage problems. They suggested that the booksellers' refusal to acknowledge these issues could alienate public sympathy in light of their difficulties. Another correspondent tackled the criticism they received regarding their use of terminology in discussing sexual practices. They clarified their position on the Wolfenden Report, which advocated for the decriminalisation of consensual adult behaviour, while expressing disapproval of modern literature that trivialises the experiences of homosexual individuals. This writer lamented that such portrayals could have a negative influence on young readers and defended their perspective as perhaps outdated but still valid. Additionally, a letter addressed the distinction between publishing content for medical knowledge versus entertainment. This writer felt that a lack of respect for certain subjects had led to a decline in moral standards in publishing. They urged publishers to take responsibility for their content and contribute to raising the standards of literature, rather than succumbing to trends that could degrade societal values. These letters reflect a broader societal concern regarding censorship, morality in literature, and the impact of media on youth, resonating with the debates of the time surrounding sexual education and the representation of different lifestyles in literature. The ongoing dialogues suggest that significant segments of the community were advocating for more mindful approaches to publishing and literature, aiming to protect the moral compass of society amid changing cultural narratives.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630716_2_9_6.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630716.2.9.6,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-204033600
7713,17,07,1963,"Indecent Publications Bill (Press, 17 July 1963)","On 17 July 1963, a series of letters to the editor were published, addressing the state of literature and its impact on society. The correspondents expressed diverse opinions on the quality and values of contemporary literature, as well as the influence of cinema on moral standards. R. M. Thomson reacted to a preceding article titled ""Higher Standards"" by arguing that literary dissimulation ignored his points. He recalled his upbringing, marked by strong criticism of prominent authors like Hall Caine and Elinor Glyn, contrasting it with Stanley Hall's struggle to liberate himself from the sentimental expectations of New England, which aided him in leading Clark University. Another writer, identified as Ham, criticized what he perceived as an ""intellectual vacuum"" in society, exemplified by the affluent community where residents merely accumulated wealth and luxury without fostering a culture of reading. He lamented the lack of meaningful literary engagement and warned against the superficial distractions generated by modern publicity, suggesting that without fundamental changes, improvements in the cultural landscape were unlikely. A third letter, attributed to Clarion Call, questioned whether Mr Sadler supported or opposed the publication of indecent books, voicing concern over the moral implications for younger generations. The writer reflected on their own experiences with marriage literature, contrasting it with contemporary cinema that propagates unhealthy sexual messages from an early age. They advocated for literature that promotes clean, healthy ideals instead. The final respondent, referred to as Reader, defended Havelock Ellis against critiques by ""Common Sense"" and ""Reviewer."" They argued that simply dismissing Ellis without critical engagement showcased a lack of genuine understanding. Reader believed that both sides were trapped in a binary moral debate, failing to appreciate the nuanced beauty of everyday life or the teachings of figures like William Blake and St. Paul, who recognised the inherent purity of existence. Overall, the letters reflect a deep concern about literature’s role in shaping societal norms, highlighting tensions between moral values, artistic integrity, and the influences of popular culture during the 1960s.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630717_2_35_4.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630717.2.35.4,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-203947200
4208,19,07,1963,"Indecent Assault Charges (Press, 19 July 1963)","On 17 July 1963, John Theodore Harrison, a representative of the British Council in Fiji, appeared in the Magistrate's Court in Suva to face five charges of homosexual offences. These charges are alleged to date from January 1960 to June 1963. During the court proceedings, Harrison pleaded not guilty to all charges and opted for a trial in the Supreme Court. Following his appearance, he was granted release on bail.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630719_2_47_7.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630719.2.47.7,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-203774400
7630,31,07,1963,"Session Opens (Press, 31 July 1963)","Mr Justice Macarthur opened the new session of the Supreme Court on 31 July 1963 and informed counsel that the hearing of criminal cases was expected to take about three weeks. He outlined the court's schedule, mentioning that juries for civil cases would convene for two weeks starting 19 August. Following this, from 2 September to 25 October, judges would manage miscellaneous civil matters without requiring circuit sittings outside Christchurch. During the session, Crown Prosecutor Mr C. M. Roper presented 12 indictments against individuals on various charges, including false pretences, negligent driving causing injury and death, burglary, receiving stolen goods, theft, conversion, being a rogue and a vagabond, sodomy, and incest. Among the cases, Paul Fergus Kaye, a 17-year-old, pleaded guilty to charges related to indecent acts. He admitted to permitting a male to commit an indecent act upon him on 3 May and to committing sodomy on 6 May. Mr Justice Macarthur remanded Kaye in custody, setting the next court date for 2 August to determine his sentence. Kaye did not have legal representation during the proceedings, while Mr Roper acted for the Crown.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630731_2_82.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630731.2.82,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-202737600
7631,03,08,1963,"Theft Charge Adjourned (Press, 3 August 1963)","Maurice Albert Davis, a 29-year-old motor mechanic, appeared in the Supreme Court before Mr Justice Macarthur on 2 August 1963, facing a charge of stealing a car valued at £650 in Timaru on 26 April 1963. Crown Prosecutor Mr C. M. Roper requested that the case be adjourned until the next court session, starting on 29 October 1963. Mr D. H. Stringer, representing Davis, agreed to the adjournment, and the judge consented, postponing the case. Additionally, Paul Fergus Kaye, a 17-year-old, was sentenced to Borstal training on the same day after pleading guilty to charges of sodomy and permitting an indecent act.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630803_2_190.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630803.2.190,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-202478400
7632,06,08,1963,"Found Guilty Of Sodomy (Press, 6 August 1963)","On 6 August 1963, a jury in the Supreme Court found 23-year-old Robert Mervyn Hills guilty of sodomy. The presiding judge, Mr Justice Wilson, ordered Hills to remain in custody until 12 August for sentencing. Prior to the commencement of the evidence, the judge cleared the courtroom. Hills was represented by Mr A F Wilding, while Mr C M Roper acted as the prosecutor for the Crown.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630806_2_48.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630806.2.48,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-202219200
4210,07,08,1963,"Indecency Charges (Press, 7 August 1963)","On 6 August 1963, John Theodore Harrison, a representative of the British Council in Fiji, was committed to the Supreme Court to face trial on 13 charges related to homosexual practices. The preliminary hearing took place in the Magistrate’s Court in Suva, where all evidence was presented in a private session, or in camera. Further developments concerning the case are anticipated as it moves to the Supreme Court for trial.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630807_2_155.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630807.2.155,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-202132800
4209,07,08,1963,"Patients Give Evidence At Cherry Farm Inquiry (Press, 7 August 1963)","An inquiry commenced at Cherry Farm Hospital in Dunedin on 6 August 1963, focusing on serious allegations of favouritism, maltreatment, victimisation, and homosexuality involving a member of the hospital's staff. The inquiry is being led by Mr. W. H. Reid, a local solicitor and district inspector under the Mental Health Act. Counsel has been appointed to represent various parties, including staff, former staff, and patients. On the first day, five patients and three doctors provided testimonies. Mr. Reid has mandated that the identities of the witnesses be kept confidential and has the authority to limit the publication of evidence he deems sensitive. A subpoena issued to the editor of “Truth” resulted in the inquiry receiving information regarding 15 individuals who had communicated with the newspaper, with Mr. R. J. Gilbert representing 13 of these. Prior to the evidence being presented, Mr. J. Joel, the lawyer for one of the accused staff, expressed concerns about the nature of the inquiry. He argued that the process appeared more like a trial, lacking specific allegations, which he believed contradicted principles of British justice. He suggested that the accusations may have originated from anonymous correspondence to the press. Mr. Joel characterised his client, a Swiss national, as a respected figure who may have been targeted due to his success and minority status. The inquiry saw contentious exchanges between counsel, particularly around the questioning style. Witnesses began to recount their experiences, with one patient alleging indecency and cruelty relating to an incident while in a musical group. Another patient, aged 18 and previously a practising homosexual, alleged he was indecently assaulted twice by the nurse in question. This witness noted his tendency to fabricate statements but asserted that he would be truthful while under oath. Further testimonies identified complaints about the nurse’s conduct, with one witness claiming he spoke to a doctor regarding the nurse’s actions, who downplayed the situation by suggesting the nurse suffered from some form of illness. This witness was also questioned about his criminal history, which included convictions for assault, and acknowledged a past membership in a Nazi youth organisation. A medical officer testified that he was friendly with the nurse, and while he acknowledged the latter’s gifts to patients, he insisted that the nurse had a positive reputation among many of them. Another witness, a 15-year-old patient, denied any incidents of indecency involving the nurse while acknowledging he had been struck in the past. As the hearing continues, it remains to be seen how the various allegations and testimonies will impact the inquiry's progress and outcomes. The case highlights significant concerns regarding treatment and conduct within mental health care settings during this period.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630807_2_152.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630807.2.152,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-202132800
4211,08,08,1963,"Cherry Farm Witnesses Discussed Evidence (Press, 8 August 1963)","An inquiry into allegations against staff at Cherry Farm Hospital in Dunedin is ongoing, raising concerns of potential conspiracy among witnesses. On 7 August 1963, during the second day of hearings, several witnesses admitted to discussing evidence with individuals who had not yet testified, leading to speculation about collusion. The inquiry, led by Mr W. H. Reid, a solicitor, pertains to allegations against a staff member referred to as “X” and other related issues. Counsel representing various parties, including staff, former staff, and patients, have been involved in the proceedings. Mr Reid has imposed a publication ban on the identities of the witnesses and other sensitive particulars, using letters to represent them. Medical professionals have provided statements on the reliability of patient evidence, which have also been suppressed from publication. As the hearing resumed, staff member “A” testified about a petition he had signed that protested against ""selective pin-pricking"" of staff member “B,” arguing that such practices would deteriorate already strained staff relations. Another staff member “B,” a nurse, expressed feelings of disloyalty following prior inquiries and mentioned morale issues among the staff. He admitted to discussing a portion of evidence from the previous day with others at his home but denied any intent to conspire. Patients also provided testimonies, with one, “A,” describing instances of favouritism by “X” towards certain patients, particularly those with homosexual inclinations. He acknowledged that a student nurse had encouraged him to come forward with his evidence. Another patient, “B,” alleged that “X” had given gifts to certain patients and had taken one to his home. However, this patient conceded that he had not directly witnessed any gifts being exchanged. The inquiry also addressed allegations from patient “C” regarding inappropriate behaviour by “X,” revealing inconsistencies in his testimony. A further complainant, patient “D,” claimed he was threatened with shock treatment by “X” following disrespectful remarks made towards him—a claim that was corroborated by an assistant medical officer who visited after the inquiry commenced, underlining the tense atmosphere within the hospital. Throughout the inquiry, the focus has been on the dynamics between staff and patients within Cherry Farm Hospital, as well as the potential for improper conduct among staff members. The hearings illustrate the challenges facing the institution, both regarding the treatment protocols and the interpersonal relationships within the facility. As the inquiry continues, the implications of the testimonies may have far-reaching impacts on the hospital's operations and staff relations. The proceedings have been set to resume the following day, with the anticipation of further revelations regarding the allegations made against staff member “X.”",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630808_2_133.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630808.2.133,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-202046400
4212,09,08,1963,"Inspector In Inquiry Termed Biased (Press, 9 August 1963)","The Cherry Farm Hospital inquiry, which began on August 6, 1963, continues to unfold with allegations surrounding the conduct of staff member identified as “X”. On the third day of the inquiry, concerns were raised regarding the impartiality of the inspector, Mr W. H. Reid, with one witness suggesting past bias during a previous inquiry; however, this witness believed the fresh evidence presented at the current inquiry had influenced Mr Reid's perspective. On this day, four new witnesses provided testimonies—including a patient, two staff nurses, and a former staffer, while two others were recalled. A total of 19 witnesses have given evidence thus far. One patient, referred to as “E,” voiced concerns about unfair treatment, claiming that ""X"" showed favouritism towards select patients. Nurse “C” recounted experiencing ""hate sessions and petty jealousies"" among staff and detailed his suspicions about ""X's"" preferential treatment toward certain patients, particularly highlighting a dynamic where ""X"" was viewed by a young inmate as a father figure. Nurse “C” recounted a time when ""X"" was suspected of favouring young patients with personality defects, some of whom had histories of homosexual tendencies. He disclosed incidents of ""X"" being found in close proximity to a young patient and described interactions that caused alarm among the staff, which he had discussed with superiors. The inquiry has taken steps to protect the identities of witnesses, and all references have been coded. A significant allegation presented during the inquiry included a directive purportedly given by a staff doctor that involved waking a troubled patient hourly during the night, which was denied by the doctor involved. Evidence from former staff nurse “D” from a prior inquiry in November 1962 was introduced that implicated ""X"" in inappropriate physical conduct with a male patient. The complexity of the situation is underscored by the witness testimonies reflecting an atmosphere of mistrust and allegations of past bias against the inquiry inspector, Mr Reid. The hearing is set to continue into the upcoming week as more evidence is presented, with various counsel representing different parties involved, including staff, patients, and the Mental Hospitals Division.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630809_2_130.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630809.2.130,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-201960000
4213,10,08,1963,"Crown Waives Privilege At Cherry Farm Inquiry (Press, 10 August 1963)","On 9 August 1963, the Cherry Farm Hospital inquiry in Dunedin entered its fourth day, marked by significant clashes between counsel regarding the availability of witness files. Counsel R. J. Gilbert, representing various staff and patients, expressed frustration over the government's ""obstructive"" attitude in withholding personal files. Gilbert asserted that without access to these files, he was unwilling to continue with the inquiry. G. S. Orr, assisting the inquiry, noted that the matter of Crown privilege would require discussion with Prime Minister Keith Holyoake. Later, J. B. Deaker, representing the Mental Hospitals Division, indicated instructions had come from Wellington to allow access to personal files for counsel, albeit with certain reservations regarding isolated documents deemed privileged. Witnesses were required to formally produce these files under oath, and any publication of the contents was prohibited. The inquiry was primarily investigating allegations of misconduct against a nurse referred to as ""X."" So far, 31 witnesses had testified, with additional counsels supporting various parties involved. Allegations of impropriety surfaced during the proceedings, specifically made by Nurse ""F,"" who recounted incidents involving Nurse ""X"" and patients. Nurse ""F"" described witnessing ""X"" engaging in inappropriate behaviour with a young male patient and shared complaints regarding personal treatment, which he claimed were dismissed by superiors. This included a statement from ""X"" threatening retaliation regarding performance assessments. Along with Nurse ""F,"" other patients also provided testimonies. Patient ""F"" claimed to have observed ""X"" behaving inappropriately with another patient, while Patient ""H"" described physical assaults by a nurse. Nurse ""H"" responded to these accusations, stating that the confrontations were exaggerated. Additionally, Patient ""J"" brought forward complaints about working conditions and treatment from nursing staff, noting a lack of adequate breaks and a burdensome workload. Nurse ""J"" contested these claims. Other patient testimonies elaborated further on the alleged neglect and misconduct within the hospital. For example, Patient ""K"" spoke about delays in treatment for an ear condition, while Patient ""L"" detailed incidents he witnessed involving ""X"" and patients in a store, which raised suspicions of inappropriate behaviour. Patient ""M"" indicated that some patients were communicating in a way that exerted pressure on others regarding their testimonies. As the inquiry progressed, it became clear that issues of trust, accountability, and the treatment of both patients and staff in the hospital environment were central to the proceedings. The inquiry’s ability to function effectively was challenged by the contentious issue of document availability and the claims made by both staff and patients regarding misconduct and inadequate care.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630810_2_107.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630810.2.107,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-201873600
7633,13,08,1963,"Three-year Sentence (Press, 13 August 1963)","Robert Mervyn Hills, a 23-year-old man, was sentenced to three years’ imprisonment for committing an indecent act upon a male and another year for attempted sodomy. These sentences are to be served concurrently. Hills was found guilty by a jury on 5 August 1963. During sentencing, Mr Justice Wilson indicated that the prison authorities should explore the possibility of further medical treatment for Hills, following a recommendation from the jury. Mr A. F. Wilding represented Hills in court, while Mr I. C. J. Polson appeared for the Crown. In a separate case, Daniel Scannell, 31 years old, was sentenced to one year's probation and ordered to pay £50 towards prosecution costs for committing bigamy. Scannell was also found guilty on 5 August 1963. Mr Justice Wilson noted several mitigating circumstances that influenced his decision not to impose a prison sentence on Scannell. The judge pointed out that he could not find a significant distinction between Scannell's culpability and that of the woman involved in the bigamous marriage. Mr G. R. Lascelles acted on behalf of Scannell in the proceedings.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630813_2_56.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630813.2.56,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-201614400
4214,15,08,1963,"Complaints Of Sons’ Treatment (Press, 15 August 1963)","On 14 August 1963, an inquiry was underway at Cherry Farm Hospital in Dunedin, led by Mr W. H. Reid, the district inspector under the Mental Health Act. The inquiry was sparked by allegations involving a hospital staff member referred to as ""X"", along with other related complaints. This marked the seventh day of the investigation, which included various legal counsel representing staff, former patients, and other interested parties. During the proceedings, two fathers expressed their concerns regarding the treatment of their sons while they were patients at the hospital. One witness, identified as patient ""S"", detailed his experience of alleged neglect regarding an injury to his foot. He recounted having left the hospital the previous September and having to walk nearly 100 miles over three weeks to avoid being seen. Nurse ""Q"", who was responsible for patient ""S"", suggested that he might have been ""malingering"" rather than genuinely injured. A staff doctor eventually confirmed that although initial examinations suggested only a sprain, a subsequent X-ray revealed a fracture thirteen days later. Another father complained about a lack of cooperation from the hospital staff concerning his son, patient ""R"". He recounted a statement made by nurse ""K"", which implied that the hospital was an inappropriate place for his son, who had previous interactions with the justice system. Nurse ""K"" denied making any such comments. The medical superintendent, Dr. C. S. Moore, acknowledged that patient ""R"" had spent considerable time in seclusion because of his behaviour, explaining the balance of care required between patients and public safety. Testimonies continued with nurse ""R"", a student who observed ""X"" on a patient's bed when he should not have been on duty in that ward. He claimed that after reporting this incident, he was asked to resign due to concerns about his performance and not specifically related to the observation of ""X"". Patient ""T"", who had been discharged, testified that he had received electric shock treatment after raising concerns about the hospital's operations. He initially reported some favouritism and alleged homosexual tendencies associated with ""X"", although he later described ""X"" as supportive and asserted that he believed ""X"" was innocent of any wrongdoing. When questioned about whether he had been coerced into making a complaint against ""X"", patient ""T"" admitted feeling pressured but contextualised his annoyance within a personal dispute regarding his relationships. Overall, the inquiry highlighted serious concerns regarding the treatment of patients, the communication between staff and families, as well as accusations against staff members that prompted significant scrutiny of hospital practices.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630815_2_169.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630815.2.169,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-201441600
4215,17,08,1963,"Nurse Denies Indecency Charges (Press, 17 August 1963)","On 16 August 1963, a significant inquiry was held regarding allegations against a Charge Nurse, referred to as “X”, at Cherry Farm Hospital in Dunedin. The inquiry, led by Mr W H Reid, the strict inspector under the Mental Health Act, focused on claims of indecency and improper conduct towards patients. Various counsel represented different parties during the proceedings, while Mr Reid mandated that the identities of witnesses remain confidential, employing letters for their identification. During the inquiry, Charge Nurse “X” emphatically denied all allegations of indecency and favouritism. Mr M Joel, representing “X”, asserted that the charges were completely unfounded and described them as a “farrago of distortion” motivated by envy and malice. It was acknowledged that “X” had made some errors in medication over the years, but Joel dismissed the allegations as an unjust attempt to harm his reputation and well-being. “X” testified that he had started his nursing career in 1947 and had become a charge nurse by 1957. When questioned about the allegations, “X” categorically denied having any intentions or actions that could be deemed indecent. He called the claims made by the patients and staff as “fabrications” and expressed his confusion regarding their motivations. In his defence, “X” mentioned that he had occasionally provided gifts to patients, which he deemed necessary items and clothing that the hospital did not supply, purchased with his own funds. He also defended the practice of patients visiting him at Seacliff Hospital, asserting that such visits had received approval. In response to questions about his emotional involvement with patients, “X” denied any inappropriate behaviour, including claims of kissing or fondling. He acknowledged that, with medical permission, he had brought three patients to his home for tasks, countering any suggestions of inappropriate conduct. Support for “X” was also presented through testimonies, with a staff doctor stating that he was among the most reliable nurses at the hospital, always treating patients fairly and maintaining excellent moral conduct. The inquiry is set to continue, with further sessions scheduled for the following week.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630817_2_182.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630817.2.182,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-201268800
4216,20,08,1963,"Inquiry Told Of Character Of “x” (Press, 20 August 1963)","On 19 August 1963, an inquiry into allegations of impropriety against a staff member identified only as ""X"" at the Cherry Farm mental hospital in Dunedin was held. The inquiry, led by Mr W. H. Reid, an independent inspector for the Health Department, aimed to investigate the conduct of staff at the facility. The Rev. W. Green, a Methodist chaplain, provided testimony in support of ""X,"" asserting that he held a good character and approached his work with a Christian ethos. He noted that the challenging environment in which ""X"" operated may have amplified the situation but did not suggest any malicious intent behind the alleged incidents. The inquiry included various legal representatives: Mr G. S. Orr assisted the inquiry, while Mr M. Joel represented ""X"" and Mr R. J. Gilbert represented multiple complainants, including patients, relatives, and current and former staff. Mr J. B. Deaker acted on behalf of the Mental Hospitals Department and associated entities. Testimonies from witnesses highlighted a contrasting view of ""X."" A former tutor described him as an exemplary nurse, and Nurses ""U"" and ""V"" praised ""X's"" integrity and competence in managing his ward. When questioned about the number of gifts ""X"" presented to patients, Nurse ""U"" acknowledged they seemed excessive but could be reasonable over time. Nurse ""U"" also clarified that it was uncommon for charge nurses to visit patients who had been moved to different wards. Nurse ""V"" pointed out that ""C,"" another nurse, was part of a dissatisfied faction that seemed to target ""X."" Nurse ""V"" also mentioned that some of the dislike towards ""X"" may have stemmed from him being a foreigner. Overall, multiple staff members conveyed their respect for ""X,"" insisting that he treated his patients fairly and efficiently. Dr. C. S. Moore, the medical superintendent at Cherry Farm, stated that he had known ""X"" since 1947 and had never suspected him of having homosexual inclinations. He noted that ""X"" was sometimes viewed as taciturn, which contributed to some criticism regarding his personality being perceived as cold. The inquiry continues to unfold, and it remains to be seen what its conclusions will be regarding the allegations against ""X"" and the overall practices within the Cherry Farm mental hospital.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630820_2_160.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630820.2.160,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-201009600
4217,21,08,1963,"Inquiry Said To Be Upsetting Hospital (Press, 21 August 1963)","On 21 August 1963, an inquiry into the operations at Cherry Farm Hospital in Dunedin revealed tensions between the Medical Superintendent, Dr. C. S. Moore, and hospital staff, as well as concerning patient behaviour. Dr. Moore testified that the ongoing inquiry had significantly disrupted hospital operations over the preceding six weeks. He criticised some patients who had provided testimony, suggesting they were exaggerating their importance and challenging authority. During cross-examination, Dr. Moore recounted personal interactions with patients, stating that he had sat on beds and experienced displays of affection from them, asserting that similar behaviours could be noted among staff members as well. He acknowledged concerns regarding the prolonged seclusion of a patient, attributing the decision to multiple pressing factors. The testimony also explored the dynamics of nurse-patient relationships, particularly in relation to a staff member referred to as ""X,"" who allegedly provided gifts to patients, leading Dr. Moore to comment on a troubling level of attachment. Further questioning brought up the difficult relationships between certain nurses and staff doctors, as well as complaints about staff evaluations. Dr. Moore defended himself against accusations of bias, but faced scrutiny about his apparent lack of criticism towards ""X"" and his commitment to supporting the nurse in question. Additionally, Dr. Moore was asked about potential homosexual tendencies regarding ""X,"" to which he expressed confidence in the absence of such behaviour. Tensions escalated as staff members interrogated Dr. Moore's impartiality, with one questioning why he seemed disinclined to accept any negative evidence against ""X."" The inquiry was structured to assess various complaints, including allegations of victimisation and critical attitudes among nursing staff. Dr. Moore's responses showcased a defensive stance, emphasising that he had not encountered firm evidence of wrongdoing. In a broader context, the report included a brief mention of familial structures in West Germany, noting that 20% of marriages there remained childless, while 25% had one child, another 25% had two children, and approximately one-third had three children or more. This point appeared to provide demographic insights alongside the main focus of the inquiry into Cherry Farm Hospital's operations and employee relations.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630821_2_159.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630821.2.159,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-200923200
4218,06,09,1963,"Navy Puts Nelsonian Eye To Bachelor Ban (Press, 6 September 1963)","On 6 September 1963, British newspapers reacted with a mix of wry commentary and satire to a decision by the government that only married men would be appointed as service attaches in embassies located in Communist countries. The War Office and the Royal Air Force endorsed this policy, which stemmed from concerns about the vulnerability of bachelors to foreign blackmail, particularly in light of findings in the Radcliffe report. This report highlighted the risks associated with unmarried personnel, referencing the case of a former spy, Vassal, who succumbed to blackmail due to his homosexual acts. Conversely, the Royal Navy rejected the government's new policy, insisting that while they might prefer married officers, they would not dismiss highly qualified bachelors. Newspapers like the ""Daily Herald"" openly ridiculed the government's stance, suggesting it stemmed from outdated views on sexuality and a simplistic understanding of the potential for vulnerability among bachelors. One correspondent critiqued the ruling as “half-baked,” arguing that it predicted bachelors were more susceptible to blackmail simply due to their single status, which he found to be a misguided conclusion. He pointed out that it is often the married individuals, with families to consider, who could be more easily compromised. The ""Daily Mail"" echoed these sentiments, stating that while unmarried men may be more socially active and exposed to certain pressures, it does not imply they lack moral strength. They asserted that the character of an individual should matter more than their marital status and expressed doubt about the ruling's effectiveness in enhancing national security or its positive impact on the lives of bachelors. Overall, the new ruling prompted significant debate about its implications, efficacy, and the underlying assumptions about single men in diplomatic roles.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630906_2_98.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630906.2.98,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-199540800
4219,07,09,1963,"British Traitors Since 1945 (Press, 7 September 1963)","The British Secret Service's reputation for espionage and security was significantly challenged following World War II, with numerous high-profile spying cases that have embarrassed the nation and eroded trust among its allies. The decline in Britain's security image began with the case of Dr. Allan Nunn-May, who, during a trial in 1946, admitted to providing the Soviets with critical atomic energy information and materials while working on British projects from 1942 to 1945. Nunn-May was sentenced to ten years in prison. The situation worsened with the defection of physicist Bruno Pontecorvo in 1950, who was affiliated with the Harwell Nuclear Research Institute and subsequently aided the Soviet Union in developing its atomic bomb, leading to his recognition with the Lenin Prize. In the same year, Dr. Klaus Fuchs was arrested for passing atomic secrets to the Soviets, including details about the hydrogen bomb. Fuchs, a communist earlier in life, was sentenced to fourteen years and now resides in East Germany. The Burgess and Maclean affair further troubled British intelligence. Donald Maclean, a senior Foreign Office figure, and Guy Burgess, a second secretary, defected to the Soviet Union in 1951. Their escape, orchestrated by intelligence services, raised alarms about the depth of Soviet infiltration in British government affairs. Both had access to sensitive information regarding Western strategies. Philby, a diplomat involved in their escape, has remained an enigmatic figure, having recently returned to Russia. After a decade without major incidents, George Blake, a former British Vice-Consul who had been captured in Korea, was revealed to have spied for the Soviets for over nine years before being sentenced to 42 years in prison in 1961. His leaks were described by the Lord Chief Justice as having severely undermined British efforts in espionage. In the years following, several other spies, including William John Christopher Vassall and Barbara Fell, were caught passing information to the Soviets. Vassall, lured into espionage through blackmail regarding his sexual orientation, was sentenced to 18 years in 1962 after confessing to providing documents to Russian agents. Fell, being a mistress to a Yugoslav diplomat, received a lighter sentence of two years for passing information from her position at the Central Office of Information. In July 1963, Brian Patchett, a corporal in the British Intelligence Corps, defected to East Germany, further highlighting the ongoing issues with espionage in Britain. The recent death of Guy Burgess in Moscow has drawn attention to a series of Cold War spy cases that reflect the fragility of Britain's security apparatus during this period, with significant consequences still being felt in diplomatic relations. The burial of Burgess was marked by a modest ceremony, attended by key figures from both Western nations and the Soviet side, symbolising the complex web of espionage that has spanned decades.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19630907_2_60.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19630907.2.60,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-199454400
4220,07,10,1963,"Obituary Mr James Courage (Press, 7 October 1963)","James Francis Courage, a notable New Zealand author born in Amberley, passed away in London at the age of 60 on Saturday, 5 October 1963. He was the elder son of Mr H. F. Courage of Seadown and Mrs Z. F. Courage. Courage attended Christ’s College from 1916 to 1921 and had a prolific literary career, writing at least one play and several novels. He also managed a bookshop in London, contributing to the literary community. Courage’s literary journey began with his first publication, “One House,” in 1933. However, his work “The Young Have Secrets,” released in 1954, drew particular attention as it was set in Christchurch, showcasing his New Zealand roots. In addition to his writing, he had a passion for piano playing. Throughout his career, Courage became one of New Zealand’s distinguished authors. However, his work faced controversy; in 1962, the Customs Department, upon the recommendation of an inter-departmental committee, banned his novel “The Way of Love” due to its homosexual theme. This novel had been available to the public since February 1959, but the ban highlighted the societal tensions surrounding topics of sexuality at the time. James Francis Courage's contributions to literature and the challenges he faced reflect both his talent and the complexities of cultural acceptance in New Zealand during his lifetime.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19631007_2_155.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19631007.2.155,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-196862400
7003,14,11,1963,"Crane Towers Over Variety Of Displays (Press, 14 November 1963)","The Canterbury Agricultural and Pastoral Association's showgrounds featured a spectacular array of attractions in 1963, highlighted by a towering crane that stood at 145 feet, supporting an eight-and-a-half-ton concrete bridge beam. This impressive machinery was part of a large display occupying 250,000 square feet, aimed to match the excitement generated by the traditional ferris wheel. Among the machinery, the spotlight was on the diminutive “cub” tractor, measuring only 3 feet in height with a power of 7½ horsepower, significantly less than the usual farm tractors which average around 35 horsepower. These small tractors, recently imported from the United States, were put to practical use by the Dunedin City Council for tasks such as towing mowers, and during the show, they entertained children by towing carts. Another fascinating feature of the show was the percussion-rotation rock drills, capable of drilling 4-inch holes in solid rock up to 250 feet deep. With a price tag of £7500 each, these machines were primarily deployed in quarries and were currently in operation on the Manapouri tail-race project, utilising tungsten carbide bits for efficiency. The side-show alley expanded significantly this year, attracting crowds with a variety of activities, including “dodge ’em” cars and entertaining attractions such as a recently transitioned performer promoting their unique story. Early visitors from Templeton Farm enjoyed a quieter experience as they explored the exhibits, including a bustling Canterbury Court where judges sampled an array of home-baked goods like fruit cakes, preserves, and cheeses. In addition to culinary delights, the show featured displays beneficial to prospective farmers. The Department of Agriculture provided a geographical map of central Canterbury, delineating land quality and offering soil samples. There was also a display from the Canterbury Horticultural Society, showcasing a diverse selection of plants for alpine gardeners and an exhibition on herbs including thyme, sage, and majoram. Promotion of New Zealand lamb in international markets was illustrated through vibrant posters in the New Zealand Refrigerating Company's building, featuring appetising images of lamb dishes, including a whimsical one of Japanese wrestlers being served New Zealand lamb. Notably, attendees ventured to the Canterbury Frozen Meat Company's tent to admire a striking 3-foot high block of ice enveloping a frozen bouquet of rhododendrons, lilacs, and azaleas. Lastly, Lincoln College set up an educational tent titled ""Bossmanship,"" offering guidance on effective employee management for farmers. A lively poultry tent added to the atmosphere, with roosters of various colours vocalising throughout the day, providing a quintessential element to the vibrant show.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19631114_2_210.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19631114.2.210,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-193579200
4221,21,11,1963,"Allegations Of Irregularities At Cherry Farm... (Press, 21 November 1963)","A report released on 21 November 1963 by Mr W. H. Reid, the district inspector of mental hospitals for Otago, concluded that allegations of misconduct at Cherry Farm Hospital were baseless. The inquiry, prompted by anonymous claims published in a weekly paper, investigated accusations of victimisation, homosexuality, and improper conduct by staff members. Health Minister Mr McKay highlighted that the allegations were completely unfounded. Mr Reid's findings addressed several specific allegations. He determined that claims of homosexual conduct by a charge nurse, referred to as X, had ""no substance."" He also evaluated seven other allegations which could imply impropriety but found none had merit. An investigation into claims of favouritism by X revealed that while he did give gifts to certain patients, such actions could create jealousy among those who did not receive gifts, leading to unnecessary complications within the hospital environment. In evaluating complaints against other members of the staff, Mr Reid again found no evidence to support any further allegations. He also investigated a patient's complaint regarding treatment and found that the patient's condition was largely due to his own lack of cooperation with hospital protocols. Addressing the issue of victimisation, Mr Reid indicated that complaints from staff regarding unfair treatment were more reflective of their resistance to criticism rather than genuine victimisation. He examined eight complaints of victimisation and concluded that these were not substantiated. Furthermore, during the inquiry, 11 specific complaints concerning general hospital administration were examined, out of which only two came from relatives, signalling a general satisfaction with the treatment being provided at Cherry Farm. Most patients were reported to receive appropriate and effective treatment. Mr Reid noted that the hospital had been under significant strain, suggesting that the inquiry had disrupted its administration and might have negatively impacted patient care. He acknowledged that only minor complaints were substantiated and attributed the high standard of patient care to the overall efficiency of the hospital. He also commented on the importance of following proper communication channels within the hospital and stressed that breaches of confidentiality by staff members who spoke to the media about hospital matters were inappropriate. In conclusion, Mr Reid affirmed the dedication of staff members like charge nurse X, appreciating their emotional engagement with patients while asserting that there was nothing ""sinister"" in their actions. The report suggested that claims of severe misconduct were unfounded and reflected a need for better internal communication to address grievances appropriately.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19631121_2_32.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19631121.2.32,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-192974400
4222,21,01,1964,"Vicar “not Afraid” Of Lung Cancer (Press, 21 January 1964)","A report published in 1964 by American doctors, linking lung cancer to smoking, does not seem to trouble the Reverend J. G. Nicholls, vicar of Camberwell, London. In an interview conducted in Christchurch, Nicholls expressed a fearless attitude towards death as a Christian. He was the first participant in London's inaugural anti-smoking clinic, where he lasted only three weeks before succumbing to temptation on his birthday when he received a gift of 1000 cigarettes. He remarked that, as a Cornishman, he could not waste them, and clarified that he does not smoke more than 20 cigarettes daily. Nicholls also noted that non-smokers can develop lung cancer, sharing a poignant tale about officiating at the funeral of a three-month-old baby who succumbed to the disease. On his current visit to Christchurch, Nicholls is there to express gratitude on behalf of Camberwell's citizens for the support they received from the Christchurch community during World War II. Camberwell, a significant metropolitan borough in England with a population nearing half a million, suffered extensive destruction due to bombing raids. As part of this visit, Nicholls plans to present a film about Camberwell and deliver recorded messages from local leaders, along with a London Rotary flag. In addition to his clerical work, Nicholls has pioneered an organisation known as the Camberwell Samaritans, established about two years ago. This group consists of various professionals, including psychiatrists, sociologists, doctors, and clergy, who address pressing social issues such as suicide, sexual deviation, and alcoholism. The organisation emerged in response to the rehousing of individuals displaced by bombing and the influx of people moving to London. Nicholls highlighted three main social issues that have surfaced through the Samaritans' efforts. The first is alcoholism, with the organisation providing support to individuals at advanced stages of addiction. They assign 'big brothers' or 'big sisters' to help encourage recovering alcoholics to seek treatment and provide ongoing support. The second issue addressed by Nicholls is sexual deviation. In a densely populated area, the prevalence of homosexuality has presented unique challenges. Nicholls explains that many individuals experience feelings of isolation and a desire to conform to heterosexual norms, and the Samaritans provide a supportive environment for these individuals, ensuring they are accepted by their families. However, he specified that this support does not extend to sexual offenders. Lastly, the Samaritans also tackle social issues linked to overcrowding, aging, and family difficulties. They have established a youth committee aimed at assisting children and opened a new £30,000 youth centre designed for children aged four to eighteen, whom they term ‘latch-key children’. This initiative offers a safe space for children while their parents are at work, helping to keep them out of trouble and engaged in positive activities.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19640121_2_138.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19640121.2.138,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-187704000
4223,13,02,1964,"Steward's Death Police Evidence Of Inquiries In... (Press, 13 February 1964)","On 12 February 1964, a Magistrate’s Court in Wellington heard evidence concerning a murder charge against 20-year-old John Vincent, a deckhand on the New Zealand Star. The charge pertains to the alleged murder of the ship's chief steward, David Alan Rowe, which is said to have occurred on New Year’s Day between Panama and Christmas Island. The case is presided over by Mr R. D. Jamieson, S.M. William Wallace Thomas Caldwell, an acting-superintendent of the Fiji Police, provided testimony regarding his investigation. Following a report from the New Zealand Star's captain on 14 January, Caldwell boarded the ship on 23 January in Suva, accompanied by a police inspector. At the time, the ship had 12 passengers and a crew of 68. All individuals on board were interviewed during the inquiry. Caldwell reported that in Rowe's cabin, he found what appeared to be blood splatters on the deck and wall. During the search of Vincent’s shared cabin, he discovered three radios and a tape recorder, with some wires extending from one radio. After questioning Vincent at the police station, Caldwell recounted a “violent denial” from Vincent regarding accusations of homosexuality. Vincent vehemently rejected the idea, expressing animosity towards homosexuals. Caldwell challenged Vincent, suggesting that his hatred for Rowe stemmed from purported homosexual advances made by Rowe. Vincent responded that while Rowe may have attempted such advances, he had rebuffed them, leading to Rowe leaving him alone. On the night of the murder, Vincent claimed he departed a crew party at approximately 10.45 p.m. to search for aerial material for a radio. He contended he intended to avoid trouble for taking wire, although he did not find what he was looking for that night. He further stated he had not entered Rowe's cabin on that day or afterward, except for sitting outside. In a significant turn during the investigation, Caldwell noted that on 28 January, he interviewed a seaman named Melvyne Morgan, who suggested that Vincent had confessed to him about having killed Rowe. However, when confronted about this assertion, Vincent denied an acknowledgment of guilt, claiming he had merely been boasting. The proceedings were adjourned until 18 February, as the investigation into the circumstances surrounding Rowe's death continued.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19640213_2_149.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19640213.2.149,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-185716800
4224,19,02,1964,"Crew Tense After Steward’s Death (Press, 19 February 1964)","On February 18, 1964, the Wellington Magistrate’s Court began hearing a murder charge against a 20-year-old deckhand, John Vincent, in relation to the death of the chief steward of the New Zealand Star, David Alan Rowe. The ship's master, Ifor Bodvel Owen, testified that following Rowe's death, the crew had requested to keep watch on ""monkey island"" in pairs rather than in the forecastle head. Owen also recounted events leading up to Rowe's death, including social gatherings on the ship and the fact that the crew did not receive an extra beer ration on Christmas, which was customary. Owen described how, on January 1, after being alerted by the captain’s steward, he found Rowe in his cabin badly injured, with blood covering his head, bedding, and showing signs of severe trauma. Despite efforts to check on the crew and find anyone with bloodstains, Rowe succumbed to his injuries at 9:25 a.m. that same day and was buried at sea shortly thereafter. An investigation commenced, led by Owen and the first officer. Vincent, who was among the last crew members to be interviewed, initially claimed to have been at a party in the messroom when ice-cream was thrown through a skylight. However, he later admitted to spending the night of December 26 in Rowe’s cabin, though he was embarrassed to reveal this earlier. Witnesses provided further insights into Rowe’s character and Vincent's actions. A carpenter noted the absence of a stanchion from a rack after Rowe's death. Rowe was identified as homosexual by second steward William Mathews, who had witnessed Vincent leaving Rowe's cabin the following morning. Additionally, a union representative, Roland Granville, testified about a conversation he had with Vincent that raised alarm. Vincent expressed disdain for homosexuals and made a statement that implied satisfaction with Rowe’s death, leading Granville to advise him against making such remarks. The court heard from a range of witnesses related to the case, with twelve witnesses presented by the Crown on the first day and an expectation of fifteen more the following day. The complexity of the case was underscored by the crew dynamics and the social settings aboard the ship during the days leading to the incident.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19640219_2_171.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19640219.2.171,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-185198400
4225,20,02,1964,"Evidence Of Crew In Murder Charge Ended (Press, 20 February 1964)","On 19 February 1964, the Lower Court in Wellington heard evidence from crew members of the New Zealand Star in a murder case against 20-year-old deckhand John Vincent. He is charged with the murder of the ship's chief steward, David Alan Rowe, which occurred on 1 January while the vessel was on a high seas journey between Panama and Christmas Island. The presiding magistrate, Mr. R.D. Jamieson, oversaw the proceedings in which two Crown witnesses were yet to testify. Medical practitioner Kevin Fitzmaurice Ross, the ship's doctor, reported that he was called to Rowe's cabin late on 1 January where he found Rowe unconscious with severe injuries including fractures to the nose and jaws, multiple lacerations, and substantial bleeding. The severity of Rowe's injuries suggested he had been attacked while asleep with a heavy blunt object, possibly a stanchion post. Rowe was pronounced dead around 1:25 a.m. on 2 January without regaining consciousness. Investigations revealed no weapons found in the cabin that could have caused the injuries, and the assailant likely did not get blood on themselves. Chief Officer Ian John Tait was instructed by the captain to inspect crew members for bloodstains. Vincent was notably the last to show his hands, which were clean, though Tait remarked that he had them folded under his arms prior. Further testimonies from various crew members, including Vincent's cabin mate Martin George Wills, described Vincent as having a generally amiable disposition but noted instances of temper. After being questioned, Wills indicated that while having a drink with Vincent, Vincent had shown signs of distress when marks on his arm were pointed out. Assistant steward Hans Joachim Klien noted Rowe’s reputation as both physically fit and active and suggested his homosexual inclinations given his relationships aboard. Another assistant steward, Michael John Donaghue, recalled a previously awkward interaction with Rowe, wherein Rowe had attempted to kiss him before the assault. A senior ordinary seaman, Michael Leslie Cole, mentioned an unsettling remark Vincent made about the prospect of being associated with a murderer, further complicating the narrative surrounding his character. Vincent was noted to have reacted defensively when jokingly accused of involvement in Rowe's death by a fellow crew member, Trevor Norman Thompson. Thompson's subsequent discussion with Vincent suggested he believed the murder was retaliatory in nature. The hearing into the murder charge was adjourned until the following day, as the court awaited testimonies from additional witnesses.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19640220_2_147.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19640220.2.147,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-185112000
4226,03,03,1964,"Counsel Alleges Youth Had Motive For Murder (Press, 3 March 1964)","On 2 March 1964, in the Supreme Court of Wellington, New Zealand, the trial of John Vincent, a 20-year-old deck-hand, commenced regarding the murder of David Alan Rowe, the chief steward of the New Zealand Star. The alleged murder took place on 1 January 1964 while the vessel was sailing in the Pacific Ocean between Panama and Christmas Island. The Crown prosecutor, Mr J. D. Murray, suggested that Vincent's violent reactions to discussions about homosexuality could provide a compelling motive for the murder. The court heard that Vincent had been found in compromising circumstances with Rowe, who had a history of being a practising homosexual. Mr Murray detailed events leading up to Rowe's death, including a bingo game on 26 December where Vincent and Rowe were seen conversing and drinking together. On the night of the incident, a party was held on the ship, and Rowe was later discovered in his bunk with severe injuries to his head and face. Following a brutal assault, Rowe was pronounced dead shortly after midnight, despite medical efforts. Evidence presented indicated that Rowe had suffered multiple blows from a blunt object, with bruising consistent with such an attack. Notably, a missing stanchion from the ship’s railings was identified, and paint flecks found near Rowe's bunk matched the stanchion’s colour. On 20 January, during police questioning in Suva, Vincent expressed a strong dislike for homosexuals and admitted to sleeping in Rowe’s cabin on the night of the bingo. However, he denied any sexual intercourse occurred. Cross-examinations revealed inconsistencies in Vincent's accounts, such as his recollection of events following the attack and where he was on the night in question. Testimonies underscored Vincent's alleged anger towards homosexuals, suggesting that feelings of remorse might have contributed to his actions. The trial continued, with the jury inspecting the New Zealand Star, assessing the circumstantial evidence and the implications of Vincent's past interactions with Rowe, which could portray a motive for the murder. The case remains ongoing as further evidence is examined.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19640303_2_185.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19640303.2.185,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-184075200
4227,04,03,1964,"Stewards’ Evidence In Murder Trial (Press, 4 March 1964)","On 3 March 1964, in the Supreme Court at Wellington, William Edward Mathews, a ship's steward, provided testimony as a Crown witness in the murder trial of John Vincent, a 20-year-old deckhand. Vincent is accused of murdering David Alan Rowe, the chief steward of the New Zealand Star, on 1 January 1964, while the ship was en route between Panama and Christmas Island. Mathews, who had known Rowe for eight years, recounted seeing Vincent and Rowe together in Rowe’s cabin early on 27 December, just before the New Year. He described a New Year’s Eve party where he and Rowe departed together, and later, he noticed Rowe in a compromising position with another steward, Michael John Donoghue, shortly before returning to his cabin at approximately 10 p.m. Mathews later found Rowe injured in his cabin, bleeding from his head. During questioning, Mathews revealed that Rowe was known to be a practising homosexual and self-identified as a homosexual himself, known by the nickname ""Jessie."" Donoghue corroborated Mathews’ account, stating that on the night of Rowe's death, Rowe had attempted to kiss him before Donoghue went to the galley for food. At around 11:25 p.m., Donoghue discovered Rowe covered in blood and alerted the doctor. Trevor Norman Thompson, another deckhand, testified about a conversation he had with Vincent after the crime, where Vincent's remarks suggested an acknowledgment of involvement in Rowe's condition. Thompson noted that Vincent later urged him to forget what he had seen and heard that night. The trial aims to explore the circumstances surrounding Rowe's death, including the social dynamics among the crew, and will continue with further hearings.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19640304_2_145.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19640304.2.145,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-183988800
4228,05,03,1964,"Evidence Ended In Vincent’s Trial (Press, 5 March 1964)","On 5 March 1964, the Supreme Court in Wellington heard testimony regarding the murder charges against 20-year-old John Vincent, a deckhand on the New Zealand Star, concerning the death of chief steward David Alan Rowe on 1 January. Officer James Edward Clews recounted that during an investigation on 28 January at Napier, he had approached Vincent about some foodstuffs he was carrying. Vincent indicated that he was ""clearing out"" and expressed that he hitch-hiked back to the ship. Clews labelled Vincent the “chief suspect” in Rowe's murder, referring to Vincent's admission of motive. During testimonies, Vincent suggested he had been “seduced” while aboard the ship but did not clarify any details about the person involved. Melvyn Morgan, an able seaman, recalled a conversation in a cabin where Vincent commented on drinking with a murderer, but he could not provide precise recollections of the events discussed concerning Rowe's murder. Roland Granville, a representative of the British Seamen’s Union, testified that Vincent expressed reluctance to associate with certain crew members whom he derogatorily referred to, stating “I hate queers and that job on board ship was a job well done,” implying a level of discomfort regarding homosexuals. The acting superintendent of the Fiji Police Force, William Wallace Caldwell, stated in court that he questioned Vincent about his sexuality. Vincent vehemently denied the suggestion that he was homosexual, expressing anger at the insinuation. Caldwell also noted that Vincent had stated he felt uncomfortable in a situation of undress with Rowe but claimed to have reconciled the feelings over time. The persistent questioning about Vincent’s attitudes toward homosexuals suggested that it was a key aspect of the investigation, leading to substantial focus from Caldwell. He confirmed that he conducted additional interviews with various passengers on the ship as part of the inquiry into Rowe’s murder. As the Crown presented its case concluding with the testimony of constable Clews, Vincent's senior counsel, Mr G. C. Kent, indicated that they would not call any further evidence. The court proceedings were set to conclude with final addresses by counsel and a summation by Mr Justice Haslam, setting the stage for a resolution in this high-profile murder case at sea.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19640305_2_187.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19640305.2.187,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-183902400
4229,17,03,1964,"Tribunal Rules Book Not Indecent (Press, 17 March 1964)","On 16 March 1964, the Indecent Publications Tribunal in Wellington, New Zealand, released its decision regarding the book “Another Country” by James Baldwin. The tribunal, chaired by Sir Kenneth Gresson, ruled that the book does not qualify as indecent under Section 10 (a) of the Indecent Publications Act, 1963. The tribunal also declined to impose any distribution restrictions for young people, noting that the book had been available for several months without incident and features a simple, dignified dust cover. This decision marks a significant first application of the Indecent Publications Act of 1963. The tribunal analysed submissions from various parties, including counsel for the Secretary for Justice, represented by Solicitor-General Mr H. R. C. Wild, Q.C., who argued for a classification review. The tribunal allowed a representative from the New Zealand Library Association to present a submission. The book was defended by the publisher's representatives, including Mr L. M. Greig, and expert witnesses such as Dr. M. C. Groves and Professor T. Crawford also provided evidence, stating that the work offers a serious and accurate depiction of life in the African American community in New York. They argued that while it deals with themes of sexual relations and social indignities, it serves a humanitarian purpose and provides valuable insights into the experiences of Black individuals. The overall assessment praised the novel for its sincerity and moral weight, despite acknowledging that certain passages may be viewed as offensive. Sir Kenneth Gresson pointed out that the tribunal must evaluate the book as a whole rather than isolating explicit passages from their context. While conceding that some language and themes could be deemed inappropriate for younger audiences, the tribunal concluded that the book's social commentary and representation of race relations hold significant merit for mature readers. They identified that a young adolescent might perceive the book merely as a crude narrative of sexual conduct, which may not be in their best interest to read. Despite these considerations, the tribunal ultimately concluded that imposing any sales restrictions at this stage was unnecessary, given the book's established presence in the market. They emphasised that it did not possess the attributes of a publication likely to corrupt or deprave readers, particularly noting its dignified presentation. Sir Kenneth Gresson’s remarks suggest that while they recognised potential concerns regarding youth exposure to such content, they believed it was too late to implement restrictions on its sale. In summary, the tribunal's decision reinforced the notion that valuable literary works, even with challenging content, should be accessible, especially once they have already been circulating in society without complaint.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19640317_2_80.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19640317.2.80,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-182865600
6552,11,04,1964,"New Fiction (Press, 11 April 1964)","Lesley Styles' novel ""The Outer Gate,"" published in 1964, explores the life of John Peters, a gifted yet insecure artist navigating the complexities of love and self-identity. The narrative begins in Queensland before transitioning to Chelsea, London, and then back to Australia. John is introduced as a pioneering artist whose talents go largely unrecognised, except by a select few. After being rescued from a challenging life in Melbourne, he settles in Surfer’s Paradise, where he becomes infatuated with Sue Garrick, a successful advertising agent. Their intense romance ultimately crumbles when John learns of Sue's infidelity. Unable to grasp her belief in separating physical love from emotional loyalty, he ends the relationship and takes a job as a stoker on a cargo ship to England. In London, John befriends fellow artist Paul Dane while living in a shared studio flat. Although heartbroken and unable to create art, John immerses himself in the vibrant artistic community, encountering various characters that expand his worldview. Through a journey of personal growth and a brief affair in Spain, he reassesses his views on love and fidelity, maturing in the process. Styles’ prose is praised for its simplicity and emotional depth, making ""The Outer Gate"" a compelling exploration of love and artistic ambition. G. M. Glaskin’s ""Flight To Landfall"" presents a different narrative focused on Mrs Van Dooren, who brings diamonds to town, sparking rumours of hidden riches in her remote settlement. An author, reluctantly investigating these claims, discovers the stunning beauty of Landfall and hears the story of its past involving Fiona Scott-Fraser, who escapes from Singapore before Japanese occupation. She and others face dire circumstances in the wilderness after missing evacuation. The group dynamics reveal the best and worst of human nature as they struggle for survival in harsh conditions. The tale unfolds with challenges leading to personal transformation and profound consequences, ultimately showcasing the dialogue between human ambition and the enduring beauty of the land. Martha Wiley Emmett's “A Shadow Backwards” delves into profound themes of sex, death, and mental turmoil. It narrates the experiences of Jane Thompson, a mother grappling with her introspective nature following a miscarriage. The story intricately weaves her internal battle for sanity with that of Roger Rutherford, a man seeking artistic success but finding it elusive. Jane’s journey toward recovery is marked by physical and emotional pain, contrasting with Roger’s more public struggle that leads to his decline. The novel confronts uncomfortable topics with raw honesty, compelling readers to engage with the harsh realities faced by its characters while delivering a thoughtful reflection on human resilience amid despair. These three novels present diverse explorations of human experience, emotional turmoil, and artistic expression, capturing the essence of the post-war literary landscape in 1964.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19640411_2_49_9.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19640411.2.49.9,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-180705600
4230,06,05,1964,"Supreme Court Six Youths On Trial On Manslaughter... (Press, 6 May 1964)","Six youths, aged between 15 and 17, are currently on trial at the Supreme Court, facing charges of manslaughter in connection with the death of Charles Arthur Allan Aberhart, which occurred in Hagley Park on January 23, 1964. The trial began with each youth pleading not guilty. The accused are Anthony Dennis O’Connor, 16; Brian Francis Johns, 17; Raymond Clive Neither, 17; Zane Leslie McDonald, 15; Frank Leicester Reynolds, 16; and Roger Malcolm Williams, 17. The Crown is represented by Mr C. M. Roper, who stated that Aberhart was assaulted by the youths, which led to his death. Evidence presented includes that of Mr Cruthers, a cyclist who discovered Aberhart’s body on a grass verge in the park around 10 p.m. that night. An examination by Dr. L. L. Treadgold indicated that Aberhart had died from a brain haemorrhage, with injuries suggesting he was struck while being restrained by the arms. Mr Roper highlighted two unusual circumstances that led to the prompt interviews of the accused on the morning after Aberhart's death. A 1936-model Ford, owned by Williams, was seen parked near the park entrance earlier that evening, noted by Mr Cruthers and another individual, Mr Lamb. When interrogated, all but one of the youths provided written statements, which the jury must consider only as evidence against the individual accused. The Crown argued that the youths had converged on the park with the intention of assaulting a homosexual, a person they referred to derogatorily as ""a queer."" The prosecution asserted that the events unfolded in a sequence: the decision to go to the park, the identification of Aberhart as a suspected homosexual, luring him to a secluded area, and ultimately the physical assault. Witnesses provided testimony regarding their observations that night. William Gordon Overfield noticed two men under trees, one of whom he identified as Williams. He recalled one man calling for police assistance, while Stanley Russell Francis described being pursued by the group of youths when he was in the park lavatory. Detective-Sergeant A. E. G. Rogers stated that Reynolds indicated in a written confession that the group had gone to the park to explore homosexual activity. The accused Neither admitted to knocking Aberhart to the ground during the altercation and claimed to have taken money from him. The trial is expected to continue through the week, with further evidence being presented. Additionally, a bench warrant was issued for another individual, Albert Edward Leckie, who failed to report to the police as required in relation to a separate charge of indecent assault on a male. Meanwhile, in Auckland, significant rainfall was noted, approaching the total rainfall recorded for the entire month of April.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19640506_2_113.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19640506.2.113,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-178545600
4231,09,05,1964,"Supreme Court Jury Hears Addresses In Trial Of Six... (Press, 9 May 1964)","On 9 May 1964, the Supreme Court concluded the addresses by counsel in the trial of six youths charged with the manslaughter of Charles Arthur Allan Aberhart, who was assaulted in Hagley Park on 23 January. The jury, under Mr Justice Macarthur, is set to receive the judge's summation on the following Monday. The accused, aged between 15 and 17, include Anthony Dennis O'Connor (16), Brian Francis Johns (17), Raymond Clive Neither (17), Zane Leslie McDonald (15), Frank Leicester Reynolds (16), and Roger Malcolm Williams (17). The Crown, represented by Mr C. M. Roper and Mr L. C. J. Polson, contends that Aberhart's death resulted from a concerted effort by the accused to seek out and assault him. In his remarks, Mr Roper emphatically stated that Aberhart died due to the assault, asserting that the youth sought Aberhart, whom they deemed a “queer.” He highlighted that O'Connor admitted to wanting to beat up a gay man, and he categorised the actions of the youths as a ""joint venture."" Roper cited the verbal admissions made by Neither and noted that both Williams and Neither had directly assaulted Aberhart, while Reynolds was involved in leading Aberhart towards the others for the attack. Roper described the events as a ""sordid story,"" emphasising that Aberhart, despite his alleged shortcomings, had the right to live. Defence counsel offered counterarguments. Mr Drake, representing Williams, argued that the evidence should be scrutinised individually for each defendant, asserting that Williams had disclosed details of the night and left before the fatal incident. Mr Penlington for Reynolds declared that mere presence at the crime scene didn't equate to guilt and suggested a larger individual would need to have delivered the lethal blow. Other defence lawyers argued that the evidence against their clients was either non-existent or insufficient for a manslaughter charge. Mr Brockett, representing Johns, insisted that there was no substantial proof of active participation in the assault. Each defence counsel stressed the importance of individual behaviours and intentions, suggesting that the Crown's case lacked clarity and that no distinct act of manslaughter could be solely attributed to any one of the youths. As the court awaits the summation from Justice Macarthur, the case has highlighted deep questions about youth culpability, societal prejudice, and the nature of mob mentality in acts of violence.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19640509_2_214.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19640509.2.214,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-178286400
4232,17,07,1964,"Uniform Proceedings Move (Press, 17 July 1964)","On 15 July 1964, police in Britain received an informal directive to refrain from pursuing charges against consenting homosexuals engaged in private activities. This instruction, communicated to heads of police forces, was designed to ensure uniformity in handling such cases by requiring police to submit details to the Director of Public Prosecutions prior to any action. A spokesman for the Home Office stated this move was intended to standardise procedures. Previously, police had been able to initiate prosecutions independently, leading to inconsistent outcomes across various jurisdictions. As a result, this shift may spark debate within Parliament, given the historical context surrounding laws on homosexuality. The issue of homosexual acts between consenting males had previously been addressed by a Government commission known as the Wolfenden Report, published seven years earlier, which advocated for the legalisation of such behaviour in private. Despite its recommendations, Parliament had not reached a consensus to alter existing law on the matter. Moreover, two years ago, an attempt to legislate on the issue through a Private Member’s Bill, which aimed to require consultation with the Director of Public Prosecutions in relevant cases, was ultimately dismissed during parliamentary proceedings. Current assessments suggest that significant legislative changes regarding homosexuality are unlikely to occur before the upcoming General Election scheduled for autumn 1964.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19640717_2_133.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19640717.2.133,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-172324800
4234,03,08,1964,"Legal Action By Peer Against News Group (Press, 3 August 1964)","On 2 August 1964, it was reported that Lord Boothby, who had publicly rejected allegations about a homosexual relationship with a London gang leader, has decided to take legal action against Daily Mirror Newspapers, Ltd. His decision came after writing a letter to ""The Times"" due to distress caused by persistent rumours stemming from articles in the ""Sunday Mirror."" Lord Boothby described the ""Sunday Mirror"" and ""Daily Mirror"" as sources of these ""sinister rumours"" regarding his supposed connections with a convicted criminal. After considering the situation for several days and consulting extensively with legal advisors, Lord Boothby chose to confront the allegations directly, despite recommendations from prominent friends who believed the rumours would fade on their own. He recounted a timeline of events that began approximately ten weeks prior when a stranger contacted him about a business matter. Unaware of the man's criminal background, Lord Boothby initially perceived him as an accomplished businessman promoting a legitimate housing development project in West Africa. During their meetings, the stranger requested that Lord Boothby serve as the chairman for the venture, but after reviewing the details, he declined the role. In a follow-up visit, the man expressed a desire for a photographs with Lord Boothby, claiming admiration for his television appearances. This resulted in a brief get-together during which a photo was taken on Boothby's sofa, marking their last encounter. The situation escalated when the ""Sunday Mirror"" published its first report on 12 July, titled ""The Peer And The Gangster."" This article alleged that the Metropolitan Police Commissioner had initiated an inquiry related to alleged extortion and blackmail connected to Lord Boothby, a claim that the Commissioner subsequently denied. A second story followed on 19 July, dubbed ""The Picture We Must Not Print,"" which further fueled speculation. Eventually, the German magazine ""Stern"" included both Lord Boothby's name and that of the alleged gangster in a version of this unfolding story. In response to the allegations, Lord Boothby enlisted the services of leading counsel, including Lord Gardiner, Q.C., and Mr Colin Duncan, Q.C., to represent him in the forthcoming legal battle against the newspapers. Through this legal action, Lord Boothby aims to clear his name and address the damaging implications of the allegations that have disrupted his personal and public life.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19640803_2_146.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19640803.2.146,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-170856000
4233,03,08,1964,"Lord Boothby’s Letter To ‘the Times’ (Press, 3 August 1964)","On 3 August 1964, Lord Boothby, a prominent British politician and life peer, publicly addressed serious allegations made against him in a letter published in ""The Times."" Born Robert John Graham Boothby in 1900, he has had a significant career in political and public affairs, including serving as parliamentary private secretary to Sir Winston Churchill from 1926 to 1929. He holds various positions, including director of David Allen and Sons, Ltd, and vice-chairman of the International Movement for Atlantic Union. In his letter, Lord Boothby vehemently denied rumours suggesting that he had a homosexual relationship with a known criminal involved in a London protection racket. The allegations included claims that he attended all-male parties in Mayfair and had been photographed in compromising situations. He refuted these claims, asserting that the accounts are fabricated and the result of a campaign led by the ""Sunday Mirror"" and ""Daily Mirror"" newspapers. Lord Boothby explained that upon returning to London from France on 17 July, he was astonished to find that the media and public were rife with speculation regarding his supposed indiscretions. He outlined that he only met the alleged gangster three times regarding business, all of which occurred in his flat and in the presence of others. He further clarified that he had never attended any parties associated with the criminal underworld or clergymen in Brighton, nor had anyone attempted to blackmail him. The letter also noted that the police had not conducted any surveillance on his activities, contrary to the allegations made against him. He expressed frustration over the damaging effects of the false rumours, stating that it creates an impossible situation for public figures who feel compelled to defend their reputations amidst unfounded accusations. Lord Boothby concluded his letter by challenging the newspapers to produce any evidence they claim to possess regarding the allegations. He stated that he is not a homosexual and has not attended any such parties for over 20 years. A spokesperson from the ""Daily Mirror"" responded to the controversy by declining to comment further. The Home Secretary, Mr Brooke, had previously stated in the House of Commons that the police found no supporting evidence for claims that a criminal protection racket existed involving club owners and a connection between a peer and a leading criminal.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19640803_2_141.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19640803.2.141,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-170856000
4235,04,08,1964,"Boothby To Take Counsel’s Advice (Press, 4 August 1964)","On 2 August 1964, Lord Boothby announced that he had not yet made a decision regarding whether to sue Daily Mirror Newspapers, Ltd. His statement followed an article published in the “Sunday Times” that included allegations about his supposed homosexual relations with a London gang leader. In response to these claims, Lord Boothby had previously published a letter in “The Times” denying that he was the peer mentioned in the report. At the time, Lord Boothby, who had been recovering on doctor's orders at a friend's home in Cambridge, expressed concern over inaccuracies in the “Sunday Times” article, particularly a claim that he had retained legal counsel from Lord Gardiner and had met with Sir William Hayley. He clarified that while he is close friends with Lord Gardiner, he had not engaged him for legal representation. Boothby indicated that he was awaiting legal advice, which would guide his decisions regarding potential legal action against the newspaper. He planned to consult with his legal advisers after returning to London, stating that he had not yet made any definitive resolutions.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19640804_2_142.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19640804.2.142,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-170769600
4236,07,08,1964,"‘Mirror’ Pays £40,000 To Lord Boothby (Press, 7 August 1964)","On 6 August 1964, the International Publishing Corporation (I.P.C.), which owns the “Daily Mirror” and “Sunday Mirror,” issued a public apology to Lord Boothby and agreed to pay him £40,000 in compensation. This decision stemmed from an article published in the ""Sunday Mirror,"" which implied a scandal involving Lord Boothby, suggesting he had an inappropriate homosexual relationship with a notorious figure in the London underworld. The article specifically mentioned that a Scotland Yard investigation into this alleged relationship had been ordered. Although the ""Sunday Mirror"" never directly named Lord Boothby, he discovered upon his return to London from France that there were rampant speculations and accusations regarding his involvement in the alleged relationship. The situation triggered a backlash, with various circles in Parliament and Fleet Street discussing the accusations extensively. In his correspondence published in ""The Times,"" Lord Boothby expressed his astonishment at the unfounded rumours circulating about him. Following the uproar, I.P.C. reached out to his solicitors, indicating their willingness to rectify the situation and restore Lord Boothby’s reputation through a prominent publication of the apology. Mr Cecil Harmsworth King, the chairman of I.P.C., underscored the corporate philosophy that newspapers should promptly acknowledge their mistakes and expressed satisfaction that any claims suggesting improper conduct on Lord Boothby’s part were unfounded. The apology included a personal expression of regret from both him and the board of directors regarding the story's publication. Additionally, it was stated that Lord Boothby would donate £5,000 to the King Edward the Seventh Hospital in London as part of the resolution.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19640807_2_134.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19640807.2.134,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-170510400
4237,11,09,1964,"Homosexual Clinic (Press, 11 September 1964)","At the Catholic prison chaplains' conference held in Auckland on 10 September 1964, a proposal was presented advocating for the establishment of a specialised clinic for homosexual offenders. The Rev. Father M. Burning, who serves as the chaplain at Wi Tako prison in Trentham, highlighted his extensive study and concern regarding the treatment of individuals with homosexual tendencies. He argued that current facilities, namely prisons and hospitals, are inadequate for addressing the needs of these individuals. Father Burning emphasised that incarcerating someone with such tendencies in an all-male prison environment is fundamentally inappropriate. He called for the creation of a ""half-way house"" or clinic that would serve as an alternative treatment setting, one that lies outside the prison and hospital framework. His vision included a place designed to facilitate rehabilitation and reintegration into society, where these individuals could receive appropriate support and guidance. The chaplain acknowledged the efforts of the Justice Department in tackling issues related to homosexuality but insisted that a dedicated clinic would significantly enhance therapeutic opportunities. Father Burning's proposals were aimed at ensuring that individuals grappling with homosexuality are provided with the necessary tools and support to become constructive members of their communities.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19640911_2_30.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19640911.2.30,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-167486400
6848,15,10,1964,"Defending His Right To Wear Women’s Clothes (Press, 15 October 1964)","On 14 October 1964, the New York Civil Liberties Union (NYCLU) stepped in to champion the rights of John Miller, a 58-year-old man arrested for wearing women’s clothing. Miller, also referred to as Joan Miller, was apprehended in March while dressed in a brown two-piece women's suit, high heels, a fur cape, along with a wig and make-up. He was charged with vagrancy, a law underpinned by a section of an 1845 Vagrancy Act originally aimed at thwarting anti-rent movements by criminalising disguise among protesters. During the court proceedings, police described Miller's attire in detail while he maintained a letter from a psychiatrist that identified him as a transvestite. Following a two-day sentence in a workhouse, Miller appealed the conviction. The NYCLU entered the case as a ""friend of the court,"" arguing against the misuse of the law to persecute individuals for their choices in lifestyle or expression. They contended that the legislation was not intended to apply to Miller's situation, given its historical context. The appeal is scheduled to be heard by the State Supreme Court next month, as the issue of personal rights and expressions in the face of antiquated laws comes to the forefront of legal debate.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19641015_2_153.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19641015.2.153,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-164548800
4238,23,10,1964,"Churches Agree On Homosexual Law (Press, 23 October 1964)","On 22 October 1964, the British Council of Churches discussed recent legal changes regarding the decriminalisation of homosexual acts between consenting men in private. The council, composed of 23 churches across the British Isles excluding the Roman Catholic Church, revealed that while there is no outright opposition to these changes, opinions remain divided within certain congregations. A resolution was passed to form an advisory group tasked with engaging with the new Home Secretary, Sir Frank Soskice, on implementing recommendations from the Wolfenden report. This report, published in 1957 and led by Sir John Wolfenden, advocated for the decriminalisation of private homosexual acts among adult men. The Rev. Kenneth Greet, chairman of the advisory group, noted during the meeting in Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire, that public opinion has shifted positively since the report's release. He highlighted a significant directive from the Home Office stating that police are to refrain from charging individuals for private homosexual behaviour without consulting the Director of Public Prosecutions first. This reflects a broader change in societal attitudes toward homosexuality and the enforcement of related laws. Additionally, on the same day, the 57-nation Afro-Asian group within the United Nations, which holds a majority in the assembly, announced its decision to postpone the opening of the General Assembly until December 1964.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19641023_2_134.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19641023.2.134,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-163857600
4239,30,10,1964,"Magistrate’s Court Three Months' Gaol For Theft Of... (Press, 30 October 1964)","On 30 October 1964, the Magistrate's Court dealt with various cases involving theft, indecent acts, forgery, and other offences among others. Alan William Brand, 30, was sentenced to three months in prison for stealing five bicycles and groceries worth £1 5s 9d. The Magistrate noted concerns about the increasing bike thefts in Christchurch, and despite Brand's claims of financial hardship due to back injuries and debts of £200, the court found his actions unjustifiable. Murray James Johnson, 29, received six months for permitting an indecent act with another male, with the Magistrate stressing that public indecency would be met with severe penalties. John Herbert Costello, 34, was placed on a 12-month probation for forging a Post Office Savings Bank withdrawal slip to support his family. Seventeen-year-old Ronald James Barr was fined £8 for stealing two milkshake containers while already on probation. Three charges against 61-year-old Harold James Prisk for indecently assaulting young girls were dismissed due to his not guilty plea. The court heard a range of traffic-related offences, including George Charles Nicholson, 23, who faced multiple driving charges after dangerous driving incidents, and John Francis Rapley, 22, who was fined £40 and disqualified for driving under the influence. In a burglary case, Kandzu Baczynski, 18, and two accomplices pleaded guilty to breaking into a pharmacy and stealing goods worth £163 18s 4d. Alan Benjamin Richards, 44, was convicted of stealing £128 while employed at Paparua Prison. Several individuals faced theft and receiving charges, including 40-year-old Ernest William Hammond, fined £25 for receiving stolen cigarettes. A fine of £20 awaited Mervyn Helm McCrae, 52, for stealing a bicycle. Multiple youth offenders were remanded for various charges, such as breaking and entering, assault, and unlawful sexual intercourse involving minors. Notably, a woman charged with shoplifting collapsed in court, drawing attention to her financial struggles. Other cases included a farmer fined for unregistered firearms and another man fined for throwing a bottle in public. While some charges were dismissed based on insufficient evidence, numerous offenders received prison time or fines reflecting the court's determination to address these crimes effectively. Throughout the proceedings, the Magistrate expressed particular frustration regarding repetitive offenders, warning that leniency would diminish in the face of continued criminal behaviour. Overall, the court exemplified a firm stance against theft, indecency in public places, and dishonesty, upholding the law for community safety and morality.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19641030_2_178.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19641030.2.178,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-163252800
6849,04,12,1964,"Magistrate's Covrt False Pretences, Possession Of... (Press, 4 December 1964)","On 4 December 1964, a range of legal cases were discussed in the Magistrate's Court, illustrating various offences including firearms possession, fraud, burglary, and shoplifting. Dennis Patrick John Rogers, a 25-year-old unemployed clerk, pleaded guilty to possessing a loaded .22 rifle without lawful authority and to charges of false pretences regarding a vehicle purchase amounting to £1417. He was found with the rifle after a traffic officer stopped his car, and it was revealed that the vehicle was bought with cheques he knew would bounce. Rogers was remanded on bail to be sentenced on 10 December 1964. Eighteen-year-old Michael Paul Stone, described as a hairdresser, received 18 months of probation for being idle and disorderly while wearing women's clothing. The Magistrate noted his behaviour was influenced by possible personality disorders and ordered him to seek medical treatment. Leslie Frederick Vintiner, a 19-year-old unemployed youth, faced multiple theft charges involving a burglary in Methven where clothing and a cash register were stolen from a shop. After detectives found the stolen goods in his flat, Vintiner admitted to the offences and was remanded on bail for sentencing later that month. Andrew Byrnes, a 45-year-old sales manager, was fined £40 and disqualified from driving for three years after being caught driving under the influence of alcohol. His case exemplified the ongoing issues of impaired driving during that time. Three young men, John Russell Achilles, Maurice Arthur Cumming, and George William Wilson, were convicted of stealing a turkey valued at £4, which they chased down intending to eat for Christmas. Each was fined £3, and the nature of their offence was considered relatively trivial given the circumstances. Several others faced charges ranging from trespassing to theft. For instance, Frederick Edward Cribbett received a fine for trespassing at his mother-in-law’s property while under the influence of alcohol. Furthermore, 67-year-old Stanley Edward Beckett was remanded for stealing a wallet. In a more severe instance, Norman Sinclair, a 42-year-old timber worker with a criminal past of indecent assault, was sentenced to four years in prison due to his record when pleading guilty to similar charges involving a mentally retarded boy. The court also handled cases involving shoplifting, such as that of Marie Ellis Baken, who admitted to stealing goods over the course of several weeks, and Carol Maren Whaitiri, who was fined for theft of children’s clothing and a toothbrush. Overall, the court session showcased a range of criminal activities and the judicial responses to maintain societal order, alongside interventions aimed at rehabilitation for certain offenders.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19641204_2_108.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19641204.2.108,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-160228800
4240,22,12,1964,"S.m. Defends Auckland Prison Administration (Press, 22 December 1964)","A report released on 21 December 1964 by Mr A. A. Coates, S.M., following an inquiry into conditions at Mount Eden prison, Auckland, criticises sensationalist coverage by the Sunday News, labelling it ""irresponsible journalism"". Mr Coates contended that the article exaggerated issues regarding prisoner treatment by prison staff, despite acknowledging the existence of homosexual conduct, bookmaking, illicit brewing, and fighting among inmates. He affirmed the sound administration of the prison and praised the staff for their performance under challenging conditions, noting a lack of serious complaints about the current administration under the present superintendent, who is recommended as capable and efficient. Mr Coates described the prison's overcrowding, structural issues, and inadequacies as factors affecting discipline and control. Nonetheless, he noted that isolated unlawful acts occur, but such behaviour is not condoned by staff, who maintain strict supervision to prevent and address these incidents effectively. The report asserted that any allegations claiming rampant unlawful behaviour within the prison lacked substantiation. On the topic of homosexual conduct, Mr Coates acknowledged that it is expected in a confined male population but maintained that the current superintendent was implementing measures to address this, including placing known homosexuals in separate cells with close supervision. Regarding bookmaking, Coates noted that inmates engage in it as a pastime, with tobacco and chocolate serving as currency, stating that discouraging it could instigate serious unrest. He mentioned that while trafficking among inmates is difficult to control, prison staff conduct regular searches to mitigate this activity. The illicit brewing of alcohol within the prison is a notable issue, with officers actively monitoring and confiscating such brews, despite the cleverness of some inmates in eluding detection. Similarly, fighting is common among inmates as tensions can lead to physical confrontations; however, it was reported that staff typically intervene during such occurrences. While there may have been instances where officers allowed fights to take place among evenly matched individuals, the overall impression was one of prompt intervention. Mr Coates also emphasised that inmates receive adequate medical care and that there was no evidence of delays or inadequacies in medical assistance. Furthermore, regarding the use of force by prison officers, he reported a consensus among witnesses that physical force was not excessively or unlawfully applied, generally being limited to situations requiring restraint or self-defence. In summary, Mr Coates' investigation found that while certain issues exist within Mount Eden prison, the overall administration is competent, and the sensational claims made by the Sunday News were unfounded in significant respects. The report seeks to provide a clearer picture of the prison's realities, counteracting the panic and discontent fostered by misleading journalism.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19641222_2_122.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19641222.2.122,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-158673600
4241,06,02,1965,"Sentences Varied (Press, 6 February 1965)","On 6 February 1965, Mr Justice Wilson of the Supreme Court delivered a ruling regarding two men, Kevin Clarence Sinclair, 23, and Allan Crombie Potts, 37, who had appealed against their sentences for homosexual offences. Both men were previously sentenced to three months’ imprisonment by the Magistrate's Court on 28 January 1965. Sinclair was charged with allowing Potts to perform an indecent act on him on 15 January, while Potts was charged with indecently assaulting Sinclair on the same date. The appeal took place with Mr I. C. J. Polson representing the Crown, while Mr B. J. Drake defended Potts and Mr S. G. Erber represented Sinclair. In allowing the appeals, Mr Justice Wilson acknowledged that both men had pleaded guilty and noted the regrettable prevalence of such offences occurring in Christchurch. He highlighted prior instances where he had dealt with similar cases, including the disturbing lengths offenders would go to, such as altering public facilities that facilitated these acts. While affirming that the nature of the offences warranted a term of imprisonment to underscore the seriousness of the situation and serve as a public deterrent, Mr Justice Wilson recognised that neither appellant had a previous criminal record and both demonstrated good behaviour in their reports. He found it notable that two unrelated men could be involved in such an act of debasement. In light of these factors, the Justice concluded that although imprisonment seemed justifiable due to the nature of the offences and public interest, the appellants’ good character led him to substitute their sentences with fines of £50 each. Before announcing his final decision, Mr Justice Wilson emphasised the need for submissions to be made concerning the appeals.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19650206_2_202.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19650206.2.202,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-154699200
4242,25,02,1965,"Casement’s Bones Sent To Eire (Press, 25 February 1965)","On 24 February 1965, the British government facilitated the long-awaited return of the remains of Sir Roger Casement, an Irish patriot who was executed for high treason 49 years prior. His bones, long buried at Pentonville Prison in London, were exhumed and transported to Dublin, where they will lie in state for four days before being reinterred in Glasnevin Cemetery, a location chosen by his sister in 1925. Sir Roger Casement was originally knighted for his contributions to the British consular service. However, during the First World War, he was arrested and convicted for attempting to garner German support for the 1916 Irish rebellion against British rule. At his trial, it was alleged he encouraged Irish prisoners of war in Germany to form an Irish brigade to resist British forces. Just before his execution, he expressed a desire not to remain in the “dreadful place” where he was hanged, but rather to return to Ireland for a final resting place. In the House of Commons, Prime Minister Harold Wilson announced the successful exhumation and transfer of Casement’s remains, describing it as a resolution to a contentious chapter in UK-Irish relations. However, he clarified that Casement’s controversial “black diaries,” which reportedly indicate his homosexuality, would remain in London. Concerns were raised about the authenticity of these diaries, with some claiming they were forgeries designed to tarnish his reputation during a sensitive time, as the United States remained neutral in the war. Labour MP Emrys Hughes stressed that many Irish citizens suspected the diaries were fraudulent and hoped for their return. In the House of Lords, a Labour peer, Lord Brockway, recalled being imprisoned at Pentonville the night before Casement's execution, sharing a moment of connection with the condemned man. Casement's remains were flown to Dublin on a special Irish Airlines flight, welcomed with a military honour guard and attended by both Irish government ministers and the British ambassador to Ireland. The campaign for the return of Casement’s remains began immediately after his execution in 1916, gathering support from Irish communities worldwide. Dr Herbert Mackey, the current chairman of the Casement Repatriation Committee in Britain, has been leading this effort since 1935. Various British governments had previously rejected the requests for repatriation until this recent decision was made to finally honour Sir Roger Casement’s last wish. His remains are expected to be buried near the O'Connell monument in Glasnevin, with a simple plaque commemorating him.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19650225_2_128.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19650225.2.128,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-153057600
4243,08,03,1965,"Casement’s Diaries (Press, 8 March 1965)","On 7 March 1965 in Dublin, Dr. Herbert Mackey, the chairman of the Casement Repatriation Committee, announced that the remains of Irish patriot Sir Roger Casement were expected to return to Ireland by early September. Dr. Mackey has been a strong advocate for this return and is also involved in a campaign to acquire Casement's controversial ""black diaries,"" which are currently stored at the Public Records Office in London. He clarified that this effort was independent of the Irish Government, stating that while there are ongoing legal actions related to the diaries, they are not formally sanctioned by the government but rather are the result of “free-lance work.” The ""black diaries"" are notable for containing passages suggesting that Sir Roger Casement was homosexual, a detail that has sparked considerable debate and controversy. Many Irish citizens are sceptical about the authenticity of these documents, with some believing that the passages could have been forged. The case of Sir Roger Casement remains a significant topic in discussions around Irish identity and history.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19650308_2_182_2.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19650308.2.182.2,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-152107200
4244,11,03,1965,"Four Magazines Held Indecent (Press, 11 March 1965)","On 11 March 1965, the Indecent Publications Tribunal in Wellington banned four magazines for promoting homosexuality, which was considered a criminal offence in New Zealand at the time. The magazines affected were ""Physique Pictorial,"" ""Modern Adonis,"" ""Male Classics,"" and ""Male Classics Annual."" The tribunal asserted that these publications were designed to attract or encourage homosexual behaviour, leading them to be deemed indecent under the relevant statute. The action arose after the Comptroller of Customs had detained copies of these magazines, consigning them to a Wellington bookshop, and initiated legal proceedings to determine their indecency under the Customs Act. Evidence presented to the tribunal indicated that the magazines featured male poses, letterpress, and advertisements intended to attract homosexual individuals. There were also claims that the magazines were frequently found in the possession of known homosexuals and had been used to entice younger men into homosexual activities. The tribunal noted that most customers for the magazines were males aged between 25 and 55, who had not previously been involved in legal issues. Despite the bookshop owner asserting ignorance of the magazines' character and stating that none of his staff had raised any concerns, the tribunal concluded that four of the five magazines did not conform to societal standards of decency. In a contrasting ruling, the tribunal approved another publication, ""Tomorrow’s Man,"" which it deemed primarily focused on body building and did not exhibit characteristics similar to the banned magazines. The tribunal also stated that their decision would apply to future issues of the four banned magazines unless significant modifications were made to their content. In addition to these rulings, the tribunal reviewed Mickey Spillane’s novel ""The Snake,"" which had been referred to them by the importer with the Minister of Justice's consent. They concluded that it was not indecent, characterising it as a light-weight thriller filled with action, fighting, and some sexual content. The tribunal maintained that while some incidents in the book were improbable, it adhered to ordinary standards of decency and would not deprave readers or harm public welfare.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19650311_2_24.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19650311.2.24,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-151848000
4245,18,03,1965,"Casement Diaries (Press, 18 March 1965)","On 17 March 1965, British Prime Minister Harold Wilson stated that the controversial diaries of Sir Roger Casement would remain in Britain, despite calls for their return to Ireland. Sir Roger Casement, an Irish patriot, was executed by the British in 1916, and his diaries are reported to contain evidence of his homosexuality during his time as a consular official in South America. During a discussion in the House of Commons, Labour MP Hector Hughes advocated for the return of Casement's documents to Eire, similar to the recent repatriation of his remains. However, Wilson cited the Public Records Act, explaining that records could only be released if they were duplicated in other preserved public records or if there was a compelling reason against permanent preservation. Wilson observed that neither of these conditions applied to Casement's diaries. The diaries have sparked controversy, with many Irish individuals asserting that they are forgeries intended to tarnish Casement's reputation, particularly during a sensitive period in World War I when the United States maintained its neutrality. There were concerns that Casement's treason trial could negatively impact Irish-American sentiments.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19650318_2_131.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19650318.2.131,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-151243200
4246,27,03,1965,"Women Jurors Will There Be More Verdicts Of... (Press, 27 March 1965)","For the first time, women served in significant numbers on juries at the Supreme Court in Christchurch during a recent criminal session, resulting in a notable spike in the conviction rate. Women constituted 26 per cent of jurors across 20 trials, contributing to an overall conviction rate of 88 per cent, a stark contrast to the average of 53 per cent observed in previous years (1960-1964). However, experts caution against drawing definitive conclusions about the impact of women jurors solely based on this session, as it will require several years of female participation to accurately gauge their influence on jury decisions. Within the six-week session, a total of 465 jurors were summoned, with women making up 32 per cent of that number. Out of 240 jurors who served, 64 were women, and there were only two all-male juries. Several trials saw defence counsel challenge multiple women jurors; in some cases, as many as nine women were challenged. This trend indicates a wariness among barristers concerning the potential influence of female jurors during trials. Moving forward, the upcoming civil session commencing on 29 March 1965 will maintain a similar inclusivity of women in juries, with at least 25 per cent expected to serve. During the last year, criminal sessions at the court had varied conviction rates, including a troubling case involving six youths acquitted of manslaughter, which sparked significant public outcry and led to efforts to improve the presentation and preparation of indictments by the prosecuting authorities. Additionally, evaluations from other cities revealed mixed effects of female jurors on conviction rates. In Dunedin, one accused was found guilty with one woman on the jury, while another was acquitted with four women serving. In Auckland, approximately 22 per cent of summoned jurors were women, yet this constituted a lower number who actually served. Wellington's session displayed a mixed result as well, showing a 60 percent conviction rate, a decline from previous averages. Overall, the participation of women on juries is engaging interest among various authorities, including the Justice, Police, and Prisons Departments, as well as legal practitioners. There is a prevailing belief that the presence of women jurors may lead to a less lenient attitude towards crime, although further research and time are needed to substantiate these notions.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19650327_2_122.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19650327.2.122,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-150465600
4247,03,04,1965,"Sargeson’s Writing “more Important” (Press, 3 April 1965)","On April 1, 1965, the New Zealand author Frank Sargeson was acknowledged for his significant contributions to literature in a feature by Geoffrey Moorhouse in the ""Guardian."" The focus of the article was on Sargeson's recently published ""Collected Stories"" in Britain and how his work laid a foundational base for New Zealand literature over the past decade. Moorhouse highlighted that prior to Sargeson’s emergence in the mid-1930s, New Zealand lacked a distinct literary identity and was largely influenced by English perspectives. Many New Zealand writers seemed to view their country through the lens of British tradition, which limited their creative expression. Sargeson’s achievement was breaking away from this paradigm and beginning to outline a unique literary voice for New Zealand. The influence of Katherine Mansfield, a renowned writer who had shaped New Zealand’s literary identity, was also discussed. Moorhouse suggested that while her international reputation had been acknowledged, it created a discouraging environment for local writers who felt overshadowed by her legacy. In contrast to those who sought recognition overseas, Sargeson remained in New Zealand and wrote from a local perspective, establishing himself as a genuine New Zealand author rather than a product of emigration. Moorhouse expressed disappointment that publishers had omitted Dr. W. H. Pearson's introduction from the New Zealand edition of Sargeson’s stories, which provided important context regarding Sargeson's significance. Although the collection features 40 stories, some of which were quite brief, Moorhouse noted that the long story ""That Summer"" stood out for its depth, effectively exploring complex themes such as relationships and mateship in a daring manner for the era. Moorhouse concluded that while Sargeson's work may feel somewhat dated now, he would likely never achieve the international acclaim that some might expect. However, Moorhouse respected that Sargeson might not have ever sought such recognition. At the time of publication, Sargeson was 62 years old, hailing from Hamilton, and residing in Auckland.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19650403_2_241.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19650403.2.241,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-149860800
4248,19,04,1965,"Students To Unite In Airing Grievances (Press, 19 April 1965)","At the Easter conference in Christchurch, held over the weekend of 19 April 1965, the council of the New Zealand University Students’ Association decided on the necessity of presenting a united front to address student grievances. The council resolved to set priorities and organise national petitions to effectively represent students' interests. This decision stemmed from remarks made by delegate Mr A. Taylor from Victoria University, who highlighted the support received from the watersiders' union for students in their fight for educational freedom. He claimed that they had already accomplished the boycott’s objectives and intended to maintain public awareness on these issues. Mr Taylor expressed concerns that the lack of consensus among universities regarding priorities left them vulnerable to government criticism and highlighted the association's failures to adequately advocate for student bursaries, stating they should have represented universities in a more unified manner. The council discussed potential strategies for advocacy, which included holding a seminar to refresh the Parry report, possibly setting up a conference focused on educational development, and applying continuous pressure on the government for progress. In addition to educational issues, the council adopted resolutions on other social matters. They advocated for the decriminalisation of abortion, suggesting it should be treated as a normal surgical procedure rather than an illegal act. They also called for the legalisation of homosexual acts between consenting adult males in private. The council recommended extending public bar closing times to 10 p.m. Concerns regarding the preservation of prehistoric Maori sites were raised, with the council deciding to urge the government to ensure that construction projects, particularly in sites like Turangi and along the Wanganui river, incorporated archaeological considerations. They recommended employing professional archaeologists to adequately investigate threatened sites before any construction commenced. The council showed support for initiatives by the New Zealand Archaeological Association and the New Zealand Historic Places Trust to identify important sites for preservation. Several remits passed at the conference were informed by discussions from a recent students’ congress at Curious Cove. Notably, the council also decided to separate the New Zealand universities' winter tournament from the arts festival, with plans for the arts festival to occur in the first week of the August holidays, starting in 1966. Proposed venues for future events include Otago and Victoria for the winter tournament and Massey and Canterbury for the arts festival, with Auckland scheduling for the winter tournament as well. Overall, this conference signified a proactive approach by the students’ association in tackling various pertinent issues facing students and advocating for social change within New Zealand society.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19650419_2_11.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19650419.2.11,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-148478400
4249,26,04,1965,"Charges Against Professor (Press, 26 April 1965)","On 25 April 1965, a prominent surgeon and university professor from Buenos Aires, Dr. Francisco de Fazio, was taken before a judge for questioning regarding serious allegations of medical malpractice. Dr. de Fazio, who practices privately and is the president of the University of Moron as well as a professor of surgery at the University of Buenos Aires, is accused of castrating a man and altering his appearance to resemble that of a woman. He has been charged with “grievous bodily harm and corruption.” The case came to light following a local judge's rejection of a request for a name change from a homosexual individual, Mauro Fernando Vega, who had claimed to have undergone gender reassignment. Pathologists testified that 40-year-old Vega was, in fact, a castrated man who had been given a woman's appearance through plastic surgery and other artificial means. This surgical procedure was reportedly performed in 1958, and Vega first submitted his name change request in 1962. The investigation revealed that the operation had been conducted by Dr. de Fazio, linking him directly to the case. Details concerning his arrest remain sparse, as law enforcement and court officials have not disclosed further information. However, it has been confirmed that Dr. de Fazio is currently being held incommunicado, and a judge responsible for cases involving statutory minors has taken charge of the proceedings. Reports also indicate that there are an additional four charges against Dr. de Fazio involving minors.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19650426_2_155.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19650426.2.155,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-147873600
4250,07,05,1965,"Alcohol And Mental Illness (Press, 7 May 1965)","In a presentation on 6 May 1965, Dr. D. M. F. McDonald, a senior psychiatrist at Porirua Hospital and visiting psychiatrist at Wellington Hospital, highlighted the significant impact of alcoholism on mental health in the Wellington area. Speaking at the annual meeting of the National Society on Alcoholism of New Zealand, he reported that one-third of all mental illness cases among males he had treated were linked to alcoholism. Over the past year, Dr. McDonald had worked with roughly 600 male patients, with 30 percent of these cases primarily involving alcoholism. Dr. McDonald pointed to New Zealand's cultural norms, which celebrate male drinking culture, as a contributing factor to alcoholism, especially among adolescents. He suggested that New Zealand’s relatively comfortable living conditions have left individuals with excessive leisure time, leading to boredom and a sense of meaninglessness. Many seek excitement through alcohol, which historically has served as a quick form of tranquilliser, providing a temporary escape from depression. He also expressed concern over the growing prevalence of alcoholism in affluent societies, noting it is one of the most challenging conditions to treat and is becoming increasingly significant in socially advanced countries like New Zealand. Despite the challenges, Dr. McDonald described the typical New Zealand alcoholic as an intelligent and charming individual with a strong drive for creativity. However, many struggle with feelings of despair while drinking, as alcohol becomes a substitute for other appetites and desires such as food, love, and creativity. In his treatment approach, Dr. McDonald emphasised the importance of collaboration with Alcoholics Anonymous, while also addressing the need for vitamins and tranquilliser drugs, especially during withdrawal. He noted that patients often responded quickly to treatment but highlighted that many were only partially convinced of their alcoholism, making behavioural change challenging. Towards the end of his address, Dr. McDonald cautioned against proposed legislation in Parliament that would enforce compulsory treatment for alcoholics. While he acknowledged the serious social implications of alcoholism, he cautioned that such measures might create further issues in treatment, emphasising the necessity of a willing partnership between patients and healthcare providers. His recommendations were rooted in a compassionate understanding of the complexities surrounding alcoholism and its treatment.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19650507_2_171.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19650507.2.171,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-146923200
4251,12,05,1965,"Adoption Of Wolfenden Proposals Urged (Press, 12 May 1965)","On 11 May 1965, five bishops along with three other members of the House of Lords urged the British Government to reform laws regarding private homosexual acts between consenting adults. Their request came through a letter to ""The Times,"" highlighting prior recommendations made by the Wolfenden committee in 1957. This committee, which comprised 15 members, including lawyers, doctors, clerics, and prominent figures such as Sir John Wolfenden, conducted a detailed three-year study advocating for a change in existing laws that prohibited homosexual acts in both public and private settings. The Wolfenden committee's position was that laws should not intrude in the private lives of individuals, and their report reflected a significant shift in societal attitudes towards homosexuality. The bishops from various dioceses, including Birmingham, Bristol, Exeter, London, and St. Albans, along with Lords Devlin, Brain, and Robbins, noted that a substantial majority of national newspapers had consistently supported these reforms. Furthermore, political backing came from the Liberal Party Council, along with support from individuals and factions within both the Labour and Conservative parties. The signatories of the letter pointed out that many British churches, numerous humanists, penal reform advocates, experts in criminology, judges, and various health professionals had also voiced their support for the proposed legislative change. They expressed hope that the Government would now acknowledge the pressing need for reform and take action to introduce relevant legislation. On the following day, a resolution to bring attention to the Wolfenden committee's recommendations was expected to be put forth in the House of Lords by the Earl of Arran, marking a potential step forward in the ongoing discussion around the legal status of private homosexual behaviour in the UK.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19650512_2_134.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19650512.2.134,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-146491200
4252,17,05,1965,"Wolfenden Debate (Press, 17 May 1965)","On 12 May 1965, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Michael Ramsey, advocated for the legalisation of homosexual practices between consenting adult males during a debate in the House of Lords. He emphasised that while he believes homosexual acts, like fornication, are inherently wrong, there are varying degrees of culpability associated with these actions. Dr. Ramsey argued that the rationale for changing the law regarding sexual conduct between consenting adults in private is based on principles of reason and justice. His comments came in light of the recommendations from the Wolfenden Committee, which was established by the government to examine issues related to vice. The committee proposed several reforms to existing laws, suggesting that the legal restrictions on homosexual acts should be relaxed. They noted that under the current legal framework, individuals who identify as homosexual often face the threat of blackmail, which underscores the need for legal reform. In other news from Lyttelton, a 26-year-old seaman named Albert Clarence McMillan was fined £5 for using obscene language, as dealt with by Justices of the Peace D. Loader and R. H. Duff.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19650517_2_94.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19650517.2.94,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-146059200
4253,19,05,1965,"Homosexual Law Change Supported (Press, 19 May 1965)","On 18 May 1965, the Bishop of Auckland, the Rt. Rev. E. A. Gowing, voiced his support for the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Michael Ramsey, who had recently argued in the House of Lords for a reevaluation of the laws concerning homosexual acts between consenting adults in private. Bishop Gowing highlighted that the Archbishop maintained a belief that homosexual acts are inherently wrong, but he suggested that criminalising such acts may not be the most effective response to what he termed “transgressions of the law of God.” Bishop Gowing reiterated that Dr. Ramsey and his supporters felt that making consensual homosexual acts illegal was not a constructive solution. He cited a report from the Church of England Moral Welfare Council released in 1956, which had also examined the issue of laws regarding homosexuality. The report offered several reasons against criminalising homosexual acts between consenting adults. It pointed out inconsistencies in the law by noting that fornication and adultery are not subject to criminal penalties, thereby questioning the rationale for treating homosexuality as a criminal offence. Furthermore, Bishop Gowing remarked on the detrimental effects of the existing laws, stating that they were linked to increased rates of suicide and created vulnerabilities for individuals, who could be subjected to blackmail due to their sexual orientation. This statement from Bishop Gowing reflects a broader conversation within the church and society regarding the legal treatment of homosexuality and highlights a progressive stance emerging among some church leaders during a period when attitudes toward homosexuality were beginning to shift.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19650519_2_5.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19650519.2.5,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-145886400
4254,28,05,1965,"U.k. Morals Bill (Press, 28 May 1965)","On 27 May 1965, the House of Commons in Britain rejected a proposal aimed at legalising homosexual practices in private between consenting adults. Labour Member Mr Leo Abse put forward a private Bill to reform an antiquated law on homosexuality that had been in place for 600 years. However, the proposal faced a significant setback as it was defeated by a vote of 178 to 159. This decision means that the likelihood of the Bill becoming law in that parliamentary session has diminished considerably. The previous week, the House of Lords had agreed in principle to a similar Bill, which raised Mr Abse's hopes that the tide was turning in favour of reform. He expressed that the House of Lords' earlier vote signified a critical moment in the campaign for legal reform, suggesting that the existing criminal code, which is widely opposed by informed opinion, could not be maintained indefinitely. Opposition to the Bill was voiced by Conservative M.P. Sir Cyril Osborne, who argued that legalising homosexuality would be contrary to the public interest. He claimed that in recent security controversies, traitors and spies had predominantly been homosexuals, an assertion that reflects the prevailing social prejudices of the time. The outcome of the House of Commons vote highlights the significant social and political obstacles that proponents of reform faced in the 1960s, despite some momentum gained in the House of Lords. With the defeat of the Bill, the campaign for legalising homosexual acts between consenting adults encountered a daunting challenge in the political landscape of Britain, prolonging the uncertainty surrounding homosexual rights.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19650528_2_122.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19650528.2.122,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-145108800
4255,08,06,1965,"""Homosexual Influence In Fashion Designing"" (Press, 8 June 1965)","Miss Avice Bowbyes, a lecturer in clothing and costume design at the Home Economics College, University of Guelph, Ontario, expressed concerns regarding the current influence of homosexual designers on fashion. Speaking in Christchurch on 8 June 1965, she claimed that this influence tends to mock the female figure, citing examples such as topless swimsuits, tight trousers, and very short skirts. Bowbyes remarked that when a civil society is unwell, its ailments manifest in the arts, suggesting that the prevalence of homosexual perspectives in fashion contributes to its issues. She noted that many French women with discerning taste were also displeased with the recent trends in fashion, especially the American focus on sexualised styles. Bowbyes highlighted that skirts above the knee disrupted the proportions and balance of women's silhouettes. She avoided predicting a return to longer skirts but expressed a desire for women to assert their preferences for sensible fashion choices. Bowbyes elaborated on the role of fashion journalists, stating that their selections from fashion collections often prioritise the bizarre to generate news. She referenced moments of shock, like pictures of Paris mannequins with shaved heads, which gained initial attention but ultimately faded in impact. Despite this, it was the extreme fashions that were spotlighted by reporters lacking a firm grasp of true fashion principles. With a background in fashion, Bowbyes followed a traditional path: attending Christchurch Girls' High School, obtaining a diploma from the University of Otago, and later post-graduate degrees at Columbia University, New York. Her career included time as head of the clothing department in Dunedin, and she is currently engaged in teaching clothing and costume design at Guelph. Bowbyes will continue her work at the University of Guelph, which is undergoing significant expansion to accommodate a growing student body, aiming to increase from 33 to 70 buildings by 1970 and anticipating an enrolment of 6,000 students, eventually reaching 15,000 within a decade. Additionally, she mentioned that notable individuals from Christchurch, such as Dr. Kevin O’Connor and Dr. Rex Barrell, had also taken significant positions at the university.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19650608_2_23.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19650608.2.23,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-144158400
4256,19,07,1965,"Homosexual Acts (Press, 19 July 1965)","On 18 July 1965, the House of Lords in the United Kingdom made a significant amendment to a private bill aimed at legalising homosexual acts in private among consenting adults. The amendment explicitly excluded members of the armed forces from the protections offered by the bill, meaning that they could still face court-martial for charges of gross indecency. This change was made in response to concerns raised by Viscount Montgomery, who argued that legalising such acts for military personnel could negatively impact discipline within the forces. The revised bill reflects ongoing societal debates surrounding homosexuality and the legal treatment of such relationships at the time.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19650719_2_151.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19650719.2.151,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-140616000
6553,31,07,1965,"Court Scandals (Press, 31 July 1965)","The book ""Count Grammont at the Court of Charles II,"" translated and edited by Nicholas Deakin, presents a narrative based on the memoirs of Anthony Hamilton, the brother-in-law of the Count. These memoirs, originally in French, provide a ""chroniques scandaleuse"" view into the notorious court life during Charles II's reign, which is well-known for its royal escapades, particularly those related to dalliances with women. However, readers seeking fresh insights into this heavily documented era may find themselves disappointed. The memoirs touch upon notable characters, such as Francis Stuart, who journeyed from France with hopes of captivating the King. Her efforts seem to have been founded on maintaining her virtue against Charles's relentless advances. After marrying the Duke of Richmond, she is quoted to have exhibited even more agreeable behaviour post-marriage—a testament to her cunning and complexity beyond Hamilton's portrayal. The narrative explores the lack of restraint at court, especially regarding the Maids of Honour, who were often subject to the advances of their superiors' husbands, with some remarkably resisting those advances. Count Grammont, once exiled by Louis XIV due to his romantic pursuits, eventually married Elizabeth Hamilton, although he reverted to his old ways shortly after their return to France. The book includes various scandalous anecdotes, though few hold significant weight. One interesting figure mentioned is Miss Hobart, a Maid of Honour, known for being the only lesbian in the otherwise heterosexual court environment, leading to potentially awkward situations. The author juxtaposes the frivolity of court life with the serious and sympathetic portrayal of Charles II's Queen, who endeavoured to accommodate her husband's numerous infidelities to maintain their relationship. Despite her efforts, the text suggests that her lack of beauty and wit compared to Charles's various mistresses ultimately doomed any hope for his fidelity. Spanning only two years (1661-1663) during a less eventful period of Charles II’s reign, the book offers character sketches of significant figures such as Lord Arlington and Lord Clarendon, providing context beyond mere scandal. The biographical notes included at the end enhance the understanding of key personalities of the time. In summary, while the book may not reveal groundbreaking information about Charles II's court, it does offer a compilation of entertaining and scandalous anecdotes, alongside glimpses into the lives of its prominent players, all framed within the context of the cultural and social norms of the mid-seventeenth century.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19650731_2_43.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19650731.2.43,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-139579200
7418,14,08,1965,"Two Innocents Abroad (Press, 14 August 1965)","In the book ""We Never Meant to Go So Far"" by Mavis Ronson, published in 1965, the author recounts the adventurous journey of two 19-year-old girls from London who embarked on what was initially intended to be a short holiday in 1955. Unexpectedly, their trip extended over five years, during which they explored nearly every country and significant island across both the Near and Far East. As the girls travelled, they evolved from naïve tourists into seasoned Foreign Correspondents, yet they maintained a sense of optimistic innocence that served them well throughout their travels. Their exploits included investigating the opium trade in the Shan States, despite the activity being strictly forbidden, demonstrating their audacity and determination. They faced real danger, finding themselves caught in an ambush in Indonesia and amidst riots in Calcutta. The narrative is filled with vivid accounts of their encounters with prominent political figures, such as Chou En-Lai, Nehru, the Dalai Lama, and President Sukarno, often finding themselves in close proximity to these influential leaders during significant events. The girls’ adventures are accompanied by a collection of 24 photographs taken by the author, enriching the story with a visual element. The book, comprising 160 pages, offers a spirited and fresh perspective on their extraordinary journey and the diverse experiences that shaped them during their five years abroad. It is available for purchase at the Presbyterian Book Shop in Christchurch for a price of 31 shillings, with an additional postage charge of 9 pence.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19650814_2_71.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19650814.2.71,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-138369600
4257,06,11,1965,"An Underworld From Within (Press, 6 November 1965)","The Thief Journal, authored by Jean Genet and reviewed by Anthony Bond, offers an insightful glimpse into the life of a man who identifies as both a thief and a homosexual. Initially published in France in 1949, the work immerses readers in a distinctive and vibrant world populated by thieves, sex workers, beggars, and homosexuals, presenting a reality that is both larger than life and laden with significance. Jean Genet was born in Paris in 1910 as an illegitimate child and spent some of his early years under the care of the national agency for foundlings, ""Assistance Publique."" His journey into criminality began at the tender age of 10 when he was placed in a reformatory for theft. Over the next three decades, Genet traversed the criminal and homosexual underbelly of Europe, accumulating a series of prison sentences across various countries due to his persistent engagement in theft, culminating in ten convictions in France alone. His severe sentence of life imprisonment was notably abated after appeals by prominent French artists and writers, leading to a pardon from President Auriol. He now lives a life marked by periods of freedom, although he remains tied to his past. In his journal, Genet delves into themes of betrayal, theft, and homosexuality, presenting a narrative that might clash with conventional morals and standards. However, rather than merely recounting his experiences, he elevates the context of his existence into an art form, crafting a love letter to a lifestyle that is often marginalized or condemned. Through his eyes, the underworld is transformed from a space of grimness and despair into one of profound beauty and meaning. Bond notes that while the work may not resonate with those holding conservative or conventional views, it challenges readers to reconsider their perceptions of the world. The squalor that appears bleak from an external viewpoint refracts into a varied tapestry of life when seen from Genet's lens. Ultimately, The Thief Journal becomes a celebration of a culture that, while unconventional, is rich in emotion, lyricism, and depth.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19651106_2_57.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19651106.2.57,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-131112000
4258,12,11,1965,"Homosexuality Bill (Press, 12 November 1965)","On 11 November 1965, the Earl of Arran renewed efforts to legalise homosexual acts between consenting adult males in private within the UK Parliament. His previous initiative had successfully passed through the House of Lords the previous month, but due to time constraints, it could not be submitted to the House of Commons before the end of the session, resulting in the bill being automatically dismissed. The Earl's latest attempt reflects an ongoing campaign for reform in laws related to homosexuality.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19651112_2_134.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19651112.2.134,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-130593600
4259,08,12,1965,"Grimond Supports Homosexuality Bill (Press, 8 December 1965)","On 6 December 1965, it was reported that Mr Jo Grimond, leader of the Liberal Party, would sponsor a private member’s bill in the House of Commons aimed at changing laws regarding homosexuality. This initiative follows the recommendations set out in the Wolfenden report, which suggested that homosexual behaviour between consenting adults should no longer be criminalised. The bill, introduced by Mr William Berkeley, is scheduled for its second reading on 11 February 1966. Mr Grimond is supporting this bill in his personal capacity rather than as an official representative of his party. His endorsement adds to a list of notable signatories, which includes three former government ministers and three members aligned with Mr Edward Heath’s front-bench team on the Opposition side. Prior to this, a similar proposal had been presented by Mr Leo Abse in May 1965 but was defeated by a narrow margin of 19 votes. Abse's initiative had garnered 178 votes against 159 in its bid for approval. Another bill concerning homosexuality, introduced by Lord Arran, had passed through the House of Lords but was rendered inactive when the new session began, as it had not been approved by both Houses of Parliament. Lord Arran is expected to await the results of the upcoming Commons debate on Grimond’s bill before proceeding with another attempt to amend the law.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19651208_2_81.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19651208.2.81,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-128347200
4260,18,12,1965,"Hans Christian Andersen (Press, 18 December 1965)","The biography ""The Wil* Swan"" by Monica Stirling focuses on the life of Hans Christian Andersen, the renowned Danish author who died in 1875 at the age of 70. The author highlights Andersen's lasting legacy, noting that even a century after his death, his grave is constantly adorned with flowers, his stories remain in print, his childhood home in Odense attracts numerous visitors, and children worldwide continue to discover his works. Stirling paints a vivid picture of Andersen's early life, which was marked by poverty and a troubled family background. Born to parents who faced the stigma of illegitimacy, Andersen's upbringing was further complicated by his father's near madness and his obsession with Napoleon. From a young age, Andersen displayed signs of artistic ambition, yearning for a career on stage despite the limited prospects for someone of his social standing. At 14, he moved to Copenhagen to pursue his dreams. Andersen initially struggled to survive but eventually garnered the support of Jonas Collin, a civil servant who took an interest in him and persuaded King Frederik VI to sponsor Andersen’s education. Despite enduring harsh treatment from his schoolmaster, Andersen's fortunes began to change as he entered Copenhagen University and published his first book of poetry in 1830. Andersen's literary career blossomed, producing an impressive body of work that included poems, plays, novels, and eventually, fairy tales—his most notable contributions, although they were not immediately recognised for their value in Denmark. Throughout his life, Andersen experienced unrequited love for four women, with his affection for Jenny Lind, the famed Swedish singer, being particularly significant. However, his reticence and unconventional appearance hampered his romantic aspirations. The book delves into Andersen’s interactions with various prominent figures of his time, including the Grimm brothers and Charles Dickens, highlighting the impact these relationships had on his life and work. Stirling's biography also provides insight into Andersen's struggles with his mental health and the enduring shadows of his past, culminating in a profound acknowledgment of Andersen's influence as a revered national figure in Denmark. Ultimately, it showcases how he overcame personal challenges and societal obstacles, affirming that his creative legacy will endure long into the future.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19651218_2_33_8.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19651218.2.33.8,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-127483200
6850,01,02,1966,"No Offence For Man To Dress As Woman (Press, 1 February 1966)","On 31 January 1966, New Zealand law was discussed in relation to male cross-dressing following a case involving Trevor David Rupe, a 29-year-old female impersonator. Rupe, who was performing at a night-club, was charged with behaving in an offensive manner for wearing a black frock, black silk stockings, and high-heeled shoes while standing outside the club. After accepting a lift from a visitor to Auckland, the police stopped the car due to an illegal turn. It was during this encounter that the police recognised Rupe and informed the driver that his companion was male, leading to the latter's shock. During the hearing, Mr F. McCarthy, S.M., stated that New Zealand law does not prohibit men from wearing female clothing. He delivered this statement while dismissing the charges against Rupe. McCarthy noted that after thorough research, he found no legal grounds to declare that it was unlawful for males to dress in female attire, provided the individual did not do so with criminal intent or disguised themselves unlawfully at night. The Magistrate further explained that for Rupe to be convicted, it must be proven that his actions were deliberately intended to provoke resentment or disgust among the general public. He pointed out that Rupe could have reasonably believed that the driver, as a potential patron of the nightclub, might have recognised him as a performer. Therefore, McCarthy decided to give Rupe the benefit of the doubt and dismissed the case. This judgment highlighted an emerging conversation about gender identity and dress in New Zealand society.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19660201_2_81.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19660201.2.81,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-123595200
4261,02,02,1966,"Legality Opposed (Press, 2 February 1966)","On 1 February 1966, in a Supreme Court session in Auckland, Mr Justice Hardie Boys addressed the issue of homosexual acts between consenting adult males during discussions about recent criminal indictments. He noted that out of 23 indictments presented that day, six were related to alleged homosexual offences. Justice Hardie Boys strongly expressed his belief that the argument for legalising such acts on the basis that they are personal matters is misguided. He pointed out that if these charges are upheld, the individuals involved are not only harming themselves but also potentially victimising younger individuals, as the ages of those affected ranged from 13 to 17 years old, with one case involving an adult. His comments suggested a significant concern regarding the prevalence of these offences in certain areas of the city, labelled as ""hunting grounds"" for offenders. He cautioned parents of teenagers to be vigilant and to prevent their children from visiting these locations.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19660202_2_43.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19660202.2.43,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-123508800
4262,09,02,1966,"Homosexual Law Reform Plea (Press, 9 February 1966)","On 8 February 1966, five hundred influential figures from Britain, including church leaders, submitted a petition to Prime Minister Harold Wilson, advocating for the reform of laws governing homosexual behaviour in the country. This petition was initiated by the Homosexual Law Reform Society and called for the prompt enactment of recommendations made by the Wolfenden Committee in September 1957, which suggested that consensual homosexual acts between adults should no longer be considered a criminal offence. The timing of the petition was significant as it came just four days before a scheduled debate in the House of Commons on a proposed all-party bill intended to legalise homosexual acts between consenting adults. A similar bill had previously been advanced in the House of Lords by the Earl of Arran but was rendered ineffective when the session concluded before it could be brought before the Commons. Notable signatories of the petition included 31 clergymen, among them the Archbishop of York, as well as former British Prime Minister Earl Attlee and celebrated novelist Graham Greene. This movement reflected a growing public and political will to reform laws viewed as outdated and discriminatory towards homosexuals.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19660209_2_130.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19660209.2.130,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-122904000
4263,05,03,1966,"Man For Trial On Attempted Murder Charge (Press, 5 March 1966)","The hearing for a charge of attempted murder against Keith Charles Johns, 23, chief steward of the Wellington vessel Durango, resumed in the Magistrate's Court on 4 March 1966. Johns is accused of shooting 20-year-old Anthony Thomas McGuire, an assistant steward, in the stomach in a cabin on board the ship early on 4 February 1966, shortly after the vessel left Wellington for Panama. Johns has pleaded not guilty and is set to be tried in the Supreme Court, with Mr M. A. Bungay representing him and Detective Inspector K. J. Hamilton prosecuting. During the hearing, McGuire provided a detailed account of the events leading up to the shooting. He stated that after dinner on 3 February, he spent time on deck before returning to his cabin with his room-mate, Eddie Grahams, where they had coffee and went to bed around 11 p.m. McGuire clarified that he had not been drinking that evening. He was later awakened by Johns, who invited him to join him for a drink in his cabin, which McGuire accepted, feeling uncertain at first. Once inside the cabin, McGuire noticed another crew member, Forester, asleep in bed. Johns woke Forester and instructed him to leave before opening two cans of beer. Throughout this time, Johns remained restless, repeatedly exiting and shutting the door. McGuire claimed that Johns complimented him but also made remarks about other stewards. As McGuire was getting up from the chair, Johns unexpectedly shot him. He described the incident as so sudden that he hardly realised what had happened. Following the shooting, McGuire fell to his knees from the pain, and Forester assisted him by moving him to a different cabin to avoid making a mess on the couch. McGuire recalled overhearing Forester discussing creating a false narrative that he had attacked them during a card game. He also mentioned seeing something in Johns' belt, which he thought might have been a starter's pistol. In cross-examination, McGuire revealed that Johns had previously aided him in difficult situations and denied any reasons Johns might have had for shooting him, defending his sexual orientation by stating he was engaged to a young lady in America. He also indicated that Johns had been reprimanding him for being late to work. During the proceedings, Sergeant James Stuart Cromie, a ballistics officer, testified that the ammunition found in the cabin matched test shells from Johns' pistol. The bullet that struck McGuire was later discovered lodged in a birthday cake and was identified to be identical to test bullets fired from the same weapon. Dr. Leo James Walker, a visiting surgeon at Wellington Hospital, elaborated on McGuire's injuries, which included severe internal bleeding due to a puncture wound and damage to his intestines and a major vein. Following surgery and a blood transfusion, McGuire made a recovery, although the bullet remained in his pelvis due to the risks associated with its removal.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19660305_2_32.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19660305.2.32,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-120830400
4264,30,03,1966,"Prison ‘‘worst Possible Place” For... (Press, 30 March 1966)","The Rev. M. Durning, addressing the Christchurch Toastmasters’ Club, expressed his belief that sending homosexuals to prison is detrimental to their rehabilitation. Durning, a teacher at St. Bede’s College and a former chaplain with over a decade of service in New Zealand prisons, stated that a “half-way house” is essential for rehabilitating homosexual offenders. His experience as a chaplain, particularly at Witako Prison for first offenders, led him to conclude that the majority of those incarcerated for homosexual behaviour are psychological misfits rather than biologically predisposed individuals. He asserted that 80 per cent of homosexuals might be affected by their relationships with their mothers and noted that some of history's most influential figures were homosexuals. Durning argued that a homosexual person is unlikely to change their orientation; instead, they must focus on personal discipline and self-control to successfully integrate into society. He highlighted the challenges these individuals face, especially in a male-dominated prison environment, which could exacerbate their difficulties. Durning urged the Toastmasters’ members to offer support and charity to rehabilitate former prisoners, as many become bitter and disillusioned after their release. He pointed out that society often neglects the struggles of these individuals, making it imperative for communities to provide encouragement and friendship to prevent recidivism. He also remarked on the often-misunderstood plight of borstal boys, noting that a lack of love and understanding frequently contributes to their situations. Durning believed that the potential of today’s youth should inspire hope and respect for their inherent worth. Having encountered a wide range of prisoners during his time as a chaplain, he noted their diversity in intelligence and behaviour, finding commonality in their humanity. Durning recalled a positive experience with a prison debating team, which showcased the inmates' intellectual capacity, indicating that even those in prison possess talents and abilities that can be nurtured.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19660330_2_175.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19660330.2.175,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-118670400
4265,02,04,1966,"Problem People (Press, 2 April 1966)","The review discusses two books, ""Murderers Sane and Mad"" by Miriam Allen de Ford and ""Heart Disease and Common Sense"" by Rex Townley. ""Murderers Sane and Mad,"" published by Abelard Schuman, delves into the psychology of murderers, analysing various cases, including the notorious murders committed by Leopold and Loeb in 1924 and John Christie in London. Allen de Ford maintains an objective stance while exploring how trivialised human conditions can lead ordinary individuals to commit horrific acts. The author highlights that many of these murders can be linked to the failings of negligent or uneducated parents. For instance, Hjalmar Groneman murdered his elderly wife for financial reasons, while the case of Roman Rodriguez illustrates a murder stemming from vanity and societal pressures. He violently killed an ugly friend of his girlfriend after feeling affronted by her advances. Leopold and Loeb, from affluent backgrounds, are portrayed as products of their environment, with their relationship leading them to mastermind the murder of a schoolboy, a crime they referred to as ""the perfect crime"". Other cases discussed involve William Hierans, whose disturbed sexual inclinations led him to commit burglaries and murders, and Francis Ballem, whose intellectual arrogance and maternal overindulgence culminated in him murdering a harmless drunk. Louise Peete, a strikingly intelligent woman, stands out as one of the few female criminals executed in America, showcasing a chilling disregard for humanity. The book ultimately serves as a probing examination of the complexities of criminal behaviour and the factors contributing to the moral disengagement of individuals capable of extreme violence. In contrast, Rex Townley's ""Heart Disease and Common Sense,"" published by Angus and Robertson, addresses life after experiencing a heart attack. Drawing from his insights over six years post-attack, Townley offers advice on recognising warning signs, maintaining a heart-healthy diet, and living a fulfilling life despite the health scare. His aim is to alleviate the anxieties faced by coronary survivors and to propose preventative measures that could help others avoid similar experiences. Overall, the two books present significantly different themes, with one focusing on the darkest facets of human psychology and morality, while the other provides practical guidance for health and wellbeing after a serious medical event.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19660402_2_62.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19660402.2.62,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-118411200
4266,30,04,1966,"The Man-woman Chevalier D’eon (Press, 30 April 1966)","Cynthia Cox's book, ""The Enigma of the Age,"" explores the life of one of the 18th century's most eccentric figures, the Chevalier d’Eon. Born in 1728 in Burgundy, d’Eon was a small-statured man with a high-pitched voice and exceptional intelligence, as well as skills in fencing. His unusual proclivity for dressing as a woman played a significant role in both his rise and fall as a diplomat and spy for King Louis XV of France. D’Eon’s notable emergence in historical records occurred when he travelled to Russia disguising himself as a young woman, accompanied by the Chevalier Douglas. Their mission aimed to secure the support of Empress Elizabeth during a time when France faced difficulties in European politics. D’Eon successfully formed a bond with the Empress, which was pivotal for France's diplomatic efforts. His successful espionage allowed him to ascend within Louis XV's select ""Secret"" organisation, responsible for tracking political movements across Europe. After gaining further credentials and responsibilities, including a commission in the Autichamp Dragoons during the Seven Years’ War, d’Eon's fortunes began to wane. A humiliating Peace Treaty in 1762 led to his reassignment as Minister Plenipotentiary to England, where he struggled financially. His lavish lifestyle and debts led to the deterioration of his reputation and relations with influential French officials. Subsequently, d’Eon confronted challenges from the newly appointed French Ambassador, the Comte de Guerchy, igniting a feud that highlighted his erratic behaviour. Despite being viewed as a nuisance, d’Eon's retainment was essential due to his knowledge of sensitive political matters. He later received a pension to continue as an informant, though his contentious nature continued to alienate him from key figures. The arrival of Beaumarchais in London in 1775 proved to be the turning point for d’Eon. Beaumarchais exploited d’Eon’s reputation to fuel speculation concerning his gender, leading d’Eon into an uncomfortable position where he was pressured to publicly embrace a feminine identity—becoming the ""Chevaliere d’Eon"" in the process. D’Eon capitulated to these demands, adopting women's clothing for the next 20 years, which marked a significant decline in his social standing and financial stability. By 1785, d’Eon returned to London, but the onset of the French Revolution stripped him of his meagre pension. He eventually passed away at 82, having been sustained by friends after losing his independence due to an accident that hindered his ability to give fencing lessons. A post-mortem examination confirmed his male identity, negating the long-held speculation about his gender. Cox's detailed biography is enriched with ample references, providing a comprehensive portrayal of d’Eon, portraying him as a deeply controversial and multifaceted character whose life reflected the complexities of gender, politics, and personal identity within his tumultuous era.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19660430_2_55_5.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19660430.2.55.5,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-115992000
4267,03,05,1966,"Brady Says He Fought Evans (Press, 3 May 1966)","In a significant development in the moors murder trial, lan Brady, aged 28, took the stand on 2 May 1966 to give evidence in his own defence. He stands accused of multiple charges but denies any wrongdoing. During his testimony, Brady admitted to striking 17-year-old Edward Evans with an axe. He described the incident as a result of a confrontation that occurred when he invited Evans to his home. According to Brady, the conflict escalated after Evans accused him of being a homosexual and demanded money. He claimed, ""The axe just bounced off his head,"" and recounted hitting Evans a second time while the victim's cries became increasingly frantic. Brady's partner, Myra Hindley, aged 23, is also facing charges but maintains her innocence alongside Brady. The pair are implicated in a series of serious crimes, which have captured public attention. Brady specifically referenced David Smith, the prosecution's key witness and Hindley's brother-in-law, alleging that Smith brought 10-year-old Lesley Downey to their home, suggesting she would be involved in posing for pornographic photographs. Brady recalled that when Downey began to scream, he acted to silence her by stuffing a handkerchief in her mouth, taking photographs, and leaving a tape recorder running. He claimed that Smith later left with Downey, indicating that he had no prior knowledge of her fate. Additionally, Brady stated he had no information regarding the disappearance or death of 12-year-old John Kilbride, another victim linked to the case. The courtroom was filled with onlookers as Brady presented his account, which marked a pivotal moment in the ongoing trial, raising further questions about the events surrounding the accusations against him and Hindley. The outcomes of the trial remain closely followed by the public, reflecting the serious nature and gravity of the charges.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19660503_2_179.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19660503.2.179,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-115732800
4268,04,05,1966,"Chief Steward Faces Charge Of Attempted Murder (Press, 4 May 1966)","The trial of 23-year-old Keith Charles Johns, chief steward of the Durango, commenced in the Supreme Court on 4 May 1966, concerning the attempted murder of his assistant steward, Anthony McGuire, on 4 February. Johns faces charges of attempted murder and, alternatively, the intent to cause grievous bodily harm through the discharge of a firearm. Chief Justice Sir Richard Wild presided over the case. The trial opened with the Crown's case presented by Mr W. R. Birks, who outlined the events leading to the shooting. That evening, the Durango departed from Wellington with a few passengers, including Sir Walter Nash, who was celebrated with a farewell party. Throughout the evening, Johns was seen entering and exiting the cabin across from his own, where Forrester, another steward, observed Johns with a small gun in a holster. At one point, Johns pulled out the gun and fired a shot into a locker, which struck a birthday cake intended for Sir Walter Nash. Later, despite being warned about the gun, a steward returned it to Johns after he reassured them he would not harm McGuire. Shortly after, Johns allegedly shot McGuire and boasted about it to the second officer aboard. The officer did not initially believe him, but upon investigation, it was discovered that McGuire was wounded in the abdomen. The captain, upon confirming the presence of a live cartridge in the gun and several more in the magazine, decided to return the ship to Wellington. Gordon Stephen Joseph Forrester, a 17-year-old steward’s boy who had been working on the Durango, testified that he had not participated in the earlier festivities and later entered Johns's cabin to assist with some book work. He recounted being awakened by Johns, who was then in the company of McGuire. Forrester noted that Johns sent him away and shortly thereafter, he heard a shot and found McGuire injured, with Johns standing nearby holding the gun. Anthony Thomas McGuire, the victim, testified that he had gone to bed early and was later awakened by Johns who invited him for a drink. Although hesitant, he felt compelled to accept. After Forrester was instructed to leave, Johns repeatedly entered and exited the cabin before ultimately shooting McGuire in the abdomen. Following the shooting, he claimed that stewards conspired to fabricate a story about the incident. The evidence from both Forrester and McGuire presented a complicated web of relationships and events, including potential underlying tensions. McGuire, who claimed to have no reason for Johns to wish him harm, recalled a reprimand he had received from Johns shortly before the incident. The trial continues to unfold, with further testimonies expected to shed light on the motives and circumstances surrounding the incident.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19660504_2_32.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19660504.2.32,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-115646400
4269,05,05,1966,"Steward Acquitted On Both Charges (Press, 5 May 1966)","On 5 May 1966, it was reported that Keith Charles Johns, aged 23 and the former chief steward of the cargo and passenger vessel Durango, was acquitted by a jury of attempted murder charges. The trial lasted two days, followed by more than four hours of jury deliberation. Johns faced accusations stemming from a shooting incident that occurred on 3 February 1966, when the Durango was travelling 60 miles off the coast of Wellington en route to the United Kingdom. During the incident, another crew member, Anthony McGuire, suffered a gunshot wound to the abdomen. The Chief Justice, Sir Richard Wild, oversaw the proceedings and ultimately discharged Johns after the jury's not guilty verdict. In his closing arguments, Crown Prosecutor Mr W. R. Birks contended that eyewitness testimony supported the charges against Johns, despite his own claims that these accounts were fabricated. Defence counsel Mr. M. A. Bungay argued that the Crown failed to establish a clear motive for the shooting and pointed out that if Johns had intended to harm McGuire, his aim was surprisingly accurate considering he had been drinking. The Chief Justice elaborated on the legal requirements for sustaining charges of attempted murder, specifically addressing the necessity of proving intent to kill, which he suggested was absent in this case. Although it was acknowledged that Johns fired the gun, questions remained regarding his intentions. The Chief Justice invited the jury to reflect on why Johns had not described the incident as an accident initially. Testimonies were given by police detectives who had boarded the Durango and found an automatic pistol with ammunition in Johns's cabin, along with a spent cartridge. Johns recounted that he had been in his cabin with some stewards when McGuire abruptly entered, leading him to pick up the gun in a moment of fear, intending merely to scare McGuire, with the weapon accidentally discharging. Johns claimed he had been drinking but was not excessively intoxicated. He described McGuire as a neurotic individual who had harboured animosity towards him, claiming that McGuire had previously attempted to hire someone to assault him. In response to the allegations against him, Johns asserted his innocence regarding accusations of sexual relationships with crew members, including a young steward, and denied having any history of targeting McGuire. The jury's acquittal thus cleared him of all charges related to the incident.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19660505_2_22.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19660505.2.22,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-115560000
4270,12,05,1966,"Lords In Favour (Press, 12 May 1966)","On 11 May 1966, the House of Lords in the United Kingdom voted in favour of a private bill aimed at legalising homosexual acts between consenting adult males in private. The vote concluded with 70 in favour and 29 against. This decision marks a significant step towards easing the legal concerns faced by an estimated 500,000 to one million individuals who could have been prosecuted under existing laws. The bill received a second reading, indicating agreement in principle, but still requires further debate and approval through detailed line-by-line consideration in both the House of Lords and the House of Commons before it can become law. Previous attempts to pass similar legislation have been thwarted, notably by the dissolution of Parliament following the General Election in March of the same year. Interestingly, the Labour Government has maintained a neutral stance on this divisive issue, allowing the bill to be debated as a private matter rather than a government-led initiative. This vote is seen as a crucial development in the ongoing discourse about the decriminalisation of homosexuality in Britain.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19660512_2_143.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19660512.2.143,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-114955200
4271,28,05,1966,"A Vision Of The Life Infernal (Press, 28 May 1966)","""Miracle of the Rose,"" a work by Jean Genet, has emerged as an important piece in contemporary literature, particularly in its exploration of criminal and prison life. This third volume by Genet, published by a London publisher, delves into the complex and often violent world of prison, which the inmates refer to as “the colony.” Within this environment, emotions run high, and love and hate manifest dramatically, with homosexual behaviour often considered the norm. The narrator, who embodies the spirit of an artist, presents prison not merely as a place of confinement but as a unique world that can be both more real and satisfying than life outside its walls. He describes the prison life under a ""stern gaze,"" likening it to a village overshadowed by a formidable feudal castle. Through his lyrical prose, Genet romanticises what many would perceive as hell, suggesting that beneath the surface of chaos, there might reside beauty and comfort even in desolation. Readers are prompted to reflect on whether Genet's portrayal is a twisted allure that romanticises a grim reality or if it offers a legitimate reinterpretation of life often deemed devoid of moral or spiritual significance. This contemplation raises broader questions about self-deception and the human tendency to engage with artistic representations of experiences they might otherwise avoid in real life. Genet’s style is poetic, creating an enchanting narrative that resonates even in translation. His ability to weave beautiful language into depictions of horror elevates the text to what can be seen as a ""miracle""—finding the rose among thorns. The author’s contemporary peers, such as the decadent writers of the previous century, appear timid in comparison, with only Rimbaud posing a challenge to Genet’s unique perspective. Ultimately, ""Miracle of the Rose"" leaves a profound impact on its readers, providing them with an unforgettable insight into the infernal aspects of life through Genet’s extraordinary lens, compelling them to grapple with the complexities and contradictions inherent in his vision of existence.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19660528_2_38_7.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19660528.2.38.7,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-113572800
6554,18,06,1966,"New Fiction (Press, 18 June 1966)","The book reviews published on 18 June 1966 cover a range of titles, highlighting various themes and styles. The first review discusses ""Mr Bratbe's August Picnic"" by Jacqueline Wheldon, which revolves around the lives of Mrs Hytha Bratbe, a wealthy and busy mother, her lover Doddley, and her intelligent daughter Alexandra. Alexandra faces challenges, including expulsion from school and a bizarre attack on a priest, leading her to co-found an unusual club that recites Greek philosophy. The story culminates in the annual August Picnic, exposing the struggles and interactions among characters at Mrs Bratbe's Sussex estate. Ultimately, by age twenty, Alexandra achieves a sense of peace despite her tumultuous life. The reviewer praises Wheldon's versatility, noting minor flaws in her writing. Geoff Brown's debut novel, ""I Want What I Want,"" is described as an ""astonishing tour-de-force"" that explores themes of transvestitism through the character of Roy Clark. His struggles with identity and obsession lead him to seek a transformation into a woman, only to face disappointment and eventual tragedy. The reviewer finds Brown's portrayal convincing and looks forward to future works. Brooke Astor’s ""The Blue Bird Is At Home"" is characterised as a witty commentary on social and moral issues between the wars. The story follows Jane Stowe, who, after marrying Jim Allstead, discovers that her lack of sexual desire significantly impacts their relationship. Jim's infidelity and Jane's pursuit of ""father figures"" create a complex dynamic, resolved through social conflict. The light-hearted tone is recognised as a counterbalance to the story’s improbable elements. In ""The Bloody Wood"" by Michael Innes, an intricate thriller is set around the inheritance complications of Charne, an English stately home. The narrative explores the Martineau family dynamics, especially after Mrs Martineau's suspicious death. The resulting investigation incorporates a range of characters and red herrings, with Innes's trademark wit enhancing the story, despite a somewhat contrived resolution. Finally, Terence Kelly's ""The Genki Boys"" describes life in a Japanese prisoner-of-war camp, focusing on the monotony and daily struggles of the captives. The review criticises the lack of tension and depth in character exploration, asserting that the novel becomes tedious rather than providing insights into the psychological impacts of hardship. Overall, these reviews depict a diverse array of literary works, each exploring different facets of human experience, perception of identity, and social commentary.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19660618_2_38_1.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19660618.2.38.1,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-111758400
4272,22,06,1966,"Homosexual Law Reform Supported (Press, 22 June 1966)","On 21 June 1966, the clergy/doctor committee of the Anglican Synod in Auckland proposed significant reforms concerning homosexuality, advocating for the legalisation of consensual homosexual acts among adults. This recommendation emerged after extensive study by the committee, which also called for a revision of the current penal system addressing homosexual offenders. The Bishop of Auckland, the Rt. Rev. A. E. Gowing, conveyed these recommendations to the Synod, emphasising that while the Church maintains its condemnation of homosexuality as sin, incarceration is not a suitable response. He articulated the necessity of finding more constructive ways to assist those deemed sinners, stating, “The urgent question is: How best can the sinner be helped?” He reiterated that the recommendations should not be viewed as a compromise on the Church’s moral position. In a related context, Bishop Gowing addressed broader societal issues in his speech to the Synod. He expressed concern about the rise of striptease clubs, linking their existence to the exploitation of sexual themes, and highlighted an alarming increase in venereal diseases and rates of illegitimacy within the community. Addressing the need for stricter regulations, he called for greater protections for younger audiences under 21 from such establishments. He reported a significant one-third increase in venereal disease cases in Auckland over the previous year, noting that the incidence among individuals under 20 had substantially escalated, more than doubling over three years. Bishop Gowing urged the community to better educate young people about the dangers of promiscuity, emphasising the Christian view that sexual intercourse is intended as a sacred expression of unity solely within marriage. He also reflected on the unsatisfactory statistic regarding illegitimate births, which stood at one in nine births, not accounting for those who had undergone abortions, describing it as indicative of a broader malaise affecting societal and sexual dynamics. He called on society to support unmarried mothers and encourage adherence to the highest moral standards. Overall, the Synod highlighted a complex interplay of moral, social, and health concerns, with a focus on reforming both attitudes and legal frameworks surrounding these pressing issues.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19660622_2_144.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19660622.2.144,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-111412800
7714,07,07,1966,"Homosexuality Bill Likely To Pass (Press, 7 July 1966)","On 6 July 1966, the House of Commons in London voted overwhelmingly in favour of a bill to legalise homosexuality between consenting male adults in private, with a vote tally of 244 to 100. This significant support suggests a strong likelihood that the bill will pass successfully. A similar bill had previously been approved by the Commons in February 1966, but it failed to reach final reading due to the House's adjournment for the General Election. The House of Lords has already passed a comparable bill. The proposed legislation will not apply to women, as lesbian relationships have never been illegal in modern Britain. The terms of the current bill were first advocated by the Wolfenden Report, which was commissioned by the government over a decade ago. The bill was sponsored by Labour member Mr Leo Abse, who has been a long-time advocate for this cause. In opposition, Conservative Sir Cyril Osborne argued against the bill, claiming it would damage discipline within the Armed Forces and degrade the nation's moral standards. His remarks were met with derision from members of the House. Observers noted that the substantial backing for reform indicated a strong possibility that the bill could become law within the next year. The government has taken a neutral stance on the issue and is open to allocating Parliamentary time for the bill should members express a desire to do so.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19660707_2_149.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19660707.2.149,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-110116800
4273,10,08,1966,"Homosexual Charge Against Ned Kelly Enrages Home... (Press, 10 August 1966)","On 9 August 1966, a controversy erupted in Jerilderie, Australia, following claims made by New Zealand-born author Sidney J. Baker that infamous bushranger Ned Kelly and his gang were homosexuals. Baker's assertions, to be published in his upcoming book ""The Australian Language,"" have sparked significant outrage in the town that holds Kelly in high esteem. Baker stated he found compelling evidence to support his claims, asserting that the gang was not composed of classic masculine heroes but rather a group that engaged in effeminate behaviour including wearing women's clothing, using perfume, and dancing with other men. Residents of Jerilderie, where the Kelly Gang famously held up the bank in 1878, expressed their disbelief and anger at Baker's characterisation of their local hero. The town’s shire council plans to discuss the matter at their next meeting, and local publican Mr ""Chicka"" Cully has called for the book to be banned, labelling the allegations as absurd. Baker, who began his research into the Kelly legend while exploring Australian idioms related to Kelly’s notoriety, claims that none of the gang members showed interest in women and once ransacked a cart for perfume. Jerilderie has historically honoured Kelly, incorporating his likeness into the shire’s coat of arms. The local secretary for the Returned Services League expressed outrage over Baker's comments, emphasising Kelly's status as a local icon, while other residents echoed similar sentiments, asserting pride in their connection to him. Baker, meanwhile, articulated that his findings were true based on extensive research, but this has done little to quell the strong local allegiance to Kelly. The discussion over Kelly's legacy and Baker’s claims is set to continue amid the growing controversy in the town.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19660810_2_67.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19660810.2.67,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-107179200
6851,13,08,1966,"The Little Chevalier (Press, 13 August 1966)","Edna Nixon's book ""Royal Spy,"" a biography of the 18th century figure Chevalier Charles D’Eon de Beaumont, presents a sympathetic portrayal of its subject, contrasting sharply with Cynthia Cox's earlier work, ""The Enigma of the Age,"" which depicted D’Eon as an annoying exhibitionist. Nixon takes a more nuanced view, particularly in discussing D’Eon's later years, characterising him as a tragic figure who fell victim to both circumstance and his own choices. D’Eon was born in 1738 in Burgundy to a lower noble family and displayed a penchant for wearing women's clothing from a young age. Despite his unusual habits, he was a skilled swordsman and known for his bravery. With the support of his patron, the Due de Conti, D’Eon impressively served the French King Louis XIV by undertaking diplomatic missions to Russia, dressed both as a woman and as her brother, aimed at securing Catherine the Great’s friendship for France. His contributions earned him military accolades and a position in a clandestine spy organisation known as ""the Secret."" However, D’Eon’s career took a pivotal turn when he was appointed as the French Minister Plenipotentiary in London, tasked with evaluating the feasibility of a French invasion of Britain. His popularity in London did not shield him from financial mismanagement, and conflict arose with the newly appointed French ambassador, the Comte de Guerchy. Their animosity led to a scandal that saw Guerchy employing underhanded tactics to undermine D’Eon, including efforts to have him discredited or even harmed. D’Eon’s increasingly defiant correspondence with his superiors and his financial woes escalated the tension, leading to a fallout that turned friends into adversaries. His predicament worsened when the English media began betting on his sex, prompting the French government to compel him into an undignified return to France. They offered him a pension and a pardon if he would live permanently as a woman—a condition he begrudgingly accepted, becoming known as Chevaliere D’Eon for two decades. After the French Revolution, D’Eon was allowed to return to London, where he spent his remaining years in poverty, reliant on the goodwill of friends and facing the loss of most of his possessions to pawnshops. Throughout her narrative, Nixon presents a balanced view of D’Eon, highlighting his pathos and the compulsive nature of his transvestism, even as he struggled with the forced femininity that defined his later years. Both Nixon and Cox conducted extensive research for their works, and the stark differences in their portrayals reflect the conflicting accounts of D’Eon's complex life and legacy. The book invites readers to reconsider the life of a figure whose gender identity and political life were intertwined in an era of rigid societal norms.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19660813_2_46.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19660813.2.46,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-106920000
4274,18,08,1966,"Calls For Inquiry Into N.s.w. Police Force (Press, 18 August 1966)","On 17 August 1966, a significant court ruling in Sydney highlighted severe concerns regarding the New South Wales Police Force. Judge Goran, presiding over the appeal of 18-year-old Michael Clifford Cathels, found that a police constable had committed perjury during the hearing of an indecency charge against Cathels. The judge characterised the constable's testimony as a ""patent lie,"" revealing that the officer's true intention in visiting a public lavatory was not merely to urinate but rather to act as a ""decoy and provocateur"" targeting individuals potentially engaging in homosexual activities. This judgement bolstered ongoing calls for an independent public inquiry into police methods, following a series of troubling incidents that have eroded public trust in law enforcement. Judge Goran expressed dismay over the actions of police officers, stating, “I think it a shocking thing that when a man’s liberty is at stake, a police officer should call upon his Maker to witness that he is about to tell the truth and then lie.” His comments formed part of a broader wave of dissatisfaction with the police, particularly in light of another recent case involving William Leonard Stinvics, which the Court of Appeal deemed a miscarriage of justice. In the Stinvics case, questions were raised about the credibility of the police’s evidence, with the judges noting the bizarre circumstances of the arrest, which involved multiple officers and an unequal physical struggle. Premier R. Askin assured that Stinvics would not be denied justice regardless of the implications for government officials. Further intensifying the scrutiny of the police force, the media and the public are calling for a comprehensive inquiry, even suggesting a Royal Commission, due to disturbing incidents involving alleged police misconduct. Notable cases include an acquittal based on a medical assessment that indicated a young man could not have made certain statements due to a severe speech defect, and the wrongful convictions of two men for murder due to procedural breaches during police interrogations. In light of Judge Goran’s ruling, Constable Brian Cedric Rowland was suspended from duty and pay pending an internal inquiry. The Commissioner of Police, Mr N. T. W. Allan, indicated that following the departmental review, a decision would be made regarding potential charges of false swearing or perjury against Rowland. Public sentiment regarding the police force has reached a crisis point, with calls for reform underscored by a recent editorial from the Sydney “Sunday Telegraph,” which argued for immediate action, claiming that a police force lacking public confidence is detrimental to the community, the rule of law, and the police themselves. The unfolding events continue to shine a light on systemic issues within the New South Wales Police Force, prompting demands for accountability and transparency in law enforcement practices.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19660818_2_72.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19660818.2.72,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-106488000
4275,03,10,1966,"Unaltered (Press, 3 October 1966)","On October 2, 1966, an all-party parliamentary committee in London reached a consensus that homosexual behaviour would remain a punishable offence within the Armed Services. This decision reflects the prevailing societal attitudes towards homosexuality during this period in the UK, where military regulations were influenced by traditional beliefs and norms regarding sexual conduct. The ruling indicates a reluctance to liberalise views on homosexuality in military settings, despite ongoing discussions and changing perspectives in wider society. The committee's decision is significant as it highlights the tension between individual rights and institutional regulations in the context of the Armed Forces.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19661003_2_128.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19661003.2.128,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-102513600
4276,08,10,1966,"Measures To Combat Venereal Disease Sought (Press, 8 October 1966)","The National Council of Women in New Zealand has expressed significant concern over the rising rates of venereal disease in the country. During a recent Dominion conference held in Dunedin, delegates decided to contact the Minister of Health, Mr. McKay, to advocate for the production of informative posters on the dangers of venereal diseases and their prevention, aimed for circulation in factories and doctors' waiting rooms. Former national president, Mrs A.D. Grant, highlighted the issue, referencing her attendance at the International Abolitionist Federation congress in Rome earlier in the year where similar concerns were discussed. Mrs Grant reported attempts to obtain a series of English television documentaries on venereal disease for educational purposes, but was informed that they were unavailable. A specialist in Christchurch corroborated her difficulties in accessing these films. She emphasised the need to utilise mass media to effectively reach vulnerable populations, particularly those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. The conference rallied behind her initiative to pursue the films and investigate their unavailability, as well as questioned the Health Department's reluctance to fund educational materials. In her remarks, Mrs Grant asserted that chastity represents the most effective means of tackling venereal disease. She outlined factors contributing to the rising incidence of these diseases, including the growing resistance of pathogens to antibiotics, the movement of populations and immigration, asymptomatic women serving as reservoirs of infection, a rising number of homosexual men facing high rates of infections, increased sexual freedom, and growing trends in premarital and extramarital sex. Dr R.D. Catterall, director of Middlesex Hospital in London, also shared insights from his contributions at the Rome congress, noting that casual sexual encounters are a prevalent method of disease transmission. Furthermore, the consensus among medical professionals cited during the conference was that state-regulated prostitution would not effectively control the venereal disease crisis. As a resolution, the congress proposed a comprehensive strategy to manage and reduce the incidence of venereal diseases. This plan encompasses raising public awareness about infection risks, establishing accessible clinics for anonymous treatment, setting up efficient systems for epidemiological examinations, and ensuring non-discriminatory treatment for all patients. Overall, the conference highlighted the pressing need for public health initiatives to combat the alarming rise of venereal diseases in New Zealand.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19661008_2_240.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19661008.2.240,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-102081600
4277,01,11,1966,"Magistrate’s Court Gaoled For Two Years And A... (Press, 1 November 1966)","On 1 November 1966, various sentencing outcomes were reported from the Magistrate's Court, with several individuals facing convictions for crimes including burglary, car theft, assault, and driving-related offences. William Francis Sheary, aged 29, received a sentence of two and a half years for eight burglary charges and one of car conversion. Although the Magistrate acknowledged Sheary's clean record in New Zealand, he highlighted Sheary’s extensive criminal history in Australia, noting that while he had avoided trouble for two years, his past warranted a significant sentence. Gary Harold Jeffries, 21, was sentenced to two years in prison for unlawfully taking a car and multiple counts of burglary committed throughout October. The Magistrate pointed out that Jeffries had previously benefited from probation but showed no improvement, leading to a strong warning prior to sentencing. George Francis Williams, 27, faced a fine of £100 for driving while disqualified, a charge he had accrued multiple prior convictions for. The Magistrate considered his previous record but noted he had refrained from trouble for the past two years. Consequently, his disqualification was extended by a further year. Young defendants Wayne Clifford Pool, aged 17, and Joseph William Stevenson, aged 17, both received probation for two years for their respective theft and burglary charges, while the latter could remain free ahead of a forthcoming court date related to his co-defendant. In other cases, a charge of assault against Stoyan Prochkoff was dismissed, while Murphy Komene Cassidy, aged 24, was sentenced to three months' imprisonment for loitering with felonious intent. Several other defendants, including Ernest William Hamill and Kenneth Noel Bevan, faced fines for their varied misdemeanours, including burglary and causing disturbances. A notable case involved David John McLaren, 25, who was remanded for sentence after stealing alcohol from the hotel where he worked. Additionally, Edwin Ernest Ballock, aged 45, faced a fine for assaulting a woman, despite having a reputation for violent conduct. In summary, the proceedings reflected a mix of community service, fines, and imprisonment, with some individuals being offered probation instead of jail time based on mitigating factors such as their previous conduct and personal circumstances.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19661101_2_192.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19661101.2.192,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-100008000
4278,05,11,1966,"Homosexual Law Change (Press, 5 November 1966)","On 5 November 1966, it was reported that a bill aimed at legalising homosexual conduct between consenting male adults in private is expected to progress towards becoming law in Britain. The Government has decided to allocate the required Parliamentary time for debate, indicating strong support for the measure. Political sources revealed that the Cabinet's decision was influenced by the overwhelming backing from Labour back-benchers, who are in favour of the bill. With this support, the bill is now likely to be considered in Parliament early next year.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19661105_2_119.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19661105.2.119,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-99662400
4279,23,11,1966,"Sex-change Surgery In American Hospital (Press, 23 November 1966)","On 20 November 1966, the ""New York Times"" reported that Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore has officially commenced performing sex-change surgeries, marking it as the first American hospital to provide such support. Although sex-change surgeries have been conducted in various European countries for the past 15 years and by select surgeons in the United States, this represents a significant endorsement within the American medical establishment. The hospital has already completed two operations: the first occurred in September and the second in October, involving two males in their 20s, one of whom was African American. The gender reassignment procedure entails the removal of the male external genitals and the creation of a vaginal passage, taking approximately three and a half to four hours. Prior to and following the surgery, patients undergo female hormone treatments aimed at reducing male secondary sexual characteristics and enhancing female traits such as breast growth and hip widening. A limited number of applications for the surgery have also come from women, accounting for about 10 percent of the total 100 requests. Those seeking gender reassignment are classified as transsexuals. Generally, they are physically healthy but feel a profound aversion to their biological sex from a young age, believing they are trapped in the wrong body—either male individuals identifying as female or vice versa. Psychiatrists suggest that many transsexuals are often sexually inactive prior to their operations, largely due to their discomfort with homosexual relationships. It is essential to distinguish transsexuals from transvestites, who simply find pleasure in dressing as the opposite sex without seeking a gender change. Many mental health professionals believe that transsexuals cannot find relief through psychotherapy, and they may be vulnerable to mental health challenges, including depression and suicidal thoughts. The clinic at Johns Hopkins examines only two patients monthly and has a long waiting list. Each applicant undergoes a comprehensive physical and psychological evaluation costing $100. The hospital prioritises candidates who are living as women and receiving hormone treatments. Although the majority of transsexuals are seen as emotionally stable outside their gender identity issues, their sense of frustration can be overwhelming. Post-surgery, which, along with hospital care, averages $1,500, patients are encouraged to partake in follow-up studies and must continue hormone therapy to maintain female characteristics. Experts theorise that transsexualism may stem from early childhood conditioning, possibly linked to a mother's wish for a daughter instead of a son; however, some cases remain mysterious. Importantly, very few subjects have expressed regret after surgery, and there are minimal reports of serious postoperative complications. Many who have undergone the operation have successfully received new birth certificates reflecting their female identity, alleviating potential legal complications related to being a transvestite. Some have even married, sometimes without their partners knowing about their previous gender. The surgical procedure allows for normal sexual relationships but does not enable the ability to bear children. For female-to-male transitions, the surgery includes a hysterectomy and removal of breasts.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19661123_2_231.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19661123.2.231,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-98107200
4280,09,12,1966,"‘Constructive Sentence’ On Indecency Charges (Press, 9 December 1966)","On 9 December 1966, the Magistrate's Court addressed the case of two men convicted of indecency, having pleaded guilty to engaging in mutual masturbation in a public lavatory. Their identities were suppressed, and the charges fell under Section 141 of the Crimes Act. The court, presided over by Mr H. J. Evans, took into account probation officer reports and medical assessments, including a physical health certificate. Both men were in their forties and were first-time offenders, having no previous legal issues. During the proceedings, the Magistrate noted that their actions, while deemed criminal by law, occurred in relative privacy and did not involve any corrupting influence on minors. The court acknowledged the social stigma and condemnation that they might face from the community. The defence counsel argued for a discharge without conviction under Section 42 of the Criminal Justice Act, suggesting that no harm was caused to others and highlighting the men's willingness to undergo psychotherapy. The councillors also presented the emotional and psychological complexities surrounding the case. Despite recognising the merits of the arguments for leniency and understanding the personal remorse felt by the defendants, the Magistrate emphasised that he was bound by the law established by Parliament, which defines such acts as criminal and carries a potential sentence of up to five years' imprisonment. Therefore, he deemed it necessary to record a conviction against both men. Yet, the Magistrate indicated a willingness to impose a constructive approach regarding the sentencing. He sentenced them to 18 months on probation, during which they were required to undergo psychiatric or other treatment as recommended by the probation officer. Additionally, each defendant was ordered to pay court costs. The decision sought to balance the legal requirements with a more rehabilitative and supportive outcome for the individuals involved.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19661209_2_153.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19661209.2.153,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-96724800
4281,21,12,1966,"Legality Nearer (Press, 21 December 1966)","On 20 December 1966, a bill aimed at legalising homosexual acts between consenting male adults in private made significant progress towards becoming law in the United Kingdom. The House of Commons held an unopposed second reading, indicating a general agreement in principle for this private bill sponsored by Labour M.P. Mr Leo Abse. The government adopted a neutral stance on the matter, allowing members a free vote that was not aligned with party politics. Observers believed that the bill was likely to pass through the remaining stages in the Commons and subsequently in the House of Lords without major obstacles. In a separate report from London on the same day, it was announced that comedian Jack Train had passed away due to a heart attack at the age of 64. Train was well-known for his role as “Colonel Chinstrap” in the radio programme Itma (""It’s That Man Again"").",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19661221_2_132.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19661221.2.132,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-95688000
6555,31,12,1966,"Some Of The New Novels (Press, 31 December 1966)","The news story published on 31 December 1966 provides reviews of six recently released books, each showcasing different styles and themes. ""Incubus"" by Giuseppe Berto, translated by William Weaver, is a lengthy stream-of-consciousness narrative exploring a man's complex relationships with various women and his feelings towards his deceased father. The reviewer critiques Berto's verbose style, expressing a wish for more concise writing that would highlight the striking prose found within the dense text. Despite its flaws, the book has received notable literary awards, including the Viareggio and Campiello Prizes in 1964. Berto's life experiences, including time as a prisoner of war in the United States, lend depth to his writing. Edmund McGirr's ""The Funeral Was In Spain"" follows the investigation of Kingston Rowton's death by a private detective hired by his wealthy, suspicious father. The deceased's morally questionable life is examined, revealing various individuals who may have had motives for foul play, including illegitimate children and business associates. The novel's plot is described as a standard mystery that does not rise above mediocrity, populated by characters with more money than ethics. In ""Make Much Of Time,"" Patrick Davidson chronicles the poignant yet overextended story of young love between Jim McComb and Penda Carlson. Following Penda's tragic death, Jim struggles with grief and inadvertently delays his emotional healing process for years. The narrative includes explorations of literature and the arts, though the lengthy discussions detract from the main themes of love and loss, making the story feel unnecessarily protracted. Cressida Lindsay's ""No, John, No"" provides a character study of Kate, a young woman navigating life on the fringes of London society. The novel's lack of a strong plot is offset by its authentic portrayal of disenchanted youth. While Kate initially appears dull, her character reveals a hidden depth of pleasure in life's simple experiences. The writing style, however, suffers from haphazard punctuation and mixed narrative perspectives, which complicates the reading experience. Paul Gallico's ""The Man Who Was Magic"" presents a fable-like narrative featuring Adam, a genuinely magical figure whose simplicity contrasts with the cynical world of professional magicians. Although the story addresses the theme of innocence versus cynicism, it tends to be slow and predictable, populated by stereotypical characters. Only the speaking dog, Mopsy, stands out as a relatable figure amidst the otherwise flat cast. Finally, ""The Sharemilkers"" by N. D. Thompson tells the story of Shane and Dilyse, a young couple engaged in sharemilking in New Zealand as they aspire to own their dairy farm. Although their episodic journey through different rural communities offers opportunities for growth and learning, Dilyse's somewhat superficial interest in people detracts from the otherwise friendly and light-hearted narrative. Overall, these reviews highlight a variety of literary styles and themes, from introspective narratives to character-driven explorations, while also commenting on the shortcomings of certain works.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19661231_2_40_1.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19661231.2.40.1,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-94824000
6556,25,01,1967,"Nurse Describes Cries For Help By Victim (Press, 25 January 1967)","On 25 January 1967, the case of Doreen Ellen Davis, a 30-year-old Air Force nurse, was the focus of a preliminary hearing in Auckland, following the murder charge of her fellow nurse, Raewyn Kathleen Joy Petley, aged 40. The hearing revealed critical witness accounts, including statements from Sister Marlene Deanna Phipps, who was present the night before the incident on November 19, 1966. Sister Phipps described hearing noises and desperate cries for help from Sister Petley's room late on November 18. After arriving at the Whenuapai air base at 7.10 p.m. that evening, she interacted with both Sister Petley and Davis before going to her own room. Later, while freshening up, Davis brought her a glass of beer, which she shared with both sisters in Petley's room. Phipps noted that after spending time socialising, she returned to her room around 12.30 a.m., at which point she observed that Petley's room light was off and heard the alarming noises coming from within. Concerned, Phipps attempted to check on Petley but found the door locked. As she was preparing to call for help, she heard Petley’s cries for assistance, prompting her to think there was an intruder inside. When she asked Davis about the situation, Davis replied calmly, saying everything was “under control.” Witnesses provided varying accounts of the circumstances surrounding both Petley’s life and Davis’s behaviour leading up to the incident. Squadron Leader Graham Pope confirmed that there were rumours about Petley's sexuality, described as a lesbian, although he admitted he did not believe these claims. Other medical staff indicated that Davis had shown changes in behaviour and mood in the weeks preceding the tragic event, exhibiting surly demeanour and, at times, signs of intoxication. Sister Pamela Jean Miley recounted finding Petley’s body the morning after the incident. After attempts to contact Petley were met with silence, Miley observed through the fanlight that Petley appeared unresponsive. Along with Sister Brittain, they managed to enter the room, where she discovered Petley's body in a state indicating she was deceased. There was a noticeable presence of blood, suggesting foul play. Detective Inspector Brian Wilkinson later testified about the investigation, including that Davis had been clinically dead for a period before being revived on the same day. This complex case of accusations, personal relationships, and allegations posited a convoluted narrative marked by emotional strains and societal pressures within the closed community of the air force medical staff. The preliminary hearing was ongoing, with the prospect of 14 additional witnesses to be heard, indicating that the proceedings would reveal further dimensions to the multifaceted personal dynamics among the staff at Whenuapai air base and the circumstances leading to this tragic event.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670125_2_17.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670125.2.17,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-92664000
4282,16,03,1967,"Psychiatrist’s View “in State Of Automatism” (Press, 16 March 1967)","Auckland's Supreme Court is currently hearing the trial of Doreen Ellen Davis, a 30-year-old nursing sister charged with the murder of her colleague, 40-year-old Raewyn Kathleen Joy Petley, at Whenuapai on 19 November 1966. The trial, which has extended to eight days, is presided over by Mr Justice Moller and is being evaluated by a jury consisting of three women and nine men. Doreen Davis's defence is being represented by Mr K. Ryan, while the Crown's case is being presented by Mr D. S. Morris and Mr J. G. Miles. During the proceedings, psychiatrist and pathologist Henry Charles Bethune provided medical insights into Davis's mental state at the time of the incident. He indicated that she may have been in a condition of automatism, specifically a form described as de-personalisation, where the individual feels detached from their actions. This could result in patchy memory, akin to a concussion, leading to confusion regarding events immediately preceding the incident, although Davis retained a coherent memory of past events. Bethune opined that Sister Petley might have self-inflicted the fatal wound to her neck, and noted concerns about her mental health, suggesting that she exhibited signs of depression, especially in the context of her self-medication with stimulants and a drug used to suppress sexual urges. He explained that those experiencing severe emotional distress often contemplate or commit suicide in unpredictable and shocking ways. Further expert testimony came from James Frederick Moodie, an Army doctor, who echoed the possibility that Petley's neck wound could have been self-inflicted. He described typical patterns of self-inflicted neck injuries, affirming that the characteristics of Petley's wound matched those patterns, though he conceded that another expert, Dr Cairns, had better access to the physical evidence. Additionally, Mary Webster Wilson, the Director of the Royal New Zealand Nursing Corps, testified about her prior encounters with Davis, recalling a meeting on 4 November where Davis displayed emotional distress regarding her job. She emphasised Davis's capabilities as a nursing sister, noting her efficiency in the role. During the trial, the defence is constructing an argument that highlights Davis's mental health status and the context of her activities on the night preceding Petley's death, suggesting that the events may have occurred without conscious intention or awareness from Davis. The jury is tasked with determining the circumstances surrounding the death, including whether it was a homicide or suicide, informed by the psychiatric evidence and testimonies presented.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670316_2_36.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670316.2.36,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-88344000
6557,18,03,1967,"‘Not Mercy, Justice’ (Press, 18 March 1967)","In a recent trial, Mr K. Ryan delivered his final address regarding the case of Davis, who is accused of murdering Sister Petley. Ryan emphasised that Davis was not seeking mercy but merely justice. He requested the jury to consider evidence presented by Sister Petley’s foster sister, Mrs Taylor, highlighting that while the defence did not portray Sister Petley as a monstrous figure, she had hidden aspects of her character that Mrs Taylor was unaware of. Specifically, Ryan pointed out that although Petley did not take medications in her daily life, she had a substantial number of drugs in her possession. Ryan touched upon the circumstances surrounding Davis's assignment to Wigram, which occurred around October 26, indicating that she was unhappy about the posting. He suggested that her emotional state could have stemmed from a personal situation—Davis had a young son in Christchurch who was living with her sister, and the boy's father was at Burnham Military Camp. Ryan argued that the stress from her situation might have contributed to Davis's mental state during the months leading up to the alleged murder. Furthermore, Ryan scrutinised the reliability of the Crown's evidence, particularly that of Sister Phipps. He noted that during cross-examination, Phipps claimed not to remember critical events on numerous occasions. Ryan questioned her credibility, emphasizing contradictions between her testimony and that of her escort, Gillingham, regarding the sounds heard from Sister Petley’s room. This discrepancy suggested reasonable doubt about the events leading to Petley’s death. Mr Ryan highlighted the lack of forensic evidence, such as fingerprints on the window, which would have been expected if Davis had escaped through there after committing the murder. He posited that there was a possibility that the fatal wound on Sister Petley could have been self-inflicted, particularly given the nature of the cut and Davis's claims of memory loss following her discovery of Petley. In summarising his argument, Ryan insisted that the case presented by the Crown did not meet the burden of proof required for a conviction and contended that Davis deserved a verdict of not guilty. The jurors, consisting of nine men and three women, were tasked with deliberation after Mr Justice Moller’s impending summation. The trial continues to draw significant public interest as the legal proceedings unfold.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670318_2_34.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670318.2.34,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-88171200
6558,21,03,1967,"Long Deliberation By Davis Trial Jury (Press, 21 March 1967)","On 20 March 1967, a jury was deliberating the case of Doreen Ellen Davis, a 30-year-old nursing sister charged with the murder of 40-year-old Sister Raewyn Kathleen Joy Petley at the R.N.Z.A.F. base in Whenuapai on 19 November the previous year. The jury had been considering the case for nearly eight hours after retiring to deliberate. Justice Moller, during his summing up, explained that Davis was entitled to an acquittal if the jury could not definitively exclude the possibility of suicide, which was a major element of her defence. The jury's task involved evaluating three main categories of evidence: Davis’s personal account, the nature of Sister Petley’s wound, and medical testimony suggesting that Sister Petley had tendencies toward self-harm. Davis maintained that she recalled Petley cutting her own throat vividly but could remember little after that event. However, the prosecution highlighted inconsistencies, notably that Davis left the room, with the door later found locked from the inside, and she did not seek immediate help despite claiming to have called out. Witnesses corroborated that they heard calls for help from the room. Justice Moller commented on the emotional turmoil that Davis allegedly faced due to Petley’s advances, citing testimony from Dr. Bethune regarding the emotional shocks Davis experienced. This included analysing two letters written by Davis shortly before Petley’s death, which could indicate that their relationship was not as definitively severed as Davis had claimed. The judge advised the jury to weigh the evidence from both sides carefully. The prosecution contended that a qualified pathologist had determined that the wounds were not self-inflicted, while the defence argued that another pathologist suggested self-infliction was possible. The circumstantial evidence, including the nature of the incident and the context of the relationship between the two women, was pivotal for the jury's consideration. Moller outlined possible verdicts: if the jury found the Crown did not eliminate the possibility of suicide, they must acquit Davis. If they thought she acted unlawfully but without intent to kill or cause harm, they could deliver a manslaughter verdict. Moller instructed that for a verdict of ""not guilty by reason of insanity"" to be rendered, it must be clear that Davis was suffering from a debilitating mental condition that impaired her understanding of her actions. Automatism, a condition in which a person might perform actions without conscious awareness, was also discussed, stating that if the jury believed Davis acted in such a state, she would be entitled to complete acquittal. Moller concluded by posing a question on self-defence, pointing out that while it was not proposed in this case, the jury should consider whether an unprovoked assault by Sister Petley could justify Davis’s actions as a form of reasonable force. The jury was left to carefully evaluate the evidence against Davis’s claims, weighing the possibility of suicide against the circumstantial and direct evidence presented.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670321_2_28.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670321.2.28,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-87912000
4283,23,03,1967,"Dickens, The Family Man’ (Press, 23 March 1967)","Monica Dickens, the great-granddaughter of the famed author Charles Dickens, is currently on a lecture tour across the United States, where she shares insights about her ancestor's sexual life. Charging £178 per lecture, her talks primarily target women’s clubs, and she finds them well-received. Many attendees express a renewed interest in reading Dickens’ works after her sessions. In an interview, Miss Dickens acknowledges that she does not possess formal qualifications to analyse her great-grandfather’s literary contributions but emphasises her perspective as a family member. She discusses Dickens’ role as a family man, the complexities surrounding his marriage, and the fate of his ten children. Despite her admiration for him, she candidly admits to the darker aspects of his life, including his alleged infidelities, suggesting that many men of his era, facing societal pressures, sought companionship outside of marriage. Miss Dickens reveals that Charles Dickens had a significant affair with a young actress named Ellen Ternan, which she believes played a role in the dissolution of his marriage. She also mentions another romantic involvement in Italy, where Dickens experimented with hypnotism, a popular trend at the time. She reflects on the societal norms of Dickens' era, noting that marriage was often viewed through the lens of duty rather than pleasure, which consequently led men to seek extramarital fulfilment. While discussing his literary works, Miss Dickens points out that Dickens refrained from including overt sexual content in his writings, asserting that his readership would have declined if he had done so. However, she interprets a subtle homosexual undertone in ""David Copperfield,"" suggesting that it reflects Dickens' own observations of the world around him. As for Dickens' later years, Miss Dickens recounts a significant period shortly before his death when he toured the United States, reading from his books and earning substantial sums. Notably, he preferred to receive his earnings in cash, reflecting a distrust of American banks. During this tour, he suffered significant health issues and often collapsed, needing to be revived with brandy. Miss Dickens conveys a sentiment held within her family that this strenuous tour ultimately contributed to his demise.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670323_2_22_5.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670323.2.22.5,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-87739200
4284,19,04,1967,"Homosexual Law (Press, 19 April 1967)","A public meeting held in Wellington on April 18, 1967, urged for legal reforms regarding homosexual acts between consenting adults in private. Organised by the newly established Wolfenden Association, the meeting attracted around 150 attendees. Key speakers included Wellington city councillor and barrister Mrs O. E. Smuts-Kennedy, Mr P. Blizzard, a lecturer in psychology from Victoria University, and the Anglican Vicar of Porirua, Rev. P. Robinson. A motion was passed expressing that the current laws on homosexuality do not benefit the community and endorsing the formation of a society to advocate for legislative changes to decriminalise private, consensual homosexual activities among adult males. In a related development, the New Zealand Societies for the Protection of Home and Family announced its intention to urge the Government to prioritise the updating of the Child Welfare Act, which has been in place for 41 years, and to seek information regarding proposed replacement legislation.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670419_2_27.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670419.2.27,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-85406400
4285,03,05,1967,"“Ulysses” (Press, 3 May 1967)","On 3 May 1967, various letters were published expressing concerns and criticisms regarding the film ""Ulysses,"" which was subject to censorship and segregation of audiences by sex. The correspondence highlights the absurdity of the film censor’s claims that extreme emotional responses evoked by the film could not be shared between men and women in a cinema setting. One letter from Graham Riley questions what specific human emotion is so problematic that it cannot be experienced together in the dark, implying that the censor’s stance reflects an unusual perspective that may not resonate with traditional heterosexual experiences. He sarcastically wonders if attending the film would lead to assumptions about his sexual orientation. Another letter, attributed to a ""Father of Six,"" inquires about practical matters regarding audience segregation, such as toilet facilities for women in a theatre predominantly filled with men and how the authorities would differentiate between the sexes given that many males may have long hair that could appear feminine. This highlights a concern about the logistics and fairness of enforcing such segregation. Lastly, a writer using the pseudonym Sartor Resartus raises further questions about the implications of enforced separation, questioning how authorities could ensure that those sitting next to one another are not homosexual, thereby continuing the discourse on the complexities and prejudices behind the film's censorship and the societal anxieties surrounding sexuality. The letters reflect a blend of humour, frustration, and societal critique regarding the restrictions placed on cinema audiences at the time.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670503_2_135_3.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670503.2.135.3,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-84196800
4286,06,05,1967,"Liberal Views In Reply To Article (Press, 6 May 1967)","An article published in the Anglican publication ""New Christian"" discusses the evolving views among British clergymen regarding homosexuality, particularly in the context of love and relationships. Dr. Norman Pittenger from King’s College, Cambridge, shared insights following the receipt of letters in response to his previous writings on homosexuality. He revealed that a significant number of clergy members are beginning to accept the notion that homosexuality should not be viewed as sinful when it involves genuine love between individuals. Dr. Pittenger noted that these clergymen believe homosexuals who love one another should not be considered ""sinners"" solely based on their sexual orientation, and that the acts stemming from such love are not inherently sinful. In their roles as confessors and pastoral counsellors, these clergymen have aimed to alleviate the intense guilt felt by many homosexuals by focusing on the concept of God's unconditional love and understanding of the homosexual experience. They highlighted God's readiness to bless those who maintain a loving and caring relationship. Importantly, those who contributed to the discussion did not endorse promiscuity or male prostitution, instead advocating for homosexual individuals to pursue stable, faithful relationships with one partner, reinforcing the importance of commitment and love. This shift in perspective marks a significant point of discussion within the church regarding the acceptance and understanding of homosexual relationships in the context of Christian teachings.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670506_2_135.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670506.2.135,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-83937600
4287,24,05,1967,"Move To Exclude Homosexuals (Press, 24 May 1967)","On 23 May 1967, the United States Supreme Court delivered a significant ruling regarding the status of homosexuals in relation to immigration laws. In a 6-3 decision, the Court determined that homosexuals were ineligible for admission into the United States, falling under the classification of “afflicted with psychopathic personality” as outlined in the Immigration and Naturalisation Act. This ruling arose from a case concerning the deportation of an alien to Canada who had admitted to engaging in homosexual acts both before and after entering the United States. Justice Tom C. Clark, who represented the majority opinion, clarified that the alien was not being deported for actions taken after entering the country but rather for inherent characteristics present at the time of entry. This ruling reflects the societal attitudes towards homosexuality during this period, defining it through a psychological lens that deemed it as deviant behaviour. In contrast, Justice William O. Douglas, in his dissent, argued against the terminology of “psychopathic personality.” He cautioned that such labels could be as misleading and dangerous as terms like ‘Communist’ or ‘Bolshevik’, suggesting that they could unfairly target individuals merely for their unpopularity. Justice Douglas contended that the term was excessively vague and did not meet constitutional standards necessary for the imposition of penalties or punishment. This ruling not only set a legal precedent regarding the treatment of homosexuals within the context of immigration law but also reflected the broader societal challenges and discriminations faced by the LGBTQ+ community during the 1960s in America. The Court's decision sparked discussions about the implications of such classifications and the need for more precise standards in law.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670524_2_141.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670524.2.141,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-82382400
4288,07,06,1967,"Homosexuality Laws Defended (Press, 7 June 1967)","In a speech to the Christchurch Lions Club on 6 June 1967, Detective Superintendent F. A. Gordon expressed strong opposition to any relaxation of laws against homosexuality. He argued that allowing homosexuality to be normative would expose the youth to significant degradation and societal dangers. He projected a grim vision of a future where acceptance of homosexuality could lead to increased moral degradation, referencing a potential scenario where cities would be inundated with those he characterised as ""pimps, ponces, pansies, pussyfoots, and perverts.” Gordon was particularly critical of a recent meeting in Wellington where attendees suggested that current laws on homosexuality did not benefit the community. He dismissed the notion that only a minority—specifically homosexuals—would welcome such changes, labelling the potential for legalisation as dangerous and disastrous. He acknowledged that while some individuals might have latent homosexual tendencies due to various reasons, these individuals could potentially seek treatment and remain non-offending under the current laws. However, Gordon reserved his strongest condemnation for what he referred to as ""the pervert,"" arguing that this group posed a threat to societal norms and decency. He expressed concern that legalising homosexuality would lead to an unrestricted environment for deviancy, which he deemed unacceptable. He further stressed that the notion of such behaviour remaining confined to private settings was a fallacy, emphasising that societal acceptance could open the floodgates to more overt expressions of deviance. He then drew parallels between homosexuality and other societal issues, drawing an analogy to prostitution, where he implied that the latter, while problematic, could be seen as less harmful than the supposed implications of legalising homosexual practices. In a wider context, he connected these views to the ongoing concerns regarding drug use, arguing against providing special privileges to homosexuals while also allowing for the deregulation of drug use. Gordon closed his address by equating the legalisation of homosexual acts to other morally reprehensible actions that society currently regulates, such as rape and theft. His speech underscored a deeply conservative outlook and a strong belief that maintaining existing laws was essential for protecting societal values and the youth against what he considered moral decay.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670607_2_142.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670607.2.142,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-81172800
4289,09,06,1967,"Homosexual Law (Press, 9 June 1967)","On 9 June 1967, a series of letters were published in response to comments made by Detective Superintendent F. A. Gordon regarding homosexuality laws in New Zealand. Gordon defended the current laws, suggesting that repealing them would lead to societal decay, describing it as becoming ""a nation of queers."" Critics, including Michael B. Jameson and Jan Farr, expressed their disapproval of Gordon's remarks, arguing that the existing laws contribute to significant societal issues, including suicide and blackmail. Jameson specifically highlighted the lack of legal restrictions on female homosexuals compared to their male counterparts and noted the absence of support for unmarried mothers abandoned by their partners. Farr, in her response, voiced her preference for abstaining from societal issues rather than aligning herself with Gordon's views, which she found limiting. Another correspondent, identifying as ""Graduate,"" critiqued Gordon’s remarks as indicative of ignorance and prejudice. This letter called into question the neutrality of police administration considering Gordon's vocal opposition to male homosexuality without addressing female homosexuality, suggesting a double standard. In response to the critical letters, Gordon maintained his stance, stating that the correspondents were entitled to their opinions just as he was to his. He claimed to be well-read on the subject, including the Wolfenden Report, which has received acclaim for advocating a more progressive stance on homosexuality. Gordon asserted his long experience in law enforcement had given him insight into the societal troubles associated with what he termed ""the pervert,"" while he considered non-offending homosexuals as innocuous and worthy of sympathy. He concluded by emphasising his primary concern for the well-being of the youth.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670609_2_89_4.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670609.2.89.4,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-81000000
4290,10,06,1967,"Homosexual Law (Press, 10 June 1967)","In June 1967, a series of letters published in a New Zealand newspaper addressed the contentious issue of homosexuality, particularly focusing on the comments made by Detective Superintendent Gordon regarding homosexuals and societal attitudes towards them. Frances Miller expressed concern that Gordon's remarks were unhelpful and damaging, as they lacked an understanding of how to provide support to individuals with different sexual orientations. She highlighted that the police have limited training to assist these individuals meaningfully. Claude Tanner, a committee member of the newly formed New Zealand Homosexual Law Reform Society, responded to Miller’s letter, indicating the society's objective to reform laws that currently criminalise consensual homosexual acts between adult males in private, while maintaining that seduction of minors should remain a criminal offence. Tanner argued that there is a distinction between true homosexuals and those who might harm minors, suggesting that true homosexuals could be wrongly associated with such criminal acts. Another letter from a parent invoked a university text suggesting that all individuals go through a homosexual phase during their development. This letter implied that those who do not navigate this phase might be deemed ""sick"" according to police definitions of homosexuality, which the writer critiqued. A contrasting view was expressed by another correspondent, who supported Gordon's stance against legalising male homosexuality. This writer believed that such legalisation could lead to moral decay, claiming that the majority of society shares these sentiments. He argued that a small number of homosexuals facing dire consequences, including suicide, is an acceptable cost to prevent what he termed “contamination” of youth. Lastly, a letter addressed concerns regarding the arrest of a doctor in the United States for acting according to his conscience, with a writer noting that such events, while deplorable, should serve as a warning to avoid similar developments in New Zealand. Overall, these letters reflected a broad spectrum of opinions on homosexuality, illustrating a societal divide on the topic, and indicated an ongoing debate about both legal reform and the perception of homosexual individuals within society during that period.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670610_2_102_4.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670610.2.102.4,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-80913600
4291,12,06,1967,"Homosexual Law (Press, 12 June 1967)","In a letter published on 12 June 1967, a writer named D. Johnson responds to Detective Superintendent Gordon's concerns about proposed changes to laws regulating homosexual behaviour. Johnson critiques Gordon's assertion that such changes might lead to the nation becoming ""a nation of queers"" and questions the implication that many would choose to become active homosexuals simply because the laws might be relaxed. He points out that the proposed amendments would not eliminate existing laws addressing public indecency or soliciting, thereby preventing any potential for homosexuals to ""overrun"" cities. He argues that the notion of granting homosexuals an ""open licence"" to act as they please is flawed, as such liberties do not apply even to heterosexuals. Johnson expresses a belief that the current laws should be revised, noting that he and his wife do not fear their homosexual friend and dismissing the idea that homosexuals are inherently harmful or dangerous. He also highlights the unrealistic expectations of those who believe that the existing laws adequately protect society. Johnson raises a concern regarding homosexuals who feel compelled to enter disastrous marriages due to societal pressures and existing legal constraints, suggesting that the legal changes could lead to an overall healthier society. His plea is for a more rational approach to understanding homosexual relationships and their place within the law.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670612_2_116_3.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670612.2.116.3,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-80740800
4292,13,06,1967,"Homosexual Law (Press, 13 June 1967)","In a series of letters to the editor, various individuals express their views regarding comments made by Detective Superintendent F.A. Gordon on issues surrounding indecency and homosexuality in New Zealand, particularly in light of complaints the police face when investigating these matters. One writer, Varian J. Wilson, agrees with Gordon's remarks, advocating for continued penal reform and increased treatment opportunities, while emphasising the need for law enforcement to first address apprehended individuals suspected of perversion. Wilson notes that there were no homosexuals in New Zealand prisons for offences involving adults at the time, suggesting that reforms are not addressing behaviour he deems harmful to society. In contrast, another correspondent, Carolus Le Heux, invokes biblical scripture, arguing that the moral framework provided by faith condemns homosexuality as a sin but offers forgiveness for those who repent. Le Heux seems to call for a more reverent discussion grounded in religious belief, hinting that a moral decline leads to social degradation. A letter from an anonymous writer labelled as “Graduate” raises concerns about the implications of Gordon's and the police's stance on fairness and prejudice in administrative practices. They argue that current laws prevent individuals convicted of homosexual acts from holding public office or serving in the public sector, which restricts any possibility of reforming these laws from within. This writer suggests that the exclusionary practices in legislation indicate a bias that necessitates scrutiny. A final letter, signed by “Grateful Mother,” sends support towards Detective Superintendent Gordon's efforts. The writer expresses concern over the potential normalisation of homosexuality and its perceived dangers to the health of future generations. They argue that the promotion of homosexual rights would lead to societal decay and advocate rallying behind Gordon in his mission to protect the well-being of youth. Overall, the correspondence reflects a deep divide in societal views on homosexuality, revealing a struggle between reformist perspectives and traditional moral objections during a time of evolving attitudes concerning sexual orientation and indecency laws in New Zealand in 1967.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670613_2_116_3.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670613.2.116.3,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-80654400
7715,14,06,1967,"“minister To Pansies And Policemen” (Press, 14 June 1967)","In a letter to the Presbytery of Christchurch, Rev. W. J. Schrader, chaplain at St Andrew's College, called for positive action to minister to various groups of people, including those often marginalised by society such as homosexuals. During the monthly meeting of the Presbytery on 14 June 1967, Schrader expressed strong criticism of the views on homosexuality expressed by Detective Superintendent F. A. Gordon. He argued that while everyone is entitled to their opinion, Gordon's remarks were overly simplistic and failed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the issue. Schrader pointed out that such statements can lead to a skewed perception of homosexuals, creating further alienation from the community. He highlighted that those identifying as homosexuals often find themselves isolated, facing prejudice and misunderstanding rather than the compassion and support they need. The Rev. Schrader emphasised the importance of a more enlightened approach within the church, particularly in light of the formation of a Wolfenden Committee in New Zealand, which suggests a growing recognition of the complexities surrounding homosexuality. He contended that the church should engage more deeply with these issues to better support all individuals, regardless of their sexual orientation, and reassure those who may feel excluded from society. The letter serves as a reminder of the church's role in fostering understanding and compassion among its members towards those living in different social environments.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670614_2_198.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670614.2.198,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-80568000
4293,14,06,1967,"Homosexual Law (Press, 14 June 1967)","In a series of letters published on 14 June 1967, various correspondents expressed their views on the issue of homosexuality and the potential reform of laws concerning it. K. Chamberlain highlighted the complexities surrounding treatment for homosexuals, noting that many individuals in the homosexual community resign to feeling ""different"" and may not even seek treatment due to its current ineffectiveness. Chamberlain argued against the idea of enforced treatment in penal systems and pointed out the importance of distinguishing between paedophiles, who can offend against both genders, and the ""true"" homosexuals, who generally do not engage with minors. The writer asserted that current reformers seek changes in law specifically for the latter group and that safeguards for minors could be integrated into any new legislation. They also mentioned that evidence suggests youthful homosexual experiences do not necessarily lead to later homosexual activity. In contrast, another correspondent, writing under the name Vulcan, discussed the definition of homosexuality and presented a concern that not all homosexuals exhibit outwardly effeminate traits. Vulcan referred to the potential for psychological treatment and suggested that instead of reforming laws to accommodate homosexuals, legislation should focus on incorporating treatment options for those who experience homosexual desires. Another letter, from a writer identified as Parent, condemned homosexuality and expressed concern about its implications for young people. Parent suggested that police, despite their integrity, could inadvertently harm youths by using derogatory terms. They argued that societal standards should return to a more traditional framework, stating that homosexuality is undesirable and advocating for its elimination rather than legalisation. The writer drew historical parallels to Victorian England, indicating that similar measures could potentially banish homosexuality in present times, akin to the situation in modern Russia. These letters reflect a diversity of opinions regarding homosexuality, treatment, and the law, alongside the broader societal attitudes of the time. The correspondents grappled with complex issues of morality, legality, and psychological health, deliberating on the appropriate response to homosexual behaviour within the framework of the law and social standards.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670614_2_154_5.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670614.2.154.5,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-80568000
4294,14,06,1967,"Homosexual Law (Press, 14 June 1967)","On 14 June 1967, the secretary of the New Zealand Homosexual Law Reform Society, Mr J. W. Goodwin from Wellington, expressed concerns regarding comments made by Detective Superintendent Gordon, who gave what Goodwin referred to as an unofficial opinion on the reform of homosexual laws. Goodwin emphasised the need for transparency, suggesting that the public should know the identities of those advocating for legal changes in this area. The New Zealand Homosexual Law Reform Society was recently founded during a well-attended meeting in Wellington, which resulted in the establishment of a committee comprising various professionals dedicated to advocating for reform. The committee included members from diverse backgrounds: F. Davidge, a school teacher, M. Eggers, a public servant, J. W. Goodwin himself as an editor, B. Neels, a social worker, C. Parkin, a philosophy lecturer at Victoria University, C. G. Pottinger, a barrister and solicitor, S. W. Ransom, chief personnel officer for an industrial organisation, Dr. J. H. Robb, a sociology professor at Victoria University of Wellington, W. J. Scott, a former principal of the Wellington Teachers’ College, Mrs O. Smuts-Kennedy, a barrister and city councillor, and Mr C. Tanner from the National Orchestra. Goodwin defended the committee’s efforts, stating that they are pursuing a lawful and rational approach towards reform and should not face emotional backlash from law enforcement. He announced that a constitution for the society would be presented at an upcoming meeting, which is expected to feature a talk by the student counsellor from Victoria University. Mr Goodwin closed his statement by urging the public to choose between emotional responses and rational discourse in the face of the ongoing debate regarding homosexual law reform.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670614_2_155.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670614.2.155,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-80568000
4295,15,06,1967,"Homosexual Law (Press, 15 June 1967)","On 15 June 1967, a series of letters were published in response to discussions surrounding homosexuality and the law in New Zealand. R.C. Stewart pointed out the apparent injustice of existing laws, noting that while female homosexuals faced little legal restraint, male homosexuals were treated as criminals. He suggested that this disparity stemmed from personal prejudice and a lack of compassion among law enforcement, and called for a more enlightened approach from reformers and church leaders. J.M. Tanner contended that societal measures aimed at banishing homosexuals would not reduce their numbers and argued that the underground existence of homosexuality, often linked to prostitution, indicates that ignorance and fear only exacerbate the issue. Tanner compared the treatment of homosexuals to the historical mistreatment of the mentally ill, suggesting that a more enlightened attitude is necessary. In another letter, D. Rae defended the talks by Mr Gordon to the Lions Club, which aimed to inform the public about homosexuality. Rae criticised those who attacked Gordon for failing to tackle other societal issues during his address, stating that focusing on homosexuality specifically was valid. Rae provocatively suggested that if homosexuality is considered a disease, there should be legal provisions for it to be treated as such. T.M. Shaw, on the other hand, labelled homosexuals as moral perverts and expressed a belief that they should be cured or punished, reinforcing a more punitive view. Furthermore, Varian J. Wilson raised concerns about the reformers' approaches, arguing that placing the age of consent for homosexuals at 21 recognised homosexual relationships as crimes in the eyes of society. He emphasised the need for legal protection for vulnerable individuals regardless of sexual orientation. Phred questioned the misconception that lifting laws against homosexuality would lead to an increase in its prevalence, insisting that a significant number of homosexuals desire to change their orientation. Another correspondent, signing off as “DISGUSTED,” expressed disdain for the sympathy extended towards homosexuals, invoking biblical references to condemn their behaviour. A.B. Cedarian highlighted a concern that proposed legal reforms could portray New Zealand as a nation that condones homosexuality, an image they believe should be avoided—prioritising the self-interest of society over the plight of homosexuals. Finally, one writer called for investigations into the root causes of homosexuality, advocating for a compassionate approach separate from judgment. The letters collectively reflect a spectrum of opinions, ranging from calls for reform and understanding to vehement opposition and insistence on the moral responsibilities of society.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670615_2_111_5.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670615.2.111.5,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-80481600
4296,16,06,1967,"Homosexual Law (Press, 16 June 1967)","On 16 June 1967, a number of letters were published in response to a discussion on the legal and moral implications of homosexuality, triggered by comments from Varian J. Wilson. These correspondents express varied views regarding the nature of homosexuality and its treatment under the law. K. Chamberlain criticises Wilson's assertion that morality should guide legal boundaries, arguing that some immoral acts indeed warrant legal sanctions. He points out that there are no incarcerated individuals purely for homosexuality due to its private nature, as opposed to acts that disturb public order. Chamberlain asserts that reformers acknowledge homosexuality might be a perversion but maintain that unenforceable laws, like those against homosexuality, ultimately harm society rather than help it. J. S. Tanner argues from a psychological perspective, suggesting that morality requires choice and that most homosexuals do not choose their orientation. Tanner believes that punishment cannot change one's sexual orientation and says that public disapproval serves as a sufficient deterrent. He expresses sympathy for those who grapple with desires they cannot control and condemns societal persecution of homosexuals as either ignorant or immoral. Another letter, which remains unsigned, defends homosexuals by challenging the notion of them as “subhumans.” The writer, identifying as a heterosexual, recounts positive experiences with openly gay individuals, countering stereotypes of homosexuals as predators. They warn against the dangers of applying broad laws based on flawed perceptions, comparing historical extremes of moral policing to those who demonise homosexuals. Responding to the ongoing debate, an author named Broad-Minded suggests that society could benefit from legalising homosexuality for individuals over 21, similar to laws in Holland and Scandinavian countries. They argue that such reform would lead to a decrease in child exploitation, advocating for a more understanding and open-minded approach to homosexuality. Overall, the correspondence reflects a significant tension in societal views on homosexuality in 1967, with calls for reform countering traditional assumptions about morality and legality. The letters collectively advocate for greater understanding and acceptance of homosexuals, questioning the validity of existing prejudices and the effectiveness of current laws.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670616_2_128_6.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670616.2.128.6,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-80395200
7716,17,06,1967,"Bishop’s View On Homosexuality (Press, 17 June 1967)","On 17 June 1967, the Bishop of Christchurch, the Rt Rev. W. A. Pyatt, addressed the ongoing public discussion surrounding the laws regarding homosexuality. He expressed his inclination to agree with the liberal perspective of the Church of England Moral Welfare Council in Britain. According to Bishop Pyatt, the council's views significantly influenced the Wolfenden report, which dealt with issues of homosexuality and legal reform. Additionally, the news reported that Mr. J. W. G. Davidson from Wellington has been appointed as a service member of the Public Service Appeal Board, effective from May 1967, for a term of three years.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670617_2_102.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670617.2.102,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-80308800
4297,17,06,1967,"Homosexual Law (Press, 17 June 1967)","In a series of letters to the editor published on 17 June 1967, various authors expressed their views on the sensitive topic of homosexuality and the education system in New Zealand, reflecting on ongoing legal discussions about reforming laws related to homosexual acts between consenting adults. John Dobson’s letter highlighted his concern about the education system in light of police support for existing laws, which he described as hypocritical per the Bishop of Woolwich. He noted that progressive reform is gaining traction in Britain, where significant support from various Christian leaders aims to align laws more humanely, leaving West Germany as the last European country maintaining such prohibitions. Barry Neels of the New Zealand Homosexual Law Reform Society challenged claims that there were no homosexuals in New Zealand prisons for offences against adults, asserting this was not backed by the Justice Department. He criticised the lack of honest sex education at home, suggesting it as a solution for fostering healthy relationships instead of relying on strict policing. Another contributor, identifying as ""Bible Student,"" referenced Biblical texts to illustrate their beliefs about homosexuality, attributing its prevalence to a moral decline and advocating a return to divine principles as a remedy. In contrast, a writer known as ""Mere Woman"" condemned the approach of treating homosexuality as criminal, arguing that such individuals should receive compassionate care from medical professionals, rather than punitive measures from the police. In response to these exchanges, A. B. Cedarian expressed a belief in maintaining the current laws against homosexuality, citing the potential risks of normalising homosexual practices in public spaces. This letter suggested that the existing legal framework serves community interests and that only a minuscule percentage of the population is affected by such laws. Together, these letters illustrate a significant clash of opinions regarding sexuality, legality, and ethics within the societal context of 1967 New Zealand, showing a community grappling with complex issues of morality, law, and personal rights. The correspondence was concluded by the editor of ""The Press,"" indicating a strong public interest in the subject and an ongoing debate about the place of homosexual law reform in society.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670617_2_101_3.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670617.2.101.3,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-80308800
4298,21,06,1967,"‘Bigotry’ On Homosexuality (Press, 21 June 1967)","On 21 June 1967, Mr P. H. T. Alpers, a Christchurch lawyer, addressed the New Brighton Lions' Club, arguing against the condemnation of homosexuals as depraved. He asserted that the high rates of venereal disease and illegitimacy among heterosexuals in Christchurch rendered it one of the most immoral cities globally. While acknowledging that some homosexual acts could not be labelled as loving, he also critiqued heterosexual behaviour and suggested that heterosexuals had no grounds for pride. Alpers expressed his belief that the imprisonment of homosexuals was detrimental, as it drove them further into their sexual identity. He noted that societal attitudes towards homosexuality were heavily influenced by prejudice and ignorance, which hindered open discussion. According to him, societal abhorrence and condemnation exacerbated the shame felt by homosexuals, leading them to isolate themselves and sometimes engage in more extreme behaviours. The lawyer highlighted that many common judicial statements, such as ""This man has corrupted these boys,"" were misguided. He argued that attempting to 'corrupt' a boy does not automatically make him homosexual, noting that early sexual exploration among boys, which included masturbation, often did not result in homosexuality. He claimed that the boys most likely to develop an orientation towards homosexuality were those who felt disgusted and ashamed of adolescent sexual activities rather than those who openly engaged in them. Despite acknowledging discussions such as the Wolfenden Report advocating for changes in the legal approach to homosexuality, Alpers believed significant legal reform in New Zealand was unlikely in the near future, likening the issue to the complex topic of licensing laws. He argued that homosexuality, though deemed unnatural by some, was common in nature, historical society, and even praised in certain cultures. Alpers associated childhood experiences with early sexual orientation development, suggesting that excessive maternal possessiveness or a lack of female interaction could influence boys towards homosexuality. He indicated that this phenomenon was rooted in early family dynamics rather than being a product of heredity or infection. In terms of religious perspectives, Alpers noted a shift among clergy concerning homosexuality. Some churchmen now regarded feelings of attraction as not inherently wrong, although there remained division on whether homosexual practices constituted a sin. He pointed out that homosexuality appeared to be present across all societal classes and that there was no evidence to suggest it was on the rise or decline. Concluding his remarks, Alpers stated that societal attitudes should lean towards ignoring but not condoning homosexual practices, dismissing recommendations like castration as fundamentally unhelpful and uninformed.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670621_2_187.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670621.2.187,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-79963200
4299,28,06,1967,"Magistrate’s Court Two Years’ Imprisonment On 36... (Press, 28 June 1967)","Martin O’Keefe, a 24-year-old hotel steward, was sentenced to two years in prison following his appearance in the Magistrate’s Court on 28 June 1967. O’Keefe faced a total of 36 charges including 28 counts of false pretences, four counts of fraud, two counts of theft, and other offences, including escaping custody. The crimes were committed in various locations across New Zealand over the course of two months. Magistrate Mr E. A. Lee noted O’Keefe's history of dishonesty, emphasising the inevitable need for a long sentence due to his record. O’Keefe was previously discharged from prison in March 1967. Cyril Allan Kemp, aged 24, was sentenced to six months' imprisonment for attempting to induce another male into an indecent act. The court heard from Kemp’s counsel that his homosexuality was a problem for which prison was ineffective, suggesting treatment instead. However, the magistrate dismissed this argument, stating that treatment was only effective if sought voluntarily. Kemp's history of similar offences contributed to the verdict. Laurence Ian Geddis, 20, was remanded for sentencing after pleading guilty to multiple charges involving the cashing of valueless cheques totalling £330 10s. He had fled to Australia after the offences but returned to New Zealand, where he expressed a desire to repay the money obtained through fraudulent means. The court allowed Geddis bail while awaiting a probation report. Vincent Harold Cant, a plasterer, received a year of probation instead of imprisonment for defrauding a company over a television receiver, revealing his financial difficulties after losing work. Douglas Haig Anderson, a 49-year-old freezing worker, was fined £40 and banned from driving for three years due to operating a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol. Other cases highlighted included Kenneth Shane Stevens, who received four months’ imprisonment for unlawfully taking a car, and various minor offences resulting in fines for theft and bankruptcy-related charges. David John Forrester, previously released from prison for similar offences, was sentenced to four months for burglary, reflecting a concerning pattern of recidivism in the court. The court dealt with multiple traffic violations, imposing fines on several individuals for speeding and other driving offences. Additionally, charges of theft and dishonourable financial transactions were announced, demonstrating a variety of criminal behaviours that occupied the court's attention. The stories reviewed during this session of the Magistrate’s Court illustrate the ongoing challenges of crime and rehabilitation in society, as the judiciary grappled with effectively addressing both the roots and consequences of dishonesty and criminal behaviour in the community.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670628_2_117.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670628.2.117,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-79358400
4300,06,07,1967,"Commons Approval Of Bill Welcomed (Press, 6 July 1967)","On 5 July 1967, the House of Commons in the United Kingdom approved legislation that legalises homosexual acts in private between consenting males. The decision was met with enthusiasm from the New Zealand Homosexual Reform Society, whose secretary, Mr J. W. Goodwin, expressed optimism about the implications of this legal change. Mr Goodwin noted that it took Britain a decade to act on the recommendations of the Wolfenden report, which had advocated for the decriminalisation of homosexual behaviour. He voiced hope that a similar reform would not take too long to occur in New Zealand. The society's stance is that homosexuality is a matter of civil liberties and should be left to individual conscience. Mr Goodwin reiterated that their group does not seek moral approval for homosexual behaviour but advocates for legal reforms that ensure adequate protection for minors. Their constitution, which will be registered under the Incorporated Societies Act the following week, reflects this philosophy. The organisation sees the British legislation as a progressive step and a potential catalyst for change in New Zealand's legal stance on homosexuality.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670706_2_213.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670706.2.213,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-78667200
4301,07,07,1967,"Homosexual Bill Passed (Press, 7 July 1967)","On 6 July 1967, the House of Commons in London passed a significant bill legalising homosexual acts in private between consenting adult males after an intense eight-hour debate. The bill was approved by a free, nonparty vote of 99 to 14. Home Secretary Roy Jenkins hailed the legislation as an ""important piece of social legislation"" that is now on its way to becoming law. Jenkins noted that there has been a considerable shift in public and parliamentary opinion since the bill was first introduced by Labour Party member Leo Abse seven years prior. The bill's approval was met with cheers from members of the House, which saw many coming forward to congratulate Abse. Supporters argued that the legislation would help eliminate common issues of espionage blackmail that have historically affected homosexual diplomats and public officials. Reports from the 1950s indicated that some British diplomats defected to the Soviet Union partly due to fears of being blackmailed over their sexual orientation. Despite the overall support, the bill faced strong opposition, with some critics attempting to delay the vote through various parliamentary tactics. During the lengthy debate, the government maintained a neutral position, while the opposition expressed concerns about the implications of legalising homosexuality. They argued that such moves jeopardised the moral fabric of society. Notable opposition came from Conservative Sir Cyril Osborne, who expressed disdain for what he perceived as a trend of adapting democracy to accommodate various societal elements he disapproved of. Jenkins emphasised that the bill was not an endorsement of homosexuality but rather a response to the difficulties faced by individuals dealing with stigma, loneliness, and guilt associated with their sexual orientation. He stated that the essential question was whether these individuals should also be subjected to criminal prosecution in addition to their existing struggles. He further pledged that if the bill became law, he would consider remitting the sentences of those currently imprisoned for acts that would no longer be criminalised. It was noted that the legislation would not change the status of homosexual behaviour within the armed forces, where it would still be considered an offence. The bill is expected to move to the House of Lords later in the week for further consideration. With an estimated population of between 500,000 to one million homosexuals in Britain, the advancement of this bill represents a crucial shift in the legal and social landscape regarding homosexuality in the UK.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670707_2_57.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670707.2.57,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-78580800
4302,22,07,1967,"Homosexual Charges (Press, 22 July 1967)","In a letter published on 22 July 1967, a writer expressed support for a recent decision made by Mr H. J. Evans, S.M, in the Magistrate's Court. During a hearing, two individuals facing charges related to homosexual practices were discharged without conviction. The author commended the Magistrate for his courage in making this ruling, anticipating that it would provoke outrage among some sections of the public. The writer urged those who might react negatively to take the time to review the Magistrate’s detailed reasoning prior to passing judgement on him. They referenced the findings of the Wolfenden Committee, which recommended that consensual homosexual acts between adults in private should not be subject to criminal penalties. The letter reiterated the Committee’s assertion that areas of private morality and immorality should not involve legal intervention. The writer concluded the letter by reaffirming their belief in the importance of maintaining a distinction between personal morality and the law.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670722_2_80_6.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670722.2.80.6,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-77284800
4303,22,07,1967,"Magistrate’s Court Discretion Exercised For... (Press, 22 July 1967)","On 22 July 1967, in a notable case at the Magistrate's Court, the Senior Magistrate H.J. Evans exercised his discretion when vacating convictions against two men charged with committing indecent acts upon each other. The offences occurred on 29 June, and both men had pleaded guilty. Despite the convictions, the men were discharged without conviction under section 42 of the Criminal Justice Act, but were required to pay $30 each towards the prosecution costs and undergo psychiatric or medical examinations as directed by the senior probation officer within the next two years. In his ruling, Evans highlighted that the acts were consensual and took place in private, with no public corruption involved. He pointed out the ""heavy overtones of blackmail"" surrounding the charges, as they were based solely on the men's admissions to the police. While the law permitted a maximum sentence of five years’ imprisonment for the offences, the magistrate argued that adhering strictly to maximum sentences would overlook significant shifts in public opinion regarding homosexual acts, particularly following the Wolfenden Report in 1957, which initiated discussions around decriminalising such activities. Evans noted that on the day one defendant was charged, the House of Commons in England was advancing legislation to amend the law, allowing consensual homosexual acts in private between adults to be decriminalised. He also recognised that leaders of the Established Church in England supported this legal reform. Evans observed that changes were also emerging in New Zealand, including the abolition of flogging as a punishment for sexual offences in 1941 and a reduction of the maximum sentence for homosexual acts from ten years to five years in 1961. The magistrate expressed the importance of acknowledging societal shifts and responsible public opinion that echoed what was happening in England. He regarded Section 42 as providing the court with the necessary flexibility to respond to these changes. Evans understood that using this section to discharge a defendant without conviction was a rare exercise of discretion and not a right claimed by defendants. He acknowledged that other magistrates might view the case differently, underlining that his decision was based on what he deemed just and appropriate, especially in light of prevalent societal prejudices associated with homosexuality. Ultimately, Evans sought to balance his obligation to the law with a recognition of evolving public sentiment, contributing to the ongoing discourse around the treatment of homosexual acts within the justice system.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670722_2_146.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670722.2.146,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-77284800
4304,24,07,1967,"Homosexual Charges (Press, 24 July 1967)","A series of letters published in response to the decision of Magistrate H. J. Evans to discharge without conviction two men charged with homosexual acts has sparked debate on issues of legality, morality, and societal attitudes towards homosexuality in New Zealand. The first letter, from Varian J. Wilson, expresses support for the decision but criticises the lengthy address given by the magistrate, which he felt was irrelevant and failed to provide sufficient facts for public consideration. Wilson points out that the private nature of the acts is questionable, especially when they resulted in police involvement over financial disputes that hinted at blackmail. He draws a parallel to female prostitution, suggesting that similar acts would not be condoned if held under public scrutiny. In a subsequent letter, another writer commends Evans for his judgement, acknowledging that while New Zealand's criminal code still imposes heavy penalties for homosexual acts, the recent legislative developments in England towards legalising homosexual relations between consenting males in private reflects a shift in societal attitudes. The writer deems Evans' decision as courageous, considering the significant public opinion in favour of change. Contrarily, another correspondent criticises the magistrate's decision for conforming to external influences rather than fostering local progress on such moral issues. This writer compares New Zealand’s tendency to replicate British attitudes to that of a farm, suggesting that the country should aspire toward more independent and progressive legal and social reforms rather than following in the footsteps of Britain. They express concern that while British legislation may suggest a form of consent, it may overlook the complexities and potential consequences surrounding such consent in practice. Overall, the exchange reflects a complex dialogue about the intersection of law, private behaviour, and broader societal values regarding sexuality during a time of evolving attitudes toward homosexuality. The letters underline the struggle between upholding existing legal frameworks and the push for more modern, humane perspectives on personal relationships, emphasising the need for reflection on New Zealand’s own legal identity apart from colonial influences.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670724_2_84_7.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670724.2.84.7,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-77112000
4305,25,07,1967,"Homosexual Charges (Press, 25 July 1967)","On 25 July 1967, a public discussion emerged around recent magistrate decisions related to homosexual acts, highlighting differing perspectives on the influence of public opinion and the law. One letter, signed by ""VULCAN,"" expressed concern that the magisterial decisions were swayed by a small but vocal group advocating for changes in the law to accommodate homosexuality. VULCAN argued that this group appeared disconnected from broader moral values and the welfare of family life, suggesting they lacked respect for women. Moreover, VULCAN contended that the support for legal change from leaders of the Established Church in England did not justify modifying local laws. The letter warned against making it easier for those considered morally weak to engage in behaviours that could undermine self-respect and societal standards. In contrast, another letter from ""SEX EQUALITY"" referenced a previous statement by Mr H. J. Evans, a judicial figure, who acknowledged the legal framework that deemed homosexual acts criminal, but conceded that no harm had been done to others in that specific case. This letter highlighted a shift in Evans's position, suggesting that legalistic interpretations overlooked individual liberties and the intrinsic nature of personal lives. SEX EQUALITY invoked the legacy of the Nuremburg trials to argue that man’s dignity surpasses flawed laws, positing that when laws unjustly persecute individuals, it is essential to create a higher moral law that aligns with humane values. The discourse reflects a tension between established legal standards and evolving societal attitudes toward homosexuality in New Zealand during that period.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670725_2_125_11.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670725.2.125.11,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-77025600
4306,26,07,1967,"Homosexual Charges (Press, 26 July 1967)","In a correspondence published in ""The Press"" on 26 July 1967, various writers expressed their views on a recent decision by a magistrate regarding the treatment of homosexual offences in New Zealand. One contributor, T.M.S., argued that a conviction for homosexuality would not further diminish the dignity of individuals already seen unfavourably by society. He cautioned against the potential for the nation to become more accepting of prostitution and sexual perversion, suggesting that individuals should feel compelled to keep their actions secret if they are to avoid punishment. In contrast, another writer, signing as MICHAELANGELO. PLATO. TCHAIKOVSKY, praised the magistrate, Mr H. J. Evans, for his bold and enlightened decision, asserting that it was significant in the larger context of individual rights versus state authority. He clarified that the magistrate had not changed the law but had applied it correctly, referencing a prior case where different facts had led to a different outcome. This decision, he claimed, could be considered one of the most important rulings from a New Zealand criminal court in recent years. A. B. CEDARIAN highlighted what he viewed as the moral implications of homosexual reform, suggesting that if advocates for homosexuality cannot prove its benefits, they risk causing psychological harm to many individuals. He argued that the current laws, although flawed, might deter individuals from pursuing ""unwholesome"" behaviours, noting that the suffering caused by prosecution must be weighed against the potential harms of legalising homosexuality. A concerned correspondent expressed shock at the magistrate's decision not to convict two men who openly admitted to engaging in homosexual acts. They noted that while England had legalised such practices for consenting males in private, no similar law existed in New Zealand. This writer anticipated that, should legislation permitting homosexual acts be introduced, it could lead to increased disregard for social restraint and a rise in homosexual behaviour, further asserting the need for treatment for those they deemed mentally unwell rather than acceptance of these practices. The correspondence indicates a significant debate within New Zealand about homosexuality, individual rights, and societal values at the time, with various perspectives revealing deep divisions in public opinion regarding the issue. The discussion was ultimately closed by the editorial team of ""The Press.""",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670726_2_94_5.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670726.2.94.5,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-76939200
4307,29,07,1967,"Archbishop Replies To Interpretation Of Christ (Press, 29 July 1967)","On 28 July 1967, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Michael Ramsey, responded to comments made by Canon Hugh Montefiore regarding the nature of Jesus's relationships. At the Modern Churchmen's Conference in Oxford, Canon Montefiore suggested that Jesus might have been a homosexual, stating that while women were friends of Jesus, it is men that he is said to have loved. He pointed out that Jesus remained unmarried, which was notable considering that marriage was common in the Middle Eastern society of the time. Montefiore posited that there could be three reasons for Jesus's single status: an inability to afford marriage, a lack of available partners, or a homosexual orientation. In his response, Dr. Ramsey firmly rejected Montefiore's assertions, stating that there is ""no evidence whatever"" to support such claims about Jesus. He expressed that Christians believe that Jesus interacted with both men and women in a manner befitting a perfect man, thus dismissing the suggestion that Jesus's relationships might have implied a homosexual inclination.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670729_2_110.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670729.2.110,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-76680000
4308,04,08,1967,"Crown To Appeal (Press, 4 August 1967)","On 4 August 1967, it was reported that the Crown will appeal to the Supreme Court following a magistrate's recent decision to discharge two men who had pleaded guilty to charges related to homosexual acts. Crown Solicitor Mr C. M. Roper indicated that he had been instructed to file the appeal, marking today as the last day for doing so. The decision in question occurred on 21 July when the Magistrate vacated the convictions of the two men, who were not named in the report, and discharged them without conviction, relying on section 42 of the Criminal Justice Act. Additionally, both men were mandated to participate in psychiatric or medical treatment as determined by the senior probation officer over the next two years. The men had previously faced sentencing before Mr H. J. Evans, S.M., on charges of committing and permitting indecent acts upon each other. The Magistrate explained that it would be unjust to overlook the ""movement of opinion"" regarding homosexuality, particularly in light of recent legislative changes in England, where a Bill was approved by the House of Commons on 6 July to decriminalise homosexual acts conducted in private between consenting adult males. The Magistrate expressed that his interpretation of section 42 of the Criminal Justice Act allowed for this consideration, highlighting his awareness that if his interpretation were to be contested, the Crown could appeal on the grounds of a legal error. Specifically, the Crown's right to appeal is established in section 107 of the Summary Proceedings Act, which allows either party dissatisfied with a magistrate's decision, and believing it to be legally erroneous, to appeal to the Supreme Court by presenting a case on a legal question.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670804_2_167.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670804.2.167,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-76161600
4309,07,08,1967,"Debate Advocated Before Homosexual Law Changes (Press, 7 August 1967)","On 6 August 1967, during a seminar at Otago University’s Faculty of Law, New Zealand’s Attorney-General, Mr Hanan, addressed the current sentiments surrounding laws against homosexuality. He articulated that the average New Zealander does not seem inclined to support any changes to existing laws prohibiting homosexual acts at this moment. Hanan highlighted the necessity for further debate and education on the implications of modifying such laws to ensure the public is adequately informed about the pros and cons. He pointed out a lack of political engagement from parties on this issue in New Zealand, suggesting that ordinary citizens may not be receptive to any alterations of the current legal framework. He did, however, note a growing interest from certain church leaders and university circles regarding the topic. Hanan referenced the changes that have taken place in England, where the issue has been more actively debated for years, raising a question about whether similar legislative changes would be justified in New Zealand over time. Hanan warned against hasty legislation, stating that premature changes could potentially generate substantial public resistance, ultimately delaying the implementation of desired reforms. He mentioned the Wolfenden Committee in the UK, which advocated that consensual homosexual acts between adults in private should not be criminalised, a recommendation that has sparked controversy in New Zealand as well. Hanan also rebutted arguments suggesting that decriminalising homosexual acts might lead to an increase in offences against children. He presented statistics indicating that only about 5 percent of the prison population had been convicted for offences involving males, both over and under 21 years, in 1964. He emphasised the distinct nature of legal frameworks concerning offences against children, stating there would be no intention to legalise homosexual acts against minors. Concerns were raised that relaxing homosexual laws would result in a surge of incidents, with Hanan critiquing this notion as implying that many men are deterred from homosexual behaviour solely due to the fear of legal repercussions. He argued that this perspective underestimates the inherent social sanctions that would still exist against homosexuality, regardless of legislative changes. In summary, Mr Hanan's remarks reflected a cautious stance on the potential reformation of homosexuality laws in New Zealand, advocating for informed discussion and careful consideration before any legislative action is undertaken.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670807_2_13.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670807.2.13,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-75902400
4310,09,08,1967,"The Press Wednesday, August 9, 1967. Public... (Press, 9 August 1967)","On 9 August 1967, a commentary published in The Press highlighted the Minister of Justice, Mr Hanan's, assertion that the general populace of New Zealand does not support changes to the laws concerning homosexuality. The article argues that this may stem from a lack of public engagement or understanding of the issue, rather than a fully formed opinion. It points out that societal prejudices significantly dictate the views held by the average citizen, leaving the legal framework regarding homosexuality unexamined due to insufficient public discourse. The piece emphasises that historically, predominantly Anglo-Saxon societies have viewed homosexuality as a serious societal offence, aligning it with notions of decency and community security. It contrasts this perspective with that of other cultures, which may not hold such stringent views on sexual behaviour, suggesting that societal fears around homosexuality could be more rooted in cultural biases than in inherent moral failings. The commentary acknowledges that while society discourages homosexuality, it also perpetuates environments that can provoke homosexual tendencies, such as in the prison system. It notes the longstanding interpretation of Christian doctrine, which has traditionally classified homosexuality as a more grave sin than various forms of heterosexual immorality. This perspective has influenced legal frameworks in Anglo-Saxon nations, where intervention against homosexuality is prevalent, while premarital and extramarital relations often go unpunished. The article references recent legal changes in Britain, which have narrowed the focus of laws concerning homosexuality to protecting minors from exploitation, suggesting that such a re-evaluation might also be warranted in New Zealand. However, it stresses the necessity for the New Zealand Legislature to actively engage in reassessing its laws rather than deferring to public opinion—which it describes as under-informed and prejudiced. Moreover, the piece calls for increased public education on homosexuality, indicating that a more informed citizenry could lead to a more progressive discourse on legal reform. It mentions the Wolfenden report in Britain, which sparked renewed conversations about homosexuality by encouraging more nuanced perspectives on moral and legal considerations. Ultimately, the article conveys that the Ministry of Justice, under Mr Hanan's leadership, is already knowledgeable about the complexities surrounding these issues. It suggests that even if Mr Hanan does not advocate for a change in law, it remains the Government's responsibility to facilitate public understanding of the homosexual community and consider the broader implications of existing laws.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670809_2_98.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670809.2.98,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-75729600
6559,17,08,1967,"Theatre British Satirical Comedy Next (Press, 17 August 1967)","The Canterbury Theatre Company is set to present two contemporary English theatre productions in the upcoming weeks. The first play, ""The Killing of Sister George,"" written by Frank Marcus, will debut on Saturday, August 26, 1967, for a six-day season. The second play, ""The Homecoming"" by Harold Pinter, will follow, opening on Tuesday, September 6, 1967, for five days. Both plays premiered in London in June 1965 and made their Broadway debuts in 1967, garnering significant acclaim from audiences and critics alike. ""The Killing of Sister George"" has been noted for its originality and unique classification, with critics struggling to label the work. It is described as a compelling mixture of satire, farce, and tragedy, while also being recognised as a milestone for its candid depiction of a lesbian relationship. The narrative revolves around Sister George, a character from a popular radio serial who faces potential cancellation as her ratings decline. The play explores themes of jealousy and insecurity within Sister George's tumultuous relationship with her younger flatmate, showcasing the emotional complexities experienced by both women. The cast features Kathleen Hilditch as June Buckridge, Barbara Latham as Childie, Jacque Thomas as Mrs Mercy, and Doreen Corrick, who will make a special guest appearance as Madame Xenia. John Kim will direct the production. ""The Homecoming,"" on the other hand, has been awarded the title of ""best play of the year"" in the United States, securing the New York Theatre Critics’ award. Both productions will offer Saturday matinees and feature additional performances on Fridays, one at 5 p.m. and another at 9 p.m.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670817_2_180.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670817.2.180,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-75038400
4311,24,08,1967,"Toleration Urged (Press, 24 August 1967)","On 22 August 1967, the Wellington District Methodist Synod in Masterton expressed support for the legal toleration of homosexual acts between consenting male adults. This affirmation aligns with a stance taken by the national synod in 1961, which identified significant “anomalies” in the existing laws regarding homosexual offences. The synod highlighted a discrepancy in the legal treatment of male and female homosexuality, pointing out that while men faced punishment under the law, women could engage in similar acts without consequence. The synod believes there is no justification for such unequal treatment under the law.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670824_2_51.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670824.2.51,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-74433600
6560,26,08,1967,"Ministers Attacked About Paperbacks (Press, 26 August 1967)","On 25 August 1967, a controversy erupted in the New Zealand Parliament regarding the importation of 7990 paperback books, many of which were deemed pornographic. The Labour Opposition accused three Cabinet Ministers — the Minister of Justice, Mr Hanan; the Minister of Customs, Mr Shelton; and the Minister of Police, Mr Allen — of allowing these books to enter the country without consultation with the Indecent Publications Tribunal. According to Mr C. J. Moyle, a Labour MP, only 10 out of approximately 8000 imported books had been referred to the tribunal since March 1964, which he asserted indicated a failure of the Government to fulfil its responsibilities. Moyle claimed that the Government had improperly assumed rights in criticising the tribunal and suggested that their actions represented a dangerous encroachment on the tribunal's established functions. He argued that the true intent of Parliament was to have the tribunal operate free from bias, rather than conservative or liberal scrutiny. Moyle also indicated that it was the responsibility of the Police, Customs, and the Justice Department to refer questionable books to the tribunal, challenging the ministers on their reluctance to do so. In response, Mr Hanan defended the Government, arguing that the tribunal had cleared books that some citizens found objectionable. He cited an example of a book that was rejected by a local mayor after the tribunal approved it, asserting that it demonstrated the public's concern regarding the tribunal's standards. Dr. A. M. Finlay from the Labour Party labelled the debate an ""unseemly and tasteless wrangle,"" shifting the onus back to the Government for any shortcomings of the tribunal, which he claimed performed its duties with recognition. Mr Allen presented evidence of allegedly inappropriate publications that had been cleared by the tribunal, implying that the tribunal had set a standard lower than what was expected by Parliament. He invited Labour members to review these books, maintaining that the police were not a repressive authority and that public feedback had led to actions regarding specific publications. The controversy further escalated as members of both sides exchanged accusations. Critics within the Labour Party pointed to the Ministers' failures to address the presence of controversial publications in public view, with Mrs E. E. McMillan directly confronting Mr Shelton about the accessibility of these books to children and teenagers. Meanwhile, National MP Sir Leslie Munro voiced his discontent, asserting that the tribunal upheld individuals' rights to access controversial literature despite public discomfort. Ultimately, when questioned about the possibility of amending the Indecent Publications Act, Mr Hanan confirmed there would be no intention to do so. This controversy underlined the ongoing tension between government oversight, public morality, and the independence of the Indecent Publications Tribunal in managing the balance between censorship and free expression in New Zealand during this period.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670826_2_231.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670826.2.231,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-74260800
6561,28,08,1967,"Theatre Company’s Excellent Job (Press, 28 August 1967)","The Canterbury Theatre Company's recent production of ""The Killing of Sister George,"" performed on 26 August 1967, has been hailed as a significant improvement over its previous works. Written by Frank Marcus, the play blends comedy with elements of satire and tragedy, particularly targeting the BBC and popular radio serials like ""The Archers."" The plot begins humorously when the BBC announces the death of Sister George, a beloved character in the fictional radio series ""Applehurst."" This turn of events impacts June Buckridge, the actress portraying Sister George, who has become so entwined with her character that she perceives this fictional death as a personal loss. A central theme of the play is a nuanced exploration of a lesbian relationship, presented with sincerity and maturity rather than shock or cheap sentiment. The emotional climax occurs when June is left alone, grappling with both her character's demise and the end of her same-sex relationship, providing a potentially moving conclusion. The production, directed by John Kim, was praised for its intelligence and sensitivity. However, minor criticisms suggest that the pacing could be improved to enhance comedic and tragic elements, and audience reactions at times disrupted the play's emotional intensity. The performances were similarly reviewed, with Kathleen Hilditch excelling in her portrayal of Sister George, encapsulating the character's fierce, possessive nature without losing her vulnerable side. Her emotional range was notable, although some moments felt overly intense early on, limiting further development of her character's desperation. Barbara Latham’s interpretation of Childie was appreciated for its skill, despite moments that veered toward a comic style that may not have matched the play's overall tone. Jacque Thomas, as Mrs Mercy, presented a younger take on the character, effectively embodying authority and eroticism, while Doreen Corrick's portrayal of Madame Xenia brought an eccentric flair to the production. Overall, ""The Killing of Sister George"" is regarded as a powerful and well-executed play, running until 2 September 1967, with special matinee performances scheduled for the final weekend.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670828_2_87.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670828.2.87,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-74088000
4312,01,09,1967,"Supreme Court Crown Appeals Against Decision On... (Press, 1 September 1967)","On 1 September 1967, the Crown appealed to the Supreme Court regarding a decision made by a magistrate to vacate convictions against two men for charges related to homosexual activities. During the appeal, Mr C. M. Roper, representing the Crown, argued that the case warranted serious legal scrutiny due to the nature of the offences, which involved indecent acts and could have resulted in significant prison sentences. He highlighted that the two men had engaged in indecent behaviour in public restrooms before going to one of the men's houses, where their activities continued. The older man was 44 years old, and the younger man was 22, with allegations of blackmail surfacing as part of the incident. Roper contended that the magistrate, Mr H. J. Evans, had overstepped his jurisdiction by vacating the convictions and discharging the men under the Criminal Justice Act. He asserted that the magistrate's decision was unduly influenced by external factors such as the Wolfenden report, legislative considerations from England regarding homosexuality, and various societal views on the matter. These considerations were deemed irrelevant under the statutory framework governing the case, which required that discretion be exercised based on the specific circumstances at hand. Mr G. R. Lascelles, representing one of the men, defended the magistrate's actions, arguing that they were in alignment with common sense and a judicial approach to justice. Lascelles urged that the magistrate's decision should not be dismissed merely because it was subject to differing opinions or perspectives on the matter. He referenced past judicial opinions that supported the notion of evolving public policy impacting judicial decisions over time. The attorney general, Mr Hanan, was cited as having some alignment with these views regarding the consideration of public sentiment in legal matters. The hearing involved extensive debate about the proper use of judicial discretion and whether the magistrate acted appropriately according to the law. While Roper argued that the exercise of discretion was improper given the severity of the crimes, Lascelles asserted that the existing legal framework bestowed broad discretion on the magistrate, which he exercised judiciously. The case highlighted the tension between legal statutes and evolving social norms surrounding homosexuality, especially as indicative legislative changes were taking place elsewhere. The magistrate's approach was under scrutiny for potentially anticipating changes in the law and diverging from the rigid application of criminal statutes. After several hours of discussion, the presiding judge indicated he would provide a ruling on the case the following day, underscoring the complexity of balancing legal principles with societal changes and judicial discretion in the context of criminal law.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670901_2_60.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670901.2.60,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-73742400
4313,02,09,1967,"Supreme Court Judge Reverses Determination Of... (Press, 2 September 1967)","On 1 September 1967, the Supreme Court of New Zealand, presided over by Mr Justice Macarthur, reversed the decision of a magistrate who had vacated the convictions of two men, David Michael Smith (22) and Donald Wilson Cock (44), on homosexual charges. The magistrate, Mr H. J. Evans, had exercised discretion under the Criminal Justice Act to discharge the men after they pleaded guilty to committing and permitting indecent acts upon one another. Justice Macarthur ordered a rehearing of the charges, expressing doubt over the legitimacy of the original vacation of convictions. In his ruling, Justice Macarthur highlighted that the magistrate had mischaracterised the charges, which involved acts committed in a public park bathroom rather than in private. He also pointed out that the magistrate had noted the case’s “heavy overtones of blackmail,” indicating that the circumstances were not as straightforward as consensual acts between males in private homes. The Justice stressed that magistrates and judges are bound to enforce existing laws rather than speculate on potential legislative changes. Justice Macarthur noted the magistrate's consideration of societal trends towards decriminalising such acts. However, he firmly stated that it is the role of Parliament to change the law, not that of the judiciary, and that the magistrate had erroneously acted as if the law would soon change in favour of the accused. In light of this, the Justice concluded that the original determinations made by the magistrate were flawed, necessitating a reversal and a return of the cases to the Magistrate’s Court for a proper rehearing. Additionally, Justice Macarthur addressed the matter of suppressing the accused men’s names. Despite some consideration for non-publication, he clarified that there were no substantial grounds to warrant such suppression and rescinded the previous interim order against publishing their identities. (The order deemed that privacy could only be upheld under very exceptional circumstances, which he did not see applicable in this case.) The case thus highlights the complexities surrounding the legal treatment of homosexual acts in 1960s New Zealand, reflecting broader societal attitudes and the limits of judicial discretion within the constrained framework of existing laws. Justice Macarthur's decision underscored the necessity of adhering to legislative mandates while recognising the evolving public discourse regarding homosexuality. The hearings and subsequent rulings surrounding Smith and Cock's case would contribute to the ongoing dialogue about reforming laws related to sexual orientation and behaviour in New Zealand.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670902_2_171.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670902.2.171,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-73656000
4314,12,09,1967,"A Paper Of Letters (Press, 12 September 1967)","A new independent fortnightly newspaper titled ""Platform"" has launched in Taihape, aiming to provide a platform solely for letters discussing topical and intellectual subjects. The paper specifies that it is not affiliated with any political or other organisation. The inaugural issue features tightly formatted tabloid pages filled with letters on a diverse range of subjects, including the Vietnam War, women’s issues, programmed learning, illegitimacy, euthanasia, homosexual reform, the educational use of television, race relations, New Zealand's economic future, and moral decline. Other topics include atheism, university life, the influence of science on art and music, the school certificate, Asian language studies, legalised prostitution, student conduct, and matters regarding British withdrawal from the East. ""Platform"" aims to accept contributions from any authors, provided their letters are engaging, relevant, and free of libellous content. The paper states that submissions can vary greatly in length, from 10 to 10,000 words. Although it currently cannot offer financial compensation to contributors, writers will receive a complimentary copy of the issue in which their letter appears. The editorial addresses for the publication are listed as post office boxes located in Waiouru or Canberra.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670912_2_162.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670912.2.162,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-72792000
4315,14,09,1967,"Persecution Of Minority Group (Press, 14 September 1967)","At a meeting of the Christchurch Presbytery, a psychiatrist from Christchurch addressed the ongoing persecution of homosexuals under current laws, arguing that such legislation serves no real purpose. He questioned the rationale behind police raids on public lavatories and the prosecution of individuals for consensual homosexual acts conducted in private. The psychiatrist pointed out that countries which have liberalised their laws regarding homosexuality have not experienced an increase in public disturbances; in fact, such nuisances have decreased. He described immoral conduct as actions that harm others, asserting that consensual homosexual behaviour between adults in private does not inflict harm. The psychiatrist noted that discussions around homosexuality are often filled with irrational comments, attributing this phenomenon to people's discomfort with acknowledging homosexual traits within themselves that they have suppressed over time. He cautioned against conflating homosexuality with paedophilia, clarifying that paedophilia—defined as sexual attraction to children—is a separate condition associated with individuals from dysfunctional backgrounds or who experience loneliness and social ineffectiveness. Furthermore, he highlighted the misperception that individuals who have been imprisoned for homosexual acts represent the broader homosexual community. He challenged the notion that adolescent homosexual seduction is a primary cause of homosexuality, stating that there is no scientific evidence to support such claims. Instead, he indicated that persistent homosexual orientations are found in about 4 per cent of adult men and slightly fewer women, while approximately one-third of adult men have reported having some form of homosexual experience.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670914_2_185.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670914.2.185,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-72619200
4316,19,09,1967,"Homosexual Fined $l00 (Press, 19 September 1967)","On 19 September 1967, the Magistrate's Court imposed fines totalling $100 on Donald Wilson Cock, a 44-year-old married grocer, who had pleaded guilty to two charges of committing indecent acts involving a male. The court proceedings stemmed from a previous case where Cock was discharged without conviction under section 42 of the Criminal Justice Act, which led to a Crown appeal that required the charges to be reheard. Cock faced fines of $50 for each charge of committing an indecent act and permitting an indecent act to be performed on him. Represented by Mr B. S. McLaughlin, it was noted that the other individual involved in the offences had since left the country. The police statement revealed that Cock had initially complained to the authorities about being robbed of £35 by the other man. The police investigation traced the events to 29 June 1967, when Cock and the other man met at a public toilet in St Albans Park before proceeding to Cock's shop where the acts occurred. In his sentencing, the Magistrate, Mr E. A. Lee, acknowledged Cock's previous good reputation and the community service he had provided, expressing that it was tragic for someone with such standing to face charges like these. However, he highlighted disturbing aspects of the case, noting Cock had given a false statement to claim repayment from an insurance company for the money he had lost to the other man, which constituted fraud. The Magistrate expressed particular concern regarding the location where the acts took place, describing it as objectionable due to the potential risk posed to innocent individuals, especially children, who might be exposed to such offences in public conveniences. He pointed out that the courts had consistently responded strongly to cases involving homosexuals frequenting these locations. While considering the expenses incurred by Cock due to the proceedings, the Magistrate ultimately decided against suppressing Cock's name, stating that the community, especially parents and individuals using public toilets, had the right to be informed about someone who engaged in such conduct. The case underscored the societal tensions and legal challenges surrounding homosexual acts during that period in New Zealand.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670919_2_223.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670919.2.223,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-72187200
4317,20,09,1967,"Doctors Told They Lack Sex Knowledge (Press, 20 September 1967)","On 19 September 1967, Dr Harold Lief of the University of Pennsylvania addressed a symposium held by the American Academy of General Practice in New York, highlighting a significant gap in sex education among medical practitioners. He informed around 700 general practitioners, many of whom attended the event with their spouses, that many doctors possess knowledge about reproductive physiology and pathology but are generally ill-informed about broader sexual knowledge compared to their patients. This inadequacy is attributed to medical schools providing insufficient training in sex education, leaving physicians to self-educate in this crucial area. Dr Lief pointed out that a doctor's personal biases and discomfort often prevent them from fully addressing sexual issues when patients bring them up. He stressed the importance of developing effective medical history-taking and interviewing skills in order to better engage with patients on sexual matters. Another speaker, Dr Alfred Auerback from the University of California, focused on understanding sexual deviations. He presented data suggesting that four per cent of American men are exclusively homosexual throughout their lives, while 18 per cent had engaged in homosexual behaviour for three or more years, and 37 per cent had experienced at least one homosexual encounter. Dr Auerback argued that both male and female homosexuality stem from disturbed family relationships and impaired identifications, rejecting any biological basis for homosexuality. He also critiqued the term ""sex crime,"" stating that it reflects societal attitudes rather than the actual nature of the behaviours, claiming that most individuals deemed ""deviant"" generally do not cause significant physical or psychological harm. The symposium's discussions underscored the pressing need for enhanced sex education in medical training and a more informed and empathetic approach from healthcare professionals when addressing sexual health concerns with their patients.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670920_2_65.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670920.2.65,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-72100800
4318,23,09,1967,"Magistrate’s Court Three Months Gaol For Theft And... (Press, 23 September 1967)","On 23 September 1967, the Magistrate’s Court addressed several criminal cases, notably sentencing James William Burgess, a 27-year-old grocer, who faced multiple charges of theft and false pretences. Burgess, previously convicted 14 times for theft and nine times for false pretences, appeared for sentencing over offences committed between 19 August and 1 September. His lawyer, Mr J. M. Wilson, argued that Burgess's actions were linked to his mental illness and that he had previously received support from a woman, whose absence during her holiday had led to his relapse into crime. The Magistrate, Mr P. L. Molineaux, acknowledged the support from the woman but highlighted the importance of holding Burgess accountable for his actions, stating that mental health conditions should not be used as an excuse for criminal behaviour. Consequently, Burgess was sentenced to three months in prison on each charge, to be served concurrently, and was placed on probation for one year, along with an order for restitution of $95. The court also dealt with other cases, including that of 17-year-old Nanette Gail Tipa, who received a suspended sentence for theft, pending her appearance within six months if called upon. Barrie Paterson Sinclair, a student, was fined $14 for careless use of a motor vehicle. R. R. Prince Ltd was fined $16 for exceeding a heavy traffic licence, and Peter Morice Lines, another student, was fined $10 for failing to stop at a stop sign. James Meager Smitheran, 44, was fined $150 for stealing a raincoat and rug from a parked car, with the Magistrate warning of harsher penalties for future offences of dishonesty. David John O’Brien, a metal presser, was fined $10 for unlawfully entering a Transport Board bus. Lena Lewis, 48, was fined $6 for being found drunk on the wharf, with a four-day prison term in default of payment. Several traffic offences were prosecuted, with various individuals fined for not notifying a change of motor vehicle ownership, failing to give way, and operating vehicles without a warrant of fitness. In a more serious case, Paul Brian Herrick faced his 20-year-old son in court after the son assaulted him following an argument. The adult son was fined $40 and ordered to cover medical expenses for his father's injuries. The Magistrate remarked on the persistent trouble stemming from the family's issues and indicated that further actions could be necessary if such behaviour continued. Overall, the court addressed a range of offences highlighting issues of theft, traffic violations, and familial violence while stressing accountability and the implications of mental health in criminal behaviour.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19670923_2_191.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19670923.2.191,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-71841600
4319,12,10,1967,"Meeting Discusses Homosexuality Law (Press, 12 October 1967)","At a meeting organised by the Howard League for Penal Reform on 11 October 1967, Dr J. R. E. Dobson criticised a detective superintendent for making unfounded statements regarding the dangers of homosexual practices. Dr Dobson asserted that there is insufficient evidence to support claims of degradation linked to homosexuality. He challenged the superintendent to provide evidence, which he failed to do, leading Dobson to declare him condemned for his lack of substantiation. He expressed concern over the ignorance surrounding homosexuality, noting that the public often refrains from educating themselves on the topic and thus allows laws that persecute a minority to persist. Dr Dobson also argued against police surveillance of public lavatories during times of budget cuts. The meeting was attended by roughly 30 participants and chaired by Mr P. H. T. Alpers. Alpers noted that the time was right to address the issue, explaining that New Zealand had traditionally followed English statutes without question. He remarked on the reluctance to discuss homosexuality openly, although the Wolfenden Report was causing some people to reconsider their views. He highlighted two key developments that prompted the meeting: the Christchurch magistrate’s decision to discharge two individuals under the Criminal Justice Act, which was later sent back for reconsideration by a Supreme Court ruling, and a speech by the Minister of Justice, Mr Hanan, at Victoria University, where he appeared open to the idea of liberalising laws surrounding homosexuality. Alpers pointed out that while the Minister suggested public opinion did not currently favour reform, this notion was debatable, especially since public sentiment had also influenced the Minister to make critical remarks about the Indecent Publications Tribunal. He questioned whether public opinion should dictate government policy on the issue, suggesting that those who are informed and have engaged with the topic should have a greater say. The chairman further discussed the justification for penal laws as serving to deter and represent public disapproval, questioning their effectiveness. He argued that instead of acting as a deterrent, existing laws create a secretive environment that might exacerbate the situation. Alpers contended that homosexual practices, when consensual and between adults, do not pose a threat to the state or society. He dismissed the notion that these practices lead to corruption, asserting that the idea that someone could be easily swayed into homosexuality was fundamentally flawed. Rev. W. S. Dawson added that homosexuality is a human issue and should be approached with compassion and openness to dialogue. He acknowledged that there is much more to learn about the complexities of the problem. However, some speakers expressed opposition to reform, citing that homosexual practices contradict Christian teachings, indicating a divergence of opinions in the discussion.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19671012_2_121.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19671012.2.121,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-70200000
4320,27,10,1967,"German Justice Minister Champions Law Reform (Press, 27 October 1967)","Dr Gustav Heinemann, West Germany's Minister of Justice, is leading a campaign to reform the country's obsolete penal code that punishes homosexuality, adultery, abortion, and blasphemy with severe penalties. He aims to eradicate the harshness of the 96-year-old law, which allows for up to five years in prison for homosexual acts, 15 years for abortion, six months for adultery, and up to three years for blasphemy. Heinemann has received significant backing from critics who describe the current legal framework as illogical, intolerant, and outdated. Speaking against the blasphemy law, Heinemann stated that God does not require legal protection, arguing that not all violations of Christian ethics should incur state prosecution. This position is reflective of his larger goal of separating moral questions from legal frameworks. He has a history of political dissent, having resigned from former Chancellor Konrad Adenauer’s Cabinet due to his strong opposition to German rearmament. A new draft penal code introduced five years ago is currently being reviewed by Parliament. This draft, however, seeks to maintain prison sentences for the same offences. Heinemann is actively urging the legal committee to amend this draft within the current government term, which is set to conclude in 1969. He believes that no one should interfere in consensual adult homosexual relationships and insists that laws should not be constructed solely around Christian moral beliefs. Furthermore, Heinemann advocates for the removal of prison sentences for rape victims seeking abortions, asserting that the suffering of a woman forced to bear a child resembling her assailant is an unnecessary cruelty. Under existing German law, abortions are only permissible to save the life or health of the mother. Critically, Heinemann has also challenged the proposed increase of the adultery sentence from six months to one year, labelling it as absurd and ineffective, with very few cases resulting in actual prison time. The discourse surrounding these legal reforms has persisted for over a decade. Many lawyers argue that the current legal framework, dating back to 1871, fails to accommodate the social realities of contemporary Germany, which contradicts the outdated view of morality it embodies. Approximately 87% of German men and 70% of women are thought to have premarital sex, yet the current laws present a retributive response to such conduct. Heinemann argues that the aim of punishment should be to promote the individual's reintegration into society rather than solely focusing on moral correction. His views reflect a progressive shift towards prioritising community peace over strict moral enforcement. The debate around these issues continues to be a significant topic in contemporary German society.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19671027_2_163.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19671027.2.163,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-68904000
7726,07,11,1967,"Discharge ‘good News’ (Press, 7 November 1967)","The Bishop of Wellington, the Rev. H. W. Baines, expressed his approval regarding the dismissal of charges against Professor Geering, stating that it was positive news for those who value the truth within Christianity. He acknowledged that while Geering's comments prompted significant questions, they did not always lead people to expect the correct answers. Rev. Godfrey Wilson of St Peter’s church noted that Geering's remarks had effectively shaken the Church from its complacency. He described the move to charge Geering for his comments as a misunderstanding and indicated that he was not surprised by the dismissal of these charges. Additionally, the chairman of the Congregational Union of New Zealand, the Rev. J. B. Chambers, underscored the importance of freedom of thought and speech within the Church, reinforcing that the dismissal of the charges was beneficial. The overall sentiment among the clergy was one of support for academic freedom and engagement with challenging ideas within religious discourse.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19671107_2_4.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19671107.2.4,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-67953600
4321,13,11,1967,"Homosexual Law Reform (Press, 13 November 1967)","The New Zealand Homosexual Law Reform Society is preparing to petition Parliament for changes to the laws concerning homosexual acts between consenting adults in private. Mr J. W. Goodwin, the society's secretary, highlighted that recent modifications to abortion laws in Britain have sparked renewed interest and debate surrounding similar issues in New Zealand, including those related to homosexual law. He expressed the hope that members of both political parties will approach the topic of homosexual law reform with the same level of rational consideration that they have shown towards abortion legislation. Goodwin pointed out that the matter is gaining significant attention from various churches and universities across the country. The society comprises members from diverse backgrounds and professions, reflecting a broad base of support for reform. As part of its educational initiatives, the society is developing publications aimed at providing facts to facilitate responsible discussions on the subject, which Goodwin indicated is expected by the Minister of Justice. The society is optimistic about fostering informed dialogue as they seek meaningful change in the legal treatment of homosexual acts in New Zealand.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19671113_2_91.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19671113.2.91,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-67435200
4322,15,11,1967,"Tetanus Victim (Press, 15 November 1967)","On 14 November 1967, it was reported that a 12-year-old boy from Queenstown named John Flaus is receiving treatment in the intensive care unit at Kew Hospital in Invercargill for tetanus. John had sustained a cut to his knee after falling off his bicycle late last month, which initially healed without complications. However, after attending cricket practice, he began to experience a sore back. Despite being examined by a doctor who found no immediate concerns, his condition worsened by Saturday when he developed a tight jaw and ulcers in his mouth. This prompted a diagnosis of tetanus. Following the diagnosis, John was urgently taken to Invercargill by his family for further medical care. The superintendent in chief of Southland Hospitals, Dr H. J. H. Hiddlestone, reported that John is responding well to treatment. Additionally, it was announced that a new branch of the New Zealand Homosexual Law Reform Society has been established in Christchurch. Those interested in more information can contact the new branch at P.O. Box 5077, Papanui.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19671115_2_189.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19671115.2.189,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-67262400
4324,16,11,1967,"Vice Ring Alleged (Press, 16 November 1967)","On 15 November 1967, California Governor Ronald Reagan addressed allegations regarding a purported homosexual ring within his administration during a press conference. Under persistent questioning from journalists, he firmly refuted the claims, stating, “I have never had, and do not have, any evidence or proof that would warrant any such accusation.” He asserted that no formal accusations or charges had been made against him or his administration. The speculations arose following reports initiated by columnist Drew Pearson, which suggested that Reagan had dismissed certain close aides due to the discovery of this alleged homosexual ring. This was not the first time Reagan had addressed these claims; during a previous press conference held a month earlier, he labelled Pearson’s assertions as lies and reiterated that they were untrue. In a lighter news note from the same day, Prince Charles was celebrated on his 19th birthday with a traditional bell-ringing ceremony at the university church in Cambridge. This longstanding tradition has been observed for over 200 years, marking both the birthdays of the heir to the throne and the reigning monarch.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19671116_2_116.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19671116.2.116,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-67176000
4323,16,11,1967,"World-wide Resurgence In Venereal Diseases (Press, 16 November 1967)","On 16 November 1967, the Health Department released a final article discussing the historical context of venereal disease (VD) in New Zealand. The article reflected on past practices related to women suspected of transmitting VD, particularly spotlighting the Contagious Diseases Act of 1864, which allowed for their arrest and mandatory treatment. Originally intended to safeguard servicemen in garrison towns, this legislation was met with strong criticism for its discriminatory nature. Similar compulsory treatment laws were implemented in various countries and, although modified over time, they continue to be in effect in some regions. As the understanding of these diseases improved early in the 20th century, particularly after the First World War, new laws were introduced in both Britain and New Zealand to promote awareness and treatment options. In 1917, free treatment clinics began operating in major New Zealand centres, but a report in 1923 referred to the need for cultivating a healthier public opinion, highlighting an ongoing ""mistaken policy of reticence"" regarding discussions about VD. The report stressed the importance of maintaining patient confidentiality. Unlike other countries that enforced compulsory notification of cases, New Zealand encouraged patients to inform their partners about potential exposure, which fostered a more open approach to treatment. The incidence of VD rose during the 1930s and once again after the Second World War, yet effective antibiotics like penicillin drastically reduced the treatment duration and, by 1955, the situation appeared significantly improved. However, the outlook changed with social transformations, including the Street Offences Act of 1959 in England, which aimed to manage prostitution. In the aftermath of such reforms, there were not only rises in clandestine prostitution but also increased cases of venereal diseases, notably in Asia, which remained a major source of infection. By 1957, there was a notable resurgence in the occurrence of both syphilis and gonorrhoea worldwide, prompting the World Health Organisation (W.H.O.) to call for the development of effective vaccines. In New Zealand, while syphilis rates slightly increased, gonorrhoea cases surged, particularly among the young. The most affected demographics included unskilled workers, seasonal labourers, seamen, individuals in prisons, and homosexuals. Dr R. S. Morton, in his book ""Venereal Diseases,"" remarked that as societal wealth increases, economic incentives to enter prostitution diminish. He noted that the ""good-time girl"" is replacing traditional prostitution as a contributor to VD spread. The Health Department concluded that public awareness and education are essential for addressing the problem effectively. Despite the historical taboo surrounding the topic in New Zealand, authorities now believe that society is ready for more candid discussions about venereal diseases and the importance of health education in controlling their spread.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19671116_2_53.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19671116.2.53,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-67176000
4325,02,12,1967,"Homosexual Acts ‘morally Neutral’ (Press, 2 December 1967)","On 1 December 1967, a symposium attended by 90 Episcopalian clergymen in New York discussed the moral implications of homosexual acts. The event, known as Project H, was held at the Cathedral of St John the Divine and was supported by the Episcopal dioceses of New York, Connecticut, Long Island, and New Jersey. The discussions led to a consensus among many of the participating priests that homosexual acts should not be condemned, provided there is evidence of love between the partners involved. The Rev. Walter D. Dennis, who organised the symposium, highlighted the need for Christians to reconsider traditional views that have ostracised homosexuals, likening their current treatment to that of “modern-day lepers.” He asserted that homosexual relationships between consenting adults should be evaluated using the same criteria as heterosexual marriages, emphasising that the focus should be on whether these relationships foster enduring love. However, the symposium did not lack dissenting opinions. The Rev. L. Robert Foutz voiced a contrasting viewpoint, insisting that homosexual acts should always be viewed as perversions, as they do not align with the natural processes of child-rearing. While the majority of clergymen leaned towards a more accepting stance on homosexual relationships, the discussions underscored the complexities and differing beliefs within the church regarding the moral evaluation of love and sexuality.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19671202_2_190.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19671202.2.190,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-65793600
4326,09,12,1967,"Homosexual Corruption Of Soldiers Alleged (Press, 9 December 1967)","On 7 December 1967, it was reported that the Director of Public Prosecutions in the UK was contemplating criminal charges related to allegations involving young soldiers being corrupted at high-society homosexual parties. The Attorney-General, Sir Elwyn Jones, confirmed in Parliament that a police report regarding these allegations had been received, prompting considerations for potential criminal proceedings. A Conservative Member of Parliament, Sir Cyril Osborne, urged the Attorney-General to expedite the investigation, particularly as a newspaper report suggested that the issue could potentially compromise the honour of a member of Parliament. The “Daily Mail” disclosed that Scotland Yard's vice squad had conducted an extensive investigation into the homosexual activities involving a prominent Labour M.P., though Scotland Yard itself refrained from commenting on the matter. The allegations suggested that young soldiers from the Welsh Guards and the Household Cavalry were lured to extravagant homosexual parties hosted in affluent London flats and large country estates by a wealthy vice ring. It was claimed that these soldiers were enticed by affluent men from various sectors including politics, the legal field, religion, and entertainment, and were offered lavish gifts for their attendance at these gatherings. While private homosexual acts between consenting adults had been legalised in Britain following an amendment to the Sexual Offences Act in July 1967, such acts remained illegal within the military. The unfolding investigation has raised significant concerns about the conduct of certain individuals within political and social spheres, as well as the treatment of young soldiers in these circumstances.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19671209_2_45.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19671209.2.45,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-65188800
4327,11,12,1967,"Letters To The Editor (Press, 11 December 1967)","On 11 December 1967, a set of guidelines for submitting letters to the Editor was outlined. Letters should be preferably typed, or if handwritten, must be in ink on one side of the paper only. A legible signature and full address are mandatory, with a stipulation that a P.O. box number is insufficient for publication purposes. Writers must also explicitly state if their letters have been sent to other publications. The Editor reserves the right to refuse unsuitable letters without offering the chance for return or acknowledgment, although necessary communications may be made at the Editor's discretion. Additionally, letters should not exceed 150 words. Several specific topics were mentioned regarding correspondence. Brian Blackmore discussed the shared production of a performance with Whim Wham, while G. N. Smith suggested some queries were better suited for the advertising section. A writer expressing disappointment as an ex-All Black was informed that there was no space for further discussion on that topic. Similarly, concerns about recent discussions on homosexual law could not be repeated due to space limitations. Furthermore, inquiries addressing country medical services were declared closed and would not be revisited. A legal query regarding the validity of lightning-related claims was advised to be tested in courts, which prompted a recommendation to consult a solicitor for further advice. Lastly, an Indignant Kiwi expressed frustration regarding New Zealand's non-action towards bringing a matter to the United Nations, noting that international jurisdiction would require consent from both involved governments, including the Scottish Nationalist Government-In-Exile. The Editor reiterated a lack of available space for these issues.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19671211_2_88.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19671211.2.88,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-65016000
6852,20,12,1967,"Gloomy Forecast, But Swingers Still Wave Flag (Press, 20 December 1967)","In December 1967, London faced alarming revelations about its geography and public health. It was disclosed that the city is sinking at an annual rate of 13 inches, resulting in it being 15 feet lower than during Roman times. This winter, concerns were raised about the swollen Thames potentially overflowing its banks, threatening to inundate central London and its underground tunnels, which could lead to catastrophic consequences for thousands, including the Houses of Parliament. This scenario comes amidst a backdrop of significant turmoil across Britain. The countryside has witnessed a devastating outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease, leading to the slaughter of over 220,000 cattle and sheep in a desperate bid to contain the crisis. The resulting desolation has seen rural areas become eerily empty, with public spaces closed and gatherings banned. The nation grapples with broader issues such as economic devaluation, a withdrawal from conflict in Aden, and the spectre of Scottish and Welsh independence movements. French President Charles de Gaulle has also continuously obstructed Britain’s attempts to join the European Economic Community. The overall sentiment reflects a nation teetering on the brink of decline. Despite these challenges, London continues its vibrant cultural shift, particularly symbolised by contrasting neighbourhoods. Regent Street's Christmas decorations showcase a fantasy-like Disney theme, while nearby Carnaby Street features avant-garde, pop-art displays that resonate with the rebellious spirit of the youth. The juxtaposition highlights a growing cultural divide within Britain, encapsulated in a newfound obsession with the Union Jack that has emerged amid the waning days of the British Empire. Flags are ubiquitous in shops and on merchandise, flaunted in ways that reflect a modish yet ironic pride. Style trends epitomise this cultural upheaval, with London’s youth embracing increasingly unconventional fashion that skews traditional gender norms. Men adopt flamboyant styles while women’s fashion appears to fluctuate between camp and militaristic influences, with thigh-high boots becoming a prevalent obsession. Underneath this seemingly confident exterior, however, Britain is beset with a resurgence of anti-World War II sentiment, challenging the long-held view of the conflict as a valiant struggle. This sentiment is evident in recent media productions, like Richard Lester's film ""How I Won the War,"" which critiques British militarism, and other works questioning the war's legitimacy. In theatre, Joan Littlewood's provocative “Mrs Wilson’s Diary” directly targets the current political leadership, reflecting broader discontent. These evolving cultural expressions attract diverse audiences, indicating a societal shift that unites the traditional with the radical. While the ghosts of Old Britain endure, the public's appetite for change is palpable. As London swings into a new era, it starkly contrasts with the turbulent events shaping the British landscape, presenting a nation grappling with its identity amid unfolding chaos.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19671220_2_25_1.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19671220.2.25.1,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-64238400
7819,13,01,1968,"Youngest Designer (Press, 13 January 1968)","Derek Jarman, a 25-year-old stage designer of New Zealand heritage, has gained recognition for his work on the new ballet ""Jazz Calendar"" by Frederick Ashton at Covent Garden, becoming the youngest designer ever employed by the Royal Ballet. Praised by the ballet critic of ""The Times"" as a ""brilliant discovery,"" Jarman initially had not planned to pursue stage design but was focused on painting, having studied at the Slade until last year. He views painting and stage design as interconnected, noting that many influential stage sets have been created by painters like Picasso, Gabo, and Matisse. For ""Jazz Calendar,"" Jarman’s designs reflect a theme based on the nursery rhyme ""Monday’s child, Tuesday’s child ..."", featuring striking and unconventional elements. His set includes an oversized red hoop, a mirror mosaic, a large triangle of clear perspex spheres, and a gradient pyramid that shifts from navy to light blue. Notably, his design for ""Friday’s child,"" associated with ""loving and giving,"" includes a red-and-white love-knot. Despite his evident success in stage design, Jarman remains more passionate about painting. He had exhibited at the annual London show “The Young Contemporaries” the previous year and is exploring ideas for 'multiples,' which are art pieces meant for mass production at affordable prices. Some of his inventive concepts include a foot-square box with coloured drinking straws intended to be shaken into various patterns on specific dates, and a ""commuter case""—a miniature suitcase designed for urban dwellers longing for the countryside, lined with grass on the inside.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19680113_2_19_1.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19680113.2.19.1,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-62164800
7634,24,02,1968,"Supreme Court Three Men Sent To Prison (Press, 24 February 1968)","On 24 February 1968, Douglas Bruce McFarlane, a 33-year-old Australian, was sentenced to three years imprisonment in the Supreme Court on five charges of sodomy. McFarlane, who suffers from cerebral haemorrhage, was said by his counsel, Mr D. J. Hewitt, to be in such a precarious state that he could ""drop dead at any moment"". Mr Hewitt argued for McFarlane's deportation, stating that requiring medical attention in New Zealand would be costly for taxpayers. However, Mr C. M. Roper, representing the Crown, contended that Australian offenders in New Zealand should not face lesser penalties than imprisonment. McFarlane, a former soldier, had pleaded guilty to the charges concerning three male youths aged between 16 and 18, having reversed a prior not guilty plea. He had arrived in New Zealand in March 1967, after violating parole in Melbourne, where he had previously received two sentences of three years for indecency involving males. Justice Macarthur, during sentencing, expressed regret over McFarlane's criminal behaviour, especially given his previously good record with the Australian Army, and indicated that his deportation would be determined by the Minister of Immigration. In a separate case, Edwyn John Merewether, a 27-year-old carpenter, attempted to rape a 65-year-old woman. His counsel presented a psychiatric report from Dr R. W. Medlicott, suggesting Merewether was in a semi-automatic state driven by a compulsive tendency at the time of the offence. Given the circumstances, Justice Macarthur sentenced Merewether to 10 months imprisonment, followed by a year of probation with the condition of undergoing psychiatric treatment. The judge acknowledged the need for a substantial penalty but recognised the peculiar circumstances surrounding the case, also noting Merewether's positive qualities as a worker and his lack of a prior criminal record. William Warren Cane, a 21-year-old unemployed workman, received a six-month prison sentence for conspiring to defeat the course of justice. Cane, already disqualified from driving, conspired with a passenger in his vehicle to switch seats and falsely claim that the passenger was driving when stopped by police. After standing trial and conducting his own defence, Cane had been warned by Justice Macarthur for his conduct, which bordered on contempt of court. Upon sentencing, the judge considered Cane's youth and the time he had already served for disqualified driving but emphasised the importance of adhering to legal restrictions and not obstructing police efforts.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19680224_2_168.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19680224.2.168,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-58536000
4328,22,04,1968,"Homosexual Law Change Urged (Press, 22 April 1968)","On 22 April 1968, the New Zealand Homosexual Law Reform Society published two pamphlets advocating for the decriminalisation of private homosexual activity between consenting adults. The society argued that the legal status quo represented a longstanding injustice, effectively branding nearly 50,000 men as potential criminals due solely to their sexual orientation. The pamphlets emphasised the need for understanding and support for homosexual individuals, who come from various professions and social classes, and who may include close relations, such as sons and brothers. One of the pamphlets consists of 50 questions and answers addressing common misconceptions about homosexuality. It states that homosexuality is not a disease, points out the uncertainty of treatment outcomes, and highlights how existing laws make homosexuals vulnerable to blackmail and suicidal tendencies. Additionally, the society noted that while Minister of Justice Mr Hanan had dismissed some arguments against reform, the government appeared to have misjudged public sentiment, as reflected in numerous church reports. The second pamphlet, authored by Mr C. J. F. Parkin, a lecturer in philosophy at Victoria University and an Anglican lay reader, argued that legal reform would help homosexuals better integrate into society and seek necessary support without the fear of criminalisation. Parkin contended that homosexuals can be found across various professions, challenging stereotypes that characterise them exclusively in a narrow manner. Addressing the notion of sexual impulses, the pamphlet acknowledged that while self-control is a valued trait and many homosexuals manage it, it is unrealistic to expect all individuals to refrain from sexual experiences entirely. The pamphlet highlighted that marriage, commonly viewed as a solution for sexual fulfilment within heterosexual contexts, is not an option for homosexuals. The Homosexual Law Reform Society, which includes notable figures such as Anglican bishops and several professionals from diverse fields, is set to present its case to the Parliamentary Petitions Committee in the upcoming session, advocating for a significant change in New Zealand's laws regarding homosexuality.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19680422_2_177.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19680422.2.177,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-53524800
4330,08,05,1968,"Goldwater Sues For Libel (Press, 8 May 1968)","The trial of Barry Goldwater's $2 million libel suit against ""Fact"" magazine commenced on 7 May 1968, with his wife providing testimony regarding his mental health. Goldwater's attorney, Roger Robb, described a 1964 article from ""Fact"" titled “1189 Psychiatrists Say Goldwater is Psychologically Unfit to be President” as ""scurrilous."" This article allegedly contained defamatory statements suggesting that Goldwater had experienced two nervous breakdowns and exhibited latent homicidal and homosexual tendencies. During the trial, Mrs Goldwater asserted that her husband had never received psychiatric treatment but acknowledged that he had once been exhausted while working long hours in a department store in 1937. She explained that in their Indiana upbringing, such exhaustion was referred to as a nervous breakdown. Following a period of rest in Honolulu, she claimed he returned to good health. Defence attorney Harris Steinberg argued that Goldwater’s decision to sue ""Fact"" was motivated by its publisher, Mr Ginzburg, who had a pending conviction for mailing obscene material and was waiting for a potential prison sentence. Steinberg pointed out that Goldwater had not taken legal action against other publications that had published similar claims, suggesting that the lawsuit was targeting ""Fact"" specifically due to Ginzburg’s legal troubles. The magazine claimed to have conducted extensive research, sending out questionnaires to 12,356 psychiatrists, with 2,417 responding. Of those, 1,189 psychiatrists deemed Goldwater unfit for the presidency, while 657 found him fit, and 571 felt they lacked sufficient information to make a judgement. Steinberg noted that the article aimed to inform the public during a critical time when the question of nuclear weapons was on many minds. He also highlighted that Goldwater had previously made statements indicating that he considered the article to be fair comment. Information regarding his purported nervous breakdowns had been referenced from other magazine articles quoting Mrs Goldwater. The trial reflects the tense atmosphere surrounding the 1964 Republican presidential candidate as he sought to clear his name amid challenging accusations related to his mental fitness for leadership.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19680508_2_145.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19680508.2.145,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-52142400
4329,08,05,1968,"U.k. Guardsmen In Court (Press, 8 May 1968)","On 7 May 1968, a wealthy interior decorator named Oliver Ford was fined £700 after being found guilty of committing indecent homosexual acts with soldiers from the Life Guards, an elite regiment that guards Buckingham Palace. The case highlighted the extent of the issue, as a police witness revealed that investigations involved one-third of the regiment's troopers. Alongside Ford, two soldiers were charged; however, they received conditional discharges for a period of two years. The events primarily transpired at a public house called Tattersail's, located in the affluent Knightsbridge area of London, near the soldiers' barracks. From this venue, the soldiers were allegedly taken to Ford's country house, where financial transactions for the acts ranged from £5 to £20. The prosecuting counsel noted that the soldiers involved were not primarily homosexual but engaged in these acts for monetary compensation, emphasising that all participants were aware of the nature of their actions. Ford, aged 42 and a company director in addition to his role as an interior decorator, admitted to charges of gross indecency and conspiracy concerning one of the soldiers, Barry Robert Brooks, a 20-year-old trooper who also pleaded guilty to multiple charges, including conspiracy to procure guardsmen. Another soldier, Jeffrey Victor Sheffield, a 27-year-old corporal in the Horse Guards, admitted guilt on two counts of procuring. The case against a third soldier who was also accused of procuring was scheduled for a later trial. Despite the passage of the Sexual Offences Act in 1967, which legalised homosexual acts between consenting adults, such actions remained illegal within the British Army, establishing a complex legal and moral landscape for those involved.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19680508_2_134.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19680508.2.134,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-52142400
4331,29,05,1968,"New Director For Museum (Press, 29 May 1968)","Sir John Wolfenden has been appointed as the next director and principal librarian of the British Museum, according to a report from London on 28 May 1968. Sir John is known for leading an important inquiry 12 years prior into homosexual offences and prostitution. His report, published in 1960, made significant recommendations that influenced British law. Notably, it recommended that soliciting by prostitutes be criminalised, while advocating for the decriminalisation of homosexual acts in private between consenting adults. His new role at the British Museum marks a significant milestone in his career.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19680529_2_133.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19680529.2.133,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-50328000
6853,01,06,1968,"Literary Views And Reviews We, The Accused . . . (Press, 1 June 1968)","The publication ""Crime in New Zealand,"" reviewed on 1 June 1968, presents a comprehensive survey of criminal behaviour within the country, constituting a pioneering effort in New Zealand's examination of crime. The book, produced under the auspices of the Department of Justice, reflects a shift in perspective regarding the relationship between society and crime, highlighting the complexities of criminal behaviour as a by-product of contemporary living conditions. It offers an analytical view of society's actions and beliefs, revealing the underlying factors contributing to crime amidst a well-off community. With input from a variety of sources including judges, magistrates, and academics, the book comprises 417 pages and covers a range of topics from violent offences and sexual crimes to issues of suicide, abortion, and procedural matters such as bail. The Minister of Justice, Mr Hanan, introduces the book, arguing for its importance in refining penal methods and inciting discussion on the state of crime. He emphasises the book's role in spurring public reflection and collaboration in seeking better outcomes for crime prevention and societal order. The content is structured to facilitate easy engagement, making it compelling to read. The introductory chapter titled “The face of crime” sets the tone for a thoughtful exploration of social trends and responses to crime, while also addressing the challenges posed by mental health issues in relation to criminal acts, including insights about suicide rates among farmers, which challenge the perception of rural life as inherently calm. Additionally, the volume discusses topics like transvestism and voyeurism, examining their roots in social behaviour and psychology. Such discussions are aimed at demystifying these practices and linking them to broader societal influences and personal histories. The authors reflect on the nature of commercial crime, suggesting that financial strains may lead individuals across varying socioeconomic statuses to engage in unethical behaviour, and hint that many crimes remain unreported or undetected. While addressing severe crimes and their implications on societal order, the narrative also brings forth debates regarding the adequacy of the legal penalties system. It posits whether stricter penalties or more leniency would yield better societal results. Despite minor critiques regarding indexing and details, the review indicates that ""Crime in New Zealand"" serves as an essential academic tool. The book has potential for wider interest not only within New Zealand but also among international scholars and neighbouring countries, prompting consideration for a similar study in Australia, which might further enhance the understanding of criminal behaviours in a comparative context. In conclusion, the review encapsulates ""Crime in New Zealand"" as a significant literary contribution that thoughtfully engages with the topic of crime, serving to enlighten the public as it seeks answers to ongoing challenges in criminal justice and societal wellbeing.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19680601_2_33.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19680601.2.33,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-50068800
4332,13,06,1968,"Letters To The Editor (Press, 13 June 1968)","On 13 June 1968, a set of guidelines for submitting letters to the Editor was outlined. It was specified that letters should preferably be typed; if handwritten, they must be in ink and written on one side only. Each letter must include a legible signature and a full address, as P.O. box numbers are deemed insufficient. Authors are required to indicate whether their letters have been sent to other publications. The Editor retains the right to reject letters that do not meet the publication standards and will not return or acknowledge unsuitable submissions, although acknowledgements may be issued where appropriate. Furthermore, letters must not exceed 150 words. Several letters were referenced, with some being rejected for various reasons: O. Picton-Jones’s letter was too lengthy; a letter from X had insufficient information beyond what was reported from Sydney; the Shopkeeper was advised to wait for a court decision; and Mrs. L. A. George’s concerns about privileges were noted as applicable to many. R. Fittgerald’s correspondence regarding unemployment was not currently accepted, while C. D. Meurk and Christian Mother were both informed that further discussion on homosexual law and abortion, respectively, was not feasible at that time. Other letters, such as one from Merely David Adams, were acknowledged as contextually appropriate, while a respondent named Concerned was suggested to directly reach out to the individual mentioned in their letter. B. Andersen was reminded of the cost of courtesy in correspondence, and F.R.B. was informed that the topic in question was sub judice, which limited discussion. Finally, Th. E. Juarlus’s submission was also rejected for exceeding the word limit. The publication assured that all factories and food processing plants receive literature on safety and undergo regular inspections. In conclusion, Ball and Chain was encouraged to submit a compliant letter for consideration regarding their complaint.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19680613_2_89.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19680613.2.89,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-49032000
4333,21,06,1968,"Day Seminar On Homosexuality (Press, 21 June 1968)","The Canterbury Mental Health Association is organising a seminar focused on the sociological aspects of homosexuality, scheduled for September 1968. This event will gather a wide range of professionals, including magistrates, lawyers, doctors, psychologists, social workers, probation officers, police officers, nurses, schoolteachers, and clergy, who have been invited to participate. The seminar aims to encourage discussions around several key themes, including the causes, prevention, and treatment of homosexual disorders, the legal framework surrounding homosexuality, and societal attitudes towards it. Various speakers from legal, sociological, psychiatric, and other fields have accepted invitations to present their papers, contributing to a comprehensive exploration of these important issues.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19680621_2_53.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19680621.2.53,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-48340800
4334,26,06,1968,"Advice On Sabotaging Army (Press, 26 June 1968)","On 25 June 1968, it was reported that a controversial pamphlet selling for 5 cents was being circulated among students across Australia, which provided alarming instructions on how to sabotage the Armed Forces in response to conscription for the Vietnam War. The pamphlet, aimed at young men facing the possibility of being called up, included detailed guidance on starting fires, damaging radio and radar systems, disrupting aircraft, and incapacitating Army vehicles. This approach marks a significant shift from the previously non-violent methods employed by anti-conscription advocates, such as William White and Simon Townsend. The pamphlet has drawn severe criticism, with some describing it as ""treacherous, seditious and subversive."" The Australian Federal Attorney-General, Mr Nigel Bowen, has demanded a comprehensive report on the matter, reflecting concerns among government officials regarding the evolving tactics of the anti-conscription movement. This development follows a notable increase in support for anti-conscription efforts, especially after Townsend's legal victories against conscription, which drew significant media attention and public sympathy. The government's challenges have also been compounded by pressure from various sectors, including newspapers, churches, and educational institutions, which have sided with the anti-conscriptionists and compelled the government to make concessions to its National Service Bill. These events highlight the difficulties faced by the government in compelling service from individuals with strong convictions against military service. Additionally, an inquiry into the pamphlet coincides with plans by left-wing student groups from eleven universities to reinforce their anti-conscription stance through the formation of the Socialist Students' Alliance. This coalition aims to coordinate activities among radical student groups across Australia, and their commitment includes intensified efforts against conscription. The pamphlet, titled ""How Not To Join The Army,"" signals a movement away from passive resistance towards active disobedience and sabotage. It offers a mix of light-hearted tips and serious advice, warning that engaging in sabotage is meant only for the most committed individuals, who risk potential imprisonment. Suggestions included ways to fail medical exams, evade international travel restrictions, and disrupt military operations once enlisted. While some of the pamphlet's advice was delivered in a mockingly casual tone, it contained more pointed instructions on causing physical damage to military equipment. Claims were made regarding how easy it is to start fires and damage aircraft and vehicles, which could prompt significant concern from military authorities. Reportedly, around 5000 copies of the pamphlet had already been distributed within university settings, indicating the breadth of its reach and the urgency of the anti-conscription message among students.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19680626_2_110.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19680626.2.110,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-47908800
4335,29,06,1968,"Psychological Causes Of Crime (Press, 29 June 1968)","On 29 June 1968, Dr B. James, a senior lecturer in psychological medicine at the University of Otago, addressed the Canterbury Mental Health Association's annual meeting in Christchurch, discussing the relationship between societal frustration and crime. He noted that while not all crime can be attributed to psychiatric illness, there are significant socio-economic factors and deep-rooted early childhood experiences that can lead individuals to criminal behaviour. One example he highlighted was the prevalence of shoplifting among women, attributing such actions to unresolved crises that can emerge from one's childhood. Dr James elaborated that many adult behaviours, including promiscuity and irresponsible actions, often stem from issues faced in childhood. He commended the Canterbury Mental Health Association for its efforts in educating the community about healthy child-rearing practices, emphasising the importance of children feeling wanted and loved as fundamental to their ability to form friendships and love later in life. He further expressed concern over the New Zealand tendency toward physical discipline, arguing that this could lead to detrimental outcomes exemplified by the ""battered baby"" syndrome. Dr James drew attention to the emotional turmoil surrounding separations of young children from their parents due to hospitalisation, questioning existing regulations that prevent children under 12 from visiting parents in such settings. He suggested that accommodating arrangements to allow parental presence in hospitals would be beneficial. He challenged conventional notions of mental health care, asserting that for every individual seeking treatment, there are five to ten others who require psychological or psychiatric support but do not present themselves. He warned against categorising individuals with ""isms"" such as alcoholism or homosexuality, arguing that these labels reduce a person's complexity and can absolve them of personal responsibility by suggesting their condition is a medical issue rather than a personal choice. During the meeting, new officers of the Canterbury Mental Health Association were also elected, with Dr H. D. Livingstone taking the presidency. Others in elected positions included Professor H. R. Gray as vice-president, the Rev. C. A. Mitchell as secretary, and Mr J. B. Hindon as treasurer, alongside a diverse executive team comprising medical and community members. Dr James's presentation underlined the intricate links between mental health, childhood experiences, and societal behaviour, calling for greater community involvement and understanding in addressing these issues.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19680629_2_179_2.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19680629.2.179.2,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-47649600
7717,05,07,1968,"Petition Seeks Law Reform (Press, 5 July 1968)","On 4 July 1968, a petition was presented to the New Zealand Parliament advocating for significant reforms in criminal law, particularly concerning homosexuality and prisoner rehabilitation. The petition, introduced by Labour MP Mr J. L. Hunt on behalf of Dr A. M. Finlay, was developed by the New Zealand Howard League for Penal Reform, an established society focused on reducing crime rates and enhancing offender rehabilitation. The petition called for the implementation of recommendations from the British Wolfenden report, which suggested that consensual homosexual acts between adults in private should no longer be considered a criminal offence. This reflects a growing movement towards decriminalising homosexuality and acknowledging individual rights regarding personal relationships. In addition to the decriminalisation of homosexuality, the petition urged the Government to improve mental health resources, specifically emphasising the need for more psychologists and psychiatrists to address issues related to homosexuality. It also proposed reforms to the prison system, recommending the use of unwalled prisons for most inmates, following practices observed in some foreign facilities. This change aimed at creating a more rehabilitative rather than punitive environment for prisoners. Furthermore, the petition sought to limit the incarceration of first-time offenders, suggesting that alternative measures should be considered to prevent them from entering the prison system. It also called for adjustments in the criteria for probation staff, suggesting that the requirement for university entrance for applicants should be relaxed in appropriate cases. Additionally, the petition requested permission for prisoners to have home leave once a month, provided that public safety remained a priority. Lastly, it proposed that judges and magistrates involve a psychiatrist or psychologist, along with a welfare worker, in sentencing discussions to ensure a more informed and compassionate approach to punishment. This petition marks a significant moment in New Zealand's legislative history, highlighting the shift towards a more progressive stance on issues of sexuality and criminal justice reform.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19680705_2_98.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19680705.2.98,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-47131200
4336,11,07,1968,"Homosexuality Discussion (Press, 11 July 1968)","The Canterbury Mental Health Association is organising a discussion focused on the sociological aspects of homosexuality, set to take place in September 1968. The meeting will feature speakers from various professional fields, including legal, sociological, psychiatric, and others, who will present papers on relevant topics. This gathering will not be open to the public, making it a closed event aimed at professionals. Dr H. D. Livingstone, the chairman of the association, outlined that the attendees will include magistrates, lawyers, doctors, psychologists, social workers, probation officers, police officers, nurses, school teachers, and clergy. The discussion will cover various themes such as the causes, prevention, and treatment of homosexual disorders, the legal framework concerning homosexuality, and public attitudes towards sexual deviation.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19680711_2_44.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19680711.2.44,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-46612800
4337,09,08,1968,"Homosexuals “live Under Strain” (Press, 9 August 1968)","On 7 August 1968, Professor J. H. Robb, a sociology professor at Victoria University and president of the New Zealand Homosexual Law Reform Society, spoke about the challenges faced by homosexuals in New Zealand during an address to the society. He highlighted the mental strain that homosexual individuals experience due to societal pressures that prohibit open expression of their sexual desires. Dr Robb noted that many homosexual individuals often feel compelled to engage in their behaviour secretively, as public acknowledgment could lead to criminal charges. He mentioned that bisexuals who find themselves involved in homosexual activities and subsequently convicted may become fully identified as homosexual and marked by authorities. Dr Robb pointed out that most male homosexuals are not attracted to underage individuals, drawing a parallel to heterosexuals who similarly are not interested in immature girls. He also suggested that lesbianism among women is prevalent in New Zealand, though it does not attract the same level of societal disapproval as male homosexuality does. He asserted that ostracising male homosexuals results in a loss of potential contributions from talented individuals within the community. The professor’s comments included the assertion that about 5% of the population might be homosexual, yet the challenges in researching homosexuality remain significant due to a lack of understanding regarding its causes and the absence of any recognised “cure.” He argued that current societal attitudes contribute to ignorance regarding the issues faced by homosexual individuals. In a separate incident reported on 4 August in Las Vegas, a tragic event occurred when a stolen single-engine plane crashed into the tallest building in the city, claiming the life of the pilot, 39-year-old Everett Wayne Shaw. The aircraft collided with a sign atop the hotel, then crashed through the roof of the Las Vegas Convention Centre, with no other casualties reported. Police believe the crash may have been a bizarre suicide attempt, as Shaw left behind two notes indicating his despondency.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19680809_2_46.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19680809.2.46,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-44107200
4338,14,08,1968,"Incidence And Treatment Of Homosexuality Examined (Press, 14 August 1968)","An article by K. R. Daniels, published on 14 August 1968, discusses the complexities surrounding homosexuality, highlighting the emotional reactions it provokes and the importance of distinguishing these reactions from factual evidence. The author argues for a shift away from the taboo nature of the topic and advocates for a more informed public discourse on the subject. Research cited in the article suggests that a significant portion of the male population — estimated at 5% — identify as practising homosexuals, a statistic supported by the Wolfenden Report from the UK and Bryan Magee's recent research. The article argues that most homosexuals do not engage with mental health professionals or come into conflict with the law, indicating their prevalence within society. Additionally, Daniels notes that many primitive societies accept homosexual activities as normal, referencing a survey that found a majority of such societies acknowledge homosexual behaviour. The discussion also distinguishes between homosexuality and paedophilia, clarifying that paedophiliacs typically stem from different backgrounds and experience significant shame concerning their desires. Treatment for these individuals is noted as ineffective, primarily because they struggle to seek help due to societal stigma. Daniels takes a nuanced approach, arguing that child molestation cases should be managed with an emphasis on rehabilitating the offender and prioritising the welfare of the child victim. Law reform is a central theme of the article, with Daniels advocating for changes to laws governing consensual homosexual acts between adults, drawing comparisons to other western nations where such laws already exist. He stresses the humanitarian need for reform to reduce the stigma and persecution faced by minorities. The issue of blackmail arising from a hidden homosexual lifestyle is also raised, illustrating how existing laws contribute to abuse of power, especially among prominent individuals at risk of exposure. Daniels argues against imprisonment for homosexual acts, suggesting it leads to further resentment and exacerbates the very problems it seeks to address. He concludes by asserting that better societal attitudes and understanding can foster tolerance toward homosexuality, ultimately reflecting the need for a cultural shift rather than solely legislative changes to address issues surrounding sexual deviance. The rigid codes of conduct in Western culture regarding sexuality are cited as aggravating factors contributing to neuroses and social suffering, suggesting that a more open attitude toward sexual diversity might lead to greater acceptance and less suffering within society. Daniels is positioned as a psychiatric social worker from Christchurch Hospital, recently back from four years of study overseas, trying to contribute to an informed debate on this important social issue in New Zealand.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19680814_2_92.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19680814.2.92,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-43675200
4339,21,08,1968,"Views Sought On Homosexuality (Press, 21 August 1968)","The North American conference of homophile organisations, held in Chicago from August 15 to 19, 1968, concluded with a significant proposal for the upcoming political season. The 75 delegates gathered at the five-day event recommended that all political candidates be asked about their views on the penalties currently imposed on homosexuals in America. To facilitate this, local organisations were encouraged to send questionnaires to candidates for political office. In addition to this initiative, the conference adopted a ""homosexual bill of rights,"" which includes key demands for changing existing laws related to homosexuality. One of its major points is that individuals should not be denied employment solely on the basis of their sexual orientation. The local organisations were also urged to apply pressure on police forces, state legislatures, and the federal government to ensure the bill's provisions are enacted. Rev. Robert Warren Cromey, vicar of St Aidan’s Episcopal Church in San Francisco, chaired the conference. He indicated that an estimated 15 million homosexuals live across the United States, with local organisations typically comprising around 2,000 members each. Cromey asserted that most homosexuals are normal individuals, except for their sexual orientation, contributing positively to society and holding significant roles in various professional sectors. He emphasised that subjecting homosexuals to legal harassment or excluding them from employment opportunities due to their sexual orientation represents a violation of their Constitutional rights. Cromey, who is married with three daughters and identifies as a heterosexual, was among the new heterosexuals participating in this important meeting. The conference thus marked a pivotal moment in the fight for homosexual rights in America, advocating for equal treatment and against discrimination based on sexual orientation.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19680821_2_112.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19680821.2.112,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-43070400
7820,27,08,1968,"Sadler’s Wells Moves To The Coliseum (Press, 27 August 1968)","On August 21, 1968, London saw the opening of the new Sadler’s Wells Opera House, marking a significant development in the city’s arts scene. This venue, now located closer to the West End, replaces a previous location in Islington, about three miles away. The move is seen as a strategic challenge to the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, located just a mile away. The Coliseum, which had recently been used as a cinerama theatre, is returning to live theatre with the opera ""Don Giovanni."" The new pricing strategy at Sadler's Wells positions it as a competitor to Covent Garden, offering opera lovers the chance to see two performances for the price of one at the Royal Opera House. Ticket prices at the Coliseum range from 5 shillings to 45 shillings, attracting a large audience, evidenced by 40,000 advance bookings. The refurbishment of the Coliseum cost £130,000, transforming it back to its former elegance with red plush and walnut panelling. The renovation included significant alterations like enlarging the orchestra pit and changing the shape of the proscenium arch. The opening night featured notable figures in attendance, including Australian conductor Charles Mackerras, Sadler’s managing director Stephen Arlen, and esteemed theatre director Sir John Gielgud, who directed the inaugural production. Gielgud's experience in directing operas is highlighted, as this marks his third engagement in this role. The design aspect of ""Don Giovanni"" has drawn attention with contributions from 24-year-old designer Derek Jarman, indicating a fresh and perhaps controversial approach to the set design. As the Sadler’s Wells Opera House begins its new chapter, it signifies a shift in London's cultural landscape, sparking competition in the opera world and potentially changing how the public engages with live theatre.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19680827_2_79.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19680827.2.79,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-42552000
7821,28,08,1968,"Sadlers Wells Moves To The Coliseum (Press, 28 August 1968)","On 21 August 1968, the Sadler's Wells Opera House officially opened its doors in London's West End, marking a significant development in the city’s operatic scene. The venue's opening comes after the Coliseum's previous stint as a cinerama theatre, during which it faced a decline in reputation. Now, the Coliseum is being revitalised as a live theatre space, kicking off its new chapter with a production of Mozart's ""Don Giovanni."" Sadler’s Wells has made a strategic move relocating from Islington, approximately three miles away, to a location just steps from Trafalgar Square. This relocation is seen as a bold challenge to the Royal Opera House at Covent Garden, which is only a mile apart. The Royal Opera House may have cause for concern, as ticket prices for performances at Sadler’s Wells are notably lower, enabling patrons to attend two shows for the price of one at Covent Garden. Ticket prices at the Coliseum range from 5 shillings to 45 shillings, drawing large audiences with already 40,000 advance bookings. The restoration of the Coliseum has cost Sadler’s Wells £130,000, involving extensive renovations over several months. Workmen have been busy recreating the theatre’s vintage appeal, complete with red plush seating and walnut panelling, and enhancing the orchestra pit and proscenium arch to accommodate its new operatic purpose. The first night of ""Don Giovanni"" featured the notable Australian conductor Charles Mackerras in the orchestra pit, alongside key figures contributing to the production, including Stephen Arlen, managing director of Sadler's; Glen Byam Shaw, director of productions; and the resident designer, Margaret Harris, who operates under the name “Motley.” Sir John Gielgud, a renowned figure in British theatre, has taken on the role of director for this opera, marking his third experience in directing such performances. He brings his extensive background in Shakespearean theatre to guide the singers in this production, which has drawn attention due to the innovative set designs by 24-year-old Derek Jarman, noted for their controversial aspects. Overall, the opening of Sadler’s Wells Opera House and the return of the Coliseum to live performances not only rejuvenate London's cultural landscape but also ignite competition in the opera sector, promising audiences a richer and more varied operatic experience at more accessible prices.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19680828_2_72.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19680828.2.72,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-42465600
4340,05,09,1968,"Homosexuality In S.a. (Press, 5 September 1968)","On 5 September 1968, a report released by a Parliamentary committee in South Africa, which investigated homosexuality, revealed that the practice was more widespread than previously acknowledged across various societal levels. Major F. A. J. van Zyl, a senior police official, reported to the committee that a police raid in January uncovered around 300 men at a gathering in Johannesburg, most of whom identified as homosexual. He noted that even seasoned police officers were shocked by the extent of the situation. Following this raid, police conducted further investigations that indicated homosexuality was more prevalent in schools, universities, and cultural organisations than society had thought, with Major van Zyl asserting that urban areas faced more significant issues concerning homosexuality compared to rural ones. He advocated for legislation criminalising homosexual acts, whether in private residences or public. In contrast, Dr J. A. Goebler, Deputy Secretary for Social Welfare and Pensions, presented a differing perspective based on a recent departmental survey. Although he acknowledged that the occurrence of homosexuality was likely underestimated, he argued it did not pose a direct threat to the broader community. He cautioned that if legislation were implemented to criminalise homosexuality, it could lead to the prosecution of many prominent and productive members of society, which would have negative consequences for the community. The discussions indicated a rift between law enforcement's concerns about the rising visibility of homosexuality and the social welfare perspective, which urged caution in classifying it as a criminal issue. Overall, these debates reflected societal tensions regarding sexual orientation and the need for legislative responses in South Africa during that period.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19680905_2_123.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19680905.2.123,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-41774400
4343,30,09,1968,"Homosexuality And Society (Press, 30 September 1968)","At a seminar organised by the Canterbury Association for Mental Health on 28 September 1968, Dr L. K. Gluckman from Auckland presented an argument regarding the implications of societal acceptance of homosexuality. He proposed that acceptance could lead to the emergence of other non-conventional forms of sexual expression. Dr Gluckman stated that studies typically indicate that homosexuality is not the only form of unorthodox sexual behaviour present in societies where consensual homosexual practices occur. He noted the paradox that behaviours often deemed forbidden tend to attract individuals, leading to experimentation. Dr Gluckman argued that homosexuality, while commonly found across many cultures, is not biological in nature and should be treated appropriately, advocating for a perspective where medical science informs legislation rather than legislation dictating medical practice. He discussed the prevalence of homosexuality globally, asserting that it exists in many cultures despite being condemned. Dr Gluckman expressed skepticism towards the assertion that adult homosexuals lack interest in minors, citing evidence from transcultural literature. His own knowledge drew heavily from New Zealand’s Polynesian background and the Pacific Island immigrant community. Dr Gluckman claimed that homosexuality among males was virtually non-existent in pre-European New Zealand, suggesting its introduction came with European influence. He speculated that contact with European seamen may have facilitated these changes, resulting in the incorporation of homosexual relationships into Maori culture. He observed that ancient Maori accepted sexuality as a natural expression of life, but European religious morals and concepts of sin disrupted this acceptance, thus altering sexual practices within the community. He mentioned the absence of any word for lesbianism in the Maori language and noted that elderly Maori individuals had not encountered the concept in their lifetimes, while many younger Maori women identified as lesbians. Dr Gluckman also explored various sexual deviations and their cross-cultural dimensions, pondering the insufficient understanding of how counter-Christian beliefs shaped societal attitudes towards homosexuality throughout history. He concluded that environments that isolated the sexes or discouraged open sexuality were likely to foster homosexual expressions, although their permanence would depend on individual circumstances and contexts. Ultimately, he stated his belief that homosexuality influenced by genetic or endocrine factors is extremely rare, suggesting instead that homosexual behaviours often arise from a person’s environment and individual experiences.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19680930_2_134.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19680930.2.134,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-39614400
4341,30,09,1968,"Many “experts” On Sexual Problems (Press, 30 September 1968)","On 30 September 1968, at a Canterbury Association for Mental Health seminar, Mr D. F. Mackenzie, a senior research officer with the Department of Justice, addressed the complexities surrounding public perceptions of homosexuality. Speaking as an individual rather than in an official capacity, Mackenzie noted that societal attitudes towards sexual issues, particularly homosexuality, were often shaped by strong, yet misguided opinions held by even the least educated individuals. He highlighted that these views tend to be cruel, punitive, and authoritarian, stemming from a lack of understanding and sympathy. Mackenzie referred to a survey conducted in Australia, which indicated a prevailing traditional antipathy towards homosexuals, rooted in widespread misunderstanding. Many Australians harboured fears that legalising homosexuality would somehow facilitate its spread, a notion Mackenzie argued has been disproved. He emphasised that New Zealand’s strong puritanical heritage must be taken into account when analysing local attitudes towards homosexuality, as early settlers brought with them confrontational moral standards, alongside double standards for men and women regarding sexual behaviour. He pointed out that New Zealand society places immense pressure on masculinity, particularly illustrated through the cultural significance of rugby, where masculine displays are often accentuated. In the legal realm, Mackenzie outlined that while fornication, adultery and lesbian relationships between consenting adult women are subject to social moral standards, homosexuality, incest, and bestiality are classified under criminal law. He argued that regardless of legal standings, societal sanctions against homosexuality would persist. Mackenzie proposed a thorough debate on the pros and cons of legislation concerning homosexuality, with the hope that public knowledge on the matter might improve. Professor H. R. Gray, dean of the faculty of law at the University of Canterbury, affirmed Mackenzie's points by discussing the severe penalties laid out in New Zealand law for homosexual acts between males, contrasting this with the absence of legal repercussions for similar acts among adult women. He opined that the incidence of homosexual behaviour in New Zealand would not fluctuate significantly if the legal penalties for consenting adult homosexual acts were abolished. He suggested that there is a compelling argument for amending the law to eliminate sources of blackmail and to grant individuals who are homosexually oriented a better opportunity to reconcile their identity within society. Gray concluded that while reforming the law could help alleviate social stigma, it would not compromise the legal framework that serves to protect children from harm, an area where strict regulations would still be necessary. This discussion at the seminar indicates a growing recognition in 1968 of the need to reassess and reform laws related to homosexuality amidst an evolving societal understanding.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19680930_2_12.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19680930.2.12,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-39614400
4342,30,09,1968,"Some Causes Of Homosexuality (Press, 30 September 1968)","At a seminar on homosexuality held on 28 September 1968 at Christchurch Hospital, Dr R. W. Medlicott from Ashburn Hall in Dunedin presented controversial claims regarding the origins of homosexuality. Asserting that genetic factors had been largely discredited, Dr Medlicott argued that homosexuality was primarily rooted in problematic familial relationships, particularly between parents and their children. The event saw participation from a diverse group, including medical practitioners, sociologists, social workers, clergymen, nurses, lawyers, probation officers, and police officers. Dr Medlicott made a detailed analysis of the familial dynamics that could lead to an individual's homosexual orientation. He characterised certain parental behaviours that could hinder normal sexual development. For instance, he suggested that a mother might play an overly intimate, dominant, and denigrating role towards the father, while simultaneously being over-protective and demasculinising towards her son. As a result, the father often remained detached, unaffectionate, or even hostile, contributing to the child's struggle for a healthy male role model. The child could become affected by the conflicts between the parents, potentially being manipulated as a ""pawn"" in their disputes. In the case of females, Dr Medlicott noted that a mother's role could be ambivalent and competitive, discouraging femininity and inhibiting an easy relationship with the father or male peers. He pointed out that fathers who indulge in irresponsible behaviour, such as coming home intoxicated, could further complicate their daughters' capacity for healthy heterosexual adjustment. Dr Medlicott emphasised that individuals are not born with a homosexual orientation but that it develops as a result of their upbringing. He suggested that the condition could be potentially reversible, though acknowledged that with current resources only a small percentage of homosexuals might successfully transition to heterosexuality. He indicated that the absence of physical treatments renders psychoanalysis or psychoanalytic therapy as the primary avenue for addressing these issues. He remained optimistic that many could attain a better adjustment to life through these therapeutic approaches. In a separate note from the seminar, Mr P. J. Squire was elected as the new national president of the British Sailors’ Society of New Zealand during the society's annual meeting in Lyttelton on the same day.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19680930_2_106.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19680930.2.106,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-39614400
4344,09,10,1968,"Homosexual Law Reform Sought (Press, 9 October 1968)","On 8 October 1968, the New Zealand Homosexual Law Reform Society presented a petition to Parliament advocating the repeal of criminal penalties for homosexual behaviour between consenting adult males in private. This reform proposal mirrors the recommendations made by the Wolfenden Committee in Britain, which were accepted by the British Parliament the previous year. The petition was introduced by Mr A. H. Nordmeyer, a Labour MP from Island Bay, on behalf of the society. The petition has garnered support from a diverse group of individuals, including the society's president, Professor J. H. Robb from Victoria University, and its secretary, Mr J. W. Goodwin, a Wellington journalist. Additionally, it is signed by approximately 50 other individuals primarily affiliated with the churches, university faculties, and the legal and medical professions. Among the notable signatories are the Anglican Bishops of Auckland and Wellington, who endorse the petition in their personal capacities. The petition is endorsed by representatives from various denominations, including the Anglican, Methodist, Presbyterian, and Roman Catholic Churches. It also includes signatures from public hospital and consulting psychiatrists, as well as individuals with experience in the prison system or connections to the Department of Justice. This move towards legal reform reflects a growing recognition of the rights of homosexual individuals in New Zealand and aligns with similar trends in other countries, marking a significant point in the ongoing discussion surrounding social justice and legal inequalities.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681009_2_19.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681009.2.19,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-38836800
4345,09,10,1968,"Parliament’s Diary (Press, 9 October 1968)","On 9 October 1968, the New Zealand Parliament devoted its sessions to discussions regarding the Internal Affairs Estimates, alongside those of the Ministry of Works and the Police Department. The House was operating under a sense of urgency to address these estimates, which required immediate attention. During this session, Ministers responded to a total of seven questions raised by members of Parliament. In a notable moment, Mr A. H. Nordmeyer, representing the Labour Party for Island Bay, presented a petition from the Homosexual Law Reform Society. This petition called for amendments to the Crimes Act of 1961 in relation to homosexual law reform. Furthermore, notice was given regarding the intention to introduce two significant pieces of legislation: the Christchurch District Drainage Amendment Bill and the Ranfurly Licensing Trust Bill. These developments indicate ongoing legislative activity and social discussions within the Parliament at this time.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681009_2_252.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681009.2.252,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-38836800
4346,11,10,1968,"Rabbit Farm Comment (Press, 11 October 1968)","On 10 October 1968, concerns were raised regarding a proposal to establish a commercial rabbit farm in New Zealand, with a Department of Agriculture official highlighting the high investment costs associated with such a venture. The official mentioned that while fur production alone might not be viable, there could be potential in combining meat and fur production. However, it was noted that New Zealand would likely struggle to compete with Red China's current exploitation of available markets at competitive prices. The official confirmed that an application for a rabbit farm on 10 acres of land near Palmerston North was just one among approximately 100 applications submitted for similar farms. The Minister of Agriculture had previously indicated that without a significant export market for rabbit meat, existing prohibitions on such farming would remain in place. Additionally, a holder of a deer-farming licence suggested conducting a research project to evaluate the economic feasibility of rabbit farming, implying that it may be necessary to establish its viability or lack thereof definitively. The official further commented that backyard farming was becoming less viable in modern New Zealand, citing the successful broiler chicken industry, which operates on a large-scale, high-investment basis. As such, it seemed unlikely that rabbit farming would differ from this trend. In a separate note, the Parliamentary Petitions Committee would hold an open hearing on 23 October 1968 to consider a petition to repeal criminal penalties for homosexual behaviour between consenting males, allowing accredited press representatives to attend the session.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681011_2_246.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681011.2.246,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-38664000
4347,14,10,1968,"Parliament May Sit Until December (Press, 14 October 1968)","On 14 October 1968, reports from the New Zealand Press Association indicated that Parliament in Wellington is expected to continue its session until late November or early December, with potential concluding dates set for either 29 November or 6 December 1968. The current session commenced on 26 June 1968 and still has over 50 bills pending consideration, in addition to more than half of the Government's expenditure estimates yet to be approved. New legislative measures and a supplementary list of Government expenditure are also expected to be introduced. Among the bills awaiting discussion is the contentious Matrimonial Proceedings Amendment Bill. This proposal suggests that adultery should be removed as a ground for immediate divorce, instead making it a ground for separation. However, it is anticipated that this particular aspect of the bill will not be debated during the current session, as the Statutes Revision Committee is expected to review and postpone the adultery proposal for consideration in the recess. Another significant topic under consideration is the inquiry into Scientology. The Social Services Committee has devoted two full days to examining evidence for and against the organisation and is set to resume hearings the following week. The timeline for additional submissions and the committee's report to Parliament remains uncertain. The Petitions Committee is also preparing to commence public hearings regarding the potential abolition of criminal penalties for consensual homosexual acts between adult males. Simultaneously, the Government is aiming to push through several legislative measures, though it is believed that the caucus has resolved to delay a number of bills until the next session in light of the considerable volume of business currently before the House. Key legislative discussions include substantial bills addressing tax reform, mental health legislation, domestic and marriage procedure reforms, and measures targeting private broadcasting stations alongside the prohibition of illegal broadcasting operations. The last session of Parliament concluded in late November of the previous year, signalling the ongoing complexities and pressing issues faced by legislators in the current term.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681014_2_227.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681014.2.227,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-38404800
4348,18,10,1968,"Paparua Inquiry (Press, 18 October 1968)","An inquiry into allegations of homosexuality at Paparua Prison has been completed, as announced on 18 October 1968. The investigation, conducted by Mr. E. A. Lee, S.M., a retired senior magistrate from Christchurch, lasted four days. His report is expected to be submitted to the Justice Department in approximately three weeks. The inquiry was initiated following claims made by two inmates who escaped from the prison and expressed their disgust regarding homosexual activities within its confines. The superintendent of Paparua Prison, Mr. M. C. M. K. Carew, confirmed that anyone who provided statements related to the alleged homosexual practices was welcome to give evidence during the inquiry. A significant number of individuals took up this opportunity to share their accounts. The Justice Department deemed the investigation necessary to address these serious allegations and maintain integrity within the prison system.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681018_2_5.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681018.2.5,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-38059200
4349,24,10,1968,"Case Presented For Change In Homosexuality Law (Press, 24 October 1968)","On 23 October 1968, the Homosexual Law Reform Society presented to the Parliamentary Petitions Committee in Wellington, outlining their argument for the repeal of laws that made homosexual acts between consenting adult males a criminal offence. The society informed the committee that an estimated 40,000 to 50,000 males in New Zealand were homosexual. They proposed that changing the law would significantly reduce human suffering, highlight the illogical nature of existing laws, improve enforcement consistency, and argue that the punishment of homosexuals was a greater evil than the behaviours the law intended to prevent. Professor J. H. Robb, the society's president, described the profound social and emotional strain faced by homosexuals due to the current legal framework, which exacerbated their societal fears and legal guilt. He cited the dangers of blackmail as a dire consequence of the legislation, where individuals could be extorted without the ability to seek police assistance without facing their own prosecution. Robb referenced alarming instances, including the suicide of an elderly victim of blackmail related to their sexual orientation. The society also pointed out that the law discriminated based on gender, as only male homosexual acts were criminalised while comparable female homosexual acts were not. Robb highlighted that societal attitudes toward these acts remained largely negative, and suggested that the fear of prosecution could lead to further criminality, rather than deterring homosexual behaviour. He argued that the societal and individual costs of enforcing the current law—such as damage to careers and familial relations—outweighed any perceived benefits. The Department of Justice report corroborated the petitioners' estimates, affirming that homosexuality exists across various societal classes and is not exclusive to any particular group. The report suggested that criminalising homosexual acts did not serve the interests of public morality and instead perpetuated vulnerability among homosexuals to blackmail and social ostracism. Several organisations and religious groups, including various churches and the Howard League for Penal Reform, supported the call for legal reform, acknowledging the need for a more compassionate approach to homosexuals. In particular, the Methodist Church’s backing in 1961 had signalled an openness to change that appeared to be growing among other groups as well. Despite these arguments, some opposition was noted, including a statement from a private individual, Mr Charles Morgan, who contended that changing the law would diminish societal standards and control over what he termed “unnatural habits.” He expressed concern that legalising homosexual acts could lead to moral decay. The hearing concluded, with plans to resume discussions the following Wednesday, marking a significant point in New Zealand's ongoing dialogue regarding the rights of homosexual individuals and legal reform.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681024_2_264.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681024.2.264,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-37540800
4350,29,10,1968,"Chaplain’s View Of Homosexuals (Press, 29 October 1968)","On 29 October 1968, the Associated Churches of Christ held an annual conference in Nelson, where significant discussions regarding the legal status of homosexuality took place. The conference passed a motion advocating for changes to the law to decriminalise homosexual acts between consenting male adults in private. This motion was introduced by K. R. Daniels, a psychiatric social worker, who emphasised the Church's role in leading on social issues such as this one and highlighted the necessity of intellectual honesty concerning the emotive nature of the topic. Daniels condemned the prejudices surrounding homosexuality, asserting that such attitudes often dehumanise individuals, reducing them to derogatory terms. He referred to scientific evidence suggesting that homosexuality stems from deep-seated personality disturbances experienced in childhood, which are beyond the individual's control. He argued that the current legal system exacerbates the suffering of homosexuals and creates a duality in their existence. Seconding Daniels' motion, Rev. G. L. Sweet, a Christchurch prison chaplain, expressed his view that fears regarding the effects of legalising homosexuality were unfounded. He pointed out that homosexuals come from various professions and backgrounds, including lawyers, doctors, and teachers, and many of them are active church members. Sweet reiterated that in countries where laws had been revised to permit homosexual acts, there was no evidence supporting fears of increased homosexuality or negative societal impacts. He also addressed concerns about the safety of children, asserting that like heterosexuals, homosexuals tend to have little interest in children who are not developmentally mature. Sweet separated the issue of legality from morality, stating that moral and social concerns should be approached through appropriate societal means rather than through punitive legislation. The motion, which was supported by the conference, called for deeper exploration of the subject of homosexuality, recognising the need for moral evaluation, medical research, and law reform. The conference's resolution represented a progressive step within the Church towards addressing the complexities surrounding homosexuality and advocating for a more compassionate and understanding societal approach.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681029_2_139.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681029.2.139,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-37108800
4353,31,10,1968,"Deferment Sought (Press, 31 October 1968)","On 30 October 1968, the Parliamentary Petitions Committee in Wellington discussed a petition advocating the repeal of legislation criminalising homosexual acts between consenting adult males in private. The Thames Church of Christ Life and Advent requested a month’s delay in the committee’s decision to allow for further public discussion and the organisation of meetings to adequately present their opposition to the petition. Pastor C. C. Warner articulated several concerns regarding the proposal, arguing that it was too drastic, not in the public interest, and viewed homosexuality as an unnatural act warranting psychiatric intervention rather than legalisation. He emphasised that homosexuality was a moral sin condemned by scripture and a contributor to the decline of civilisations. In contrast, Rev. R. J. Hendry, representing the Homosexual Law Reform Society and speaking for Christian youth, supported the petition. He contended that homosexuals should be accepted and encouraged to live responsibly within their sexuality, emphasising that beneath any perceived aberration lay a human being full of potential. Hendry argued for compassion and understanding rather than judgment, stating that the law should not be based solely on societal disgust and citing a survey of Christian individuals which suggested a shift towards acceptance instead of condemnation of homosexuality. The Catholic Church’s social services committee, represented by Rev. P. J. Cullinane, offered cautious support for the proposed law amendment, provided that sufficient protections against exploitation were included. Cullinane suggested that law reform should not merely remove the criminality of homosexual acts but should also engage positively with the homosexual community, encouraging treatment. He raised concerns regarding the age of consent and the potential risks associated with legalising venues for homosexual activities, asserting that the law’s necessity for societal protection needed careful examination. The discussion was further informed by telegrams received by the committee, such as one endorsing the petition from an Auckland branch of the Homosexual Law Reform Society and another opposing it from a Thames couple. Additionally, submissions from Christchurch clinical psychologist Mr. V. J. Wilson expressed similar opposition, framing the criminalisation of homosexuality as necessary protection against what he described as a harmful lifestyle. Overall, the debate highlighted the deep divisions within the community regarding homosexuality, balancing moral considerations against calls for legal reform and societal acceptance, as the committee deliberated the implications of their decision on both public morality and the rights of individuals.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681031_2_177.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681031.2.177,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-36936000
4351,31,10,1968,"Homosexuality “present Law A Nuisance” (Press, 31 October 1968)","On 29 October 1968, a public meeting in Auckland discussed the possibility of reforming the law on homosexuality, with speakers advocating for a more expedited approach through a private member's bill rather than waiting for government action. Auckland barrister Mr F. Halgh commented that New Zealand's legal position on homosexuality was lagging approximately five years behind that of Britain. He highlighted the potential for private members' bills to facilitate change more swiftly. Dr R. Culpan, a consultant psychiatrist, expressed his frustration with the existing law, describing it as a ""jolly nuisance"" that aggravated the issues faced by individuals due to its additional legal sanctions. He believed that these legal barriers complicated therapeutic efforts aimed at helping those affected. Another speaker, Mr E. Braithwaite, a senior university lecturer, contributed to the discourse, while the meeting was chaired by the Rev. R. Thornley. The gathering, convened by the Rev. D. Brindon, resulted in the formation of an Auckland branch of the New Zealand Homosexual Law Reform Society. The attendees decided to send a telegram to the chairman of the Parliamentary Petitions Committee in Wellington, expressing their support for a petition calling for homosexual law reform currently under consideration by the committee.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681031_2_41.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681031.2.41,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-36936000
4352,31,10,1968,"Homosexuality Hearings Continue Of Case For Law... (Press, 31 October 1968)","On 30 October 1968, the Parliamentary Petitions Committee in Wellington continued hearings regarding a petition from the Homosexual Law Reform Society, which seeks to amend the Crimes Act of 1961 to decriminalise homosexual acts between consenting adult males in private. Professor J. H. Robb, the president of the society, informed the committee that while legalising such acts would not completely eliminate blackmail, it would significantly improve the situation by removing the threat of criminal prosecution, which is commonly exploited by blackmailers. However, he acknowledged that blackmailers could still resort to exposing a person's identity to their family. In his testimony, Robb challenged the notion that clergy who engage in homosexual acts should not preach, stating that homosexuals exist across all professions, including parliamentarians. He disagreed with claims that legalising homosexual acts might result in increased male prostitution. During questioning, Mr R. MacDonald expressed concern about the implications of clergymen being hypocritical while serving the church and highlighted the traditional stance of several religious institutions against homosexuality. The Rev. W. F. Ford from the Wellington District Methodist Church remarked that while churches consider homosexuality contrary to Christian morals, legal action is not the most effective method to address homosexuality issues. He mentioned that discussions within his church have revealed a general acceptance of the need for law reform regarding homosexuality. Professor Robb countered claims that a lack of increasing homosexual offences negates the need for legal reform. He argued that, considering approximately 4 to 5 percent of the population may identify as homosexual, their rights and circumstances warrant legislative change, similar to what would occur for any substantial minority group facing societal challenges. Mr Grieve, the committee chairman, pressed Ford about the compatibility of his arguments with the teachings of Jesus Christ. Ford maintained his belief that advocating for reform aligns with Christian tenets of compassion and forgiveness, albeit acknowledging Christ’s broader moral perspectives against adultery and similar actions. The committee is expected to hear additional opinions from Dr M. G. McKay, the superintendent of the Porirua Psychiatric Hospital, in the following week, after which the committee will deliberate on the petition for potential reforms.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681031_2_176.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681031.2.176,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-36936000
4355,01,11,1968,"Letters To The Editor (Press, 1 November 1968)","On 1 November 1968, the Editor outlined specific guidelines for readers wishing to submit letters for publication. Letters should preferably be typed, or else written in ink on one side of the paper only. Submissions must include a legible signature and a full address; a P.O. box number alone is not considered sufficient. Writers must indicate whether their letters have been submitted to other publications. The Editor noted that letters deemed unsuitable for printing cannot be returned or acknowledged, although exceptions may be made when necessary. Furthermore, letters are limited to a maximum of 150 words. The Editor addressed a few specific contributors: A. W. Ericson was reminded that their letter exceeded the word limit; Granny’s topic was no longer open for discussion; G. McKee was informed there was no room to address the Vietnam issue at that time; and the topic raised by “Keep Business Clean” regarding the imprisonment of debtors would not be revisited. Eileen Barker Brown was also told that there was no space for further correspondence on homosexual law reform. Finally, A. J. Roberts was informed that there are endless possibilities for calculations related to a topic discussed in the leading article the previous day.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681101_2_99.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681101.2.99,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-36849600
4354,01,11,1968,"Newspaper May Have Committed Breach (Press, 1 November 1968)","On 31 October 1968, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, Mr R. E. Jack, ruled that Wellington's evening newspaper, the ""Evening Post,"" had prima facie committed a breach of Parliamentary privilege due to a headline published the previous day. The headline stated: “Statistical claim is made that four M.P.s in New Zealand are probably homosexual.” This headline accompanied a report on hearings held by the Parliamentary Petitions Committee concerning a petition from the New Zealand Homosexual Law Reform Society, which sought the legalisation of homosexual acts between consenting adult males in private. During the committee hearing, the society's president, Professor J. H. Robb, had indicated that if Members of Parliament (M.P.s) reflected the general community, it would be reasonable to presume that at least four M.P.s were homosexual. Mr Jack acknowledged that Professor Robb's evidence did not constitute a breach of privilege, noting it was likely presented in good faith, despite it being an ill-judged and overly dramatic example. Mr Jack clarified that he had no concerns about the accuracy of the newspaper's report regarding Professor Robb’s statements, but he identified considerable issues with the impact of the newspaper's headline, deeming it much more provocative than the content of the article itself. He explained that the purpose of the Speaker's role in such matters was to prevent the House from being preoccupied with frivolous claims of privilege, which could distract from its essential business. The Leader of the Opposition, Mr Kirk, had previously accused the ""Evening Post"" of breaching Parliamentary privilege because of the headline and subsequently moved for the issue to be referred to the Committee of Privileges. This motion was met with unanimity in Parliament, reflecting widespread agreement on the necessity of addressing the matter.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681101_2_7.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681101.2.7,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-36849600
4357,02,11,1968,"Blackmailer Alleged Homosexual Advance (Press, 2 November 1968)","On 1 November 1968, Barry Thomas Jack, a 25-year-old man, appeared in the Dunedin Magistrate’s Court after being charged with extortion. The charge stemmed from his attempt to obtain NZ$2,000 by threatening to reveal allegations of sexual misconduct against another man, whose identity was kept confidential by the Court. Jack, who did not have legal representation, pleaded guilty to the charge. Detective Sergeant R. Bridge informed the Court that on 31 October, the complainant approached the police to report a telephone call he had received on 29 October. During this call, a man, later identified as Jack, demanded NZ$2,000, threatening to disclose details of the complainant's purported sexual misconduct if the money was not paid. Following police advice, the complainant contacted Jack again and proposed to give him NZ$1,000 instead. They arranged to meet at the complainant's residence for the transaction. That evening, the police positioned themselves at the complainant's house, where they arrested Jack when he arrived. Initially, Jack claimed he was merely a friend visiting for a drink but later confessed to making the threatening call. According to Jack, he had been invited to spend Labour Day weekend at the complainant's bach, where the complainant had made unwanted sexual advances towards him. Feeling disgusted by the encounter, Jack sought revenge by attempting to extort money from the complainant, asserting that he intended to return the money after receiving it. The Magistrate found Jack guilty and remanded him until 6 November for a probation officer's report and sentencing, while also advising him to seek legal counsel.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681102_2_254.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681102.2.254,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-36763200
4356,02,11,1968,"Homosexuality Law Change Backed (Press, 2 November 1968)","On 1 November 1968, the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of New Zealand convened in Auckland, where they discussed their stance on current legislative proposals regarding homosexuality. The assembly expressed support for the proposed changes, with Mr Jenkins articulating that while many adult males might engage in homosexual acts, it does not necessarily classify them as homosexuals. He emphasised the inappropriate nature of allowing societal pressures towards homosexuality to thrive. Mr R. T. Feist, the convener of the public questions committee, referenced Justice Department statistics indicating that 4 per cent of adult males in New Zealand identified as exclusively homosexual. He asserted the need to accept these individuals while also advocating for interventions that would help them manage their homosexual tendencies, suggesting that legal reforms could encourage individuals to seek assistance without the fear of legal repercussions. The Rev. L. H. Jenkins acknowledged Feist’s sentiments but argued for a distinction between true homosexuals and those who merely engage in homosexual acts, labelling such actions as a deviation from divine intention and a violation of the human body. He called for proper education regarding homosexuality to better understand the issue. The Rev. D. C. Mence shared his experiences, noting that during his time in a previous parish, he had encountered numerous homosexuals, many of whom had faced threats of blackmail. He contended that the Church's endorsement of the proposals before Parliament would alleviate some of the fear these individuals experienced about their personal lives and the potential impact on their happiness and family stability. Conversely, the Rev. A. G. Gunn opposed the motion, claiming that approval would tarnish the Church’s reputation among ethical individuals by asserting that homosexuals were not inherently predisposed but rather sought such behaviours for thrill. The Rev. R. J. Blaikie added to the discussion, stating that while there were genuine homosexuals, many do not engage in sexual acts, reiterating that the Church’s general stance is against sexual conduct outside of marriage, hence analogous expectations should apply to homosexuals as well. Overall, the assembly's debate highlighted the complexities and differing opinions within the Church regarding homosexuality, underscoring the need for a nuanced conversation on the subject as it related to morality, legality, and support for individuals identified as homosexuals.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681102_2_117.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681102.2.117,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-36763200
4358,04,11,1968,"Comment From The Capital Privilege Breach Charge... (Press, 4 November 1968)","On 3 November 1968, the Speaker of the House, Mr R. Jack, ruled that there was a prima facie case of breach of Parliamentary privilege against the “Evening Post” following a complaint raised by the Leader of the Opposition, Mr Kirk, and supported by the Acting Prime Minister, Mr Marshall. This ruling facilitates the referral of the matter to the Parliamentary Select Committee on Privileges, which will determine whether a breach occurred and recommend any potential penalties. The final decision, however, rests with Parliament itself. The case revolves around a twelve-word headline that was deemed potentially problematic. While the Speaker noted that the headline did not misrepresent the content of a deposition made by Professor J. H. Robb, the president of the New Zealand Homosexual Law Reform Society, the focus lies in whether the headline fairly summarised the deposition. The Privileges Committee, composed of party leaders and three legally trained Parliament members, will conduct a detailed examination of the facts. This committee has not taken significant action since 1912, when it censured two individuals. Historically, the Privileges Committee lacks the authority to impose firm penalties autonomously, often resolving issues through apologies or acceptance rather than punishment. Parliamentary powers include the capacity to impose fines or even imprisonment for privilege breaches; however, these measures raise practical complications, as the Sergeant-at-Arms lacks jurisdiction beyond Parliament, leading to absurd situations in the past. The tensions surrounding the current case highlight the delicate nature of media scrutiny and legislative privilege. The comparison between the impact of a headline and a detailed report is central to the consideration, as the force of a headline can disproportionately influence readers. Although the initial publication may not have attracted widespread attention, the controversy incited by Mr Kirk's remarks has drawn significant public focus to both the article and headline, raising broader discussions around media accountability and respect for Parliamentary proceedings. The Privileges Committee is tasked with navigating these nuanced issues, weighing the significance of the headline against the context provided in the complete article.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681104_2_88.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681104.2.88,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-36590400
4359,09,11,1968,"Official Inquiry Called For Into Homosexuality (Press, 9 November 1968)","On 8 November 1968, Dr A. M. Finlay, the legal spokesman for the Labour Party, addressed Parliament advocating for the establishment of an independent commission to investigate the issue of homosexuality. He argued that such an inquiry would enable the public to examine the topic in a calm and dispassionate manner, free from emotional bias. His comments came during a debate regarding the Petitions Committee's report, which declined to recommend any changes regarding a petition put forth by the New Zealand Homosexual Law Reform Society. The petition sought to amend the Crimes Act of 1961 to legalise homosexual acts between consenting adult males in private. The Petitions Committee had conducted public hearings last month, receiving arguments for and against the proposal. Mr G. G. Grieve, the chairman of the committee, remarked that the submissions had been thoroughly considered. He expressed personal disapproval of homosexuality and questioned the moral justification of church leaders who supported legalising homosexual acts, stating he found it puzzling given the biblical condemnation of such behaviour. Other members of the committee echoed similar sentiments, noting concerns that amending the law could lower societal moral standards and eventually harm the protection of youth. Mr A. H. Nordmeyer, who presented the petition, expressed his reservations about changing the law in light of the evidence gathered. He suggested that a comprehensive inquiry might be needed for Parliament to properly address the issue of criminalising homosexual acts. He clarified that many church leaders advocating for change still deemed homosexual acts sinful but believed legal reform was necessary. An expert testimony before the committee in favour of legalisation noted that many individuals lived in fear of the existing laws, which could lead to imprisonment. However, Mr Grieve maintained that the current laws served as a deterrent against what he labelled a ""revolting"" act. Another committee member, Mr R. L. G. Talbot, aligned with Grieve’s viewpoint, asserting that any legal change would lower the nation’s moral standards and provide no safeguard against the spread of what they termed ""unnatural acts"". Dr Finlay expressed disappointment in the committee's “no recommendation” stance, indicating that New Zealand’s social change was slower compared to other countries and suggesting that petitioners might have been premature in their approach. He reiterated the need for a scientific inquiry to address the complexities surrounding homosexuality, indicating that the current understanding was insufficient for accurate diagnosis or treatment. He suggested that a prison sentence would not rectify the issue, framing homosexuality as a reflection of a deeper psychological problem rather than a physical one. He concluded by urging Parliament to wait and observe the implications of recent British legislation permitting homosexual acts before making any definitive legal changes.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681109_2_243.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681109.2.243,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-36158400
4361,09,11,1968,"Parliament’s Diary (Press, 9 November 1968)","On 9 November 1968, the New Zealand Parliament reconvened, introducing the Maori Purposes Bill, which underwent a pro forma second reading before being referred to the Maori Affairs Committee. During the session, the annual report from the Waterfront Industry Commission was presented, and ministers responded to a total of 20 questions posed by members. Additionally, the Petitions Committee submitted a report regarding a petition from the New Zealand Homosexual Law Reform Society, which requested an amendment to the Crimes Act. However, the committee did not make any specific recommendations on this matter. The House witnessed the reading and passing of eight bills at their third reading stage. Furthermore, reports concerning three other bills were also approved. The proceedings continued as the House engaged in a committee discussion on the Broadcasting Authority Bill, which was ongoing when Parliament adjourned at 4 p.m. for the day, with plans to reconvene at 2.30 p.m. on Tuesday.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681109_2_247.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681109.2.247,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-36158400
4360,09,11,1968,"Society’s Views (Press, 9 November 1968)","On 9 November 1968, the president of the Homosexual Law Reform Society, Professor J. H. Robb, expressed strong feelings that parliamentary opinion regarding the reform of homosexual laws was lagging behind public sentiment. Following the announcement from the Petitions Committee, he indicated that the society would continue its efforts to garner support for proposed reforms. Professor Robb noted that recent evidence suggested public backing for the changes was greater than anticipated when the petitioning process began. In contrast, Mr R. T. Feist, the convener of the public relations committee of the Presbyterian Church, issued a statement clarifying the church's stance. He maintained that while the church does not condone immorality, its support for the petition was grounded in the belief that removing the threat of criminal prosecution would allow for more constructive assistance to homosexuals. Mr Feist emphasised the need for the church and society to address the challenges surrounding the issue, which had been previously ignored due to prevailing societal revulsion. Furthermore, Mr K. R. Daniels, a senior psychologist at Christchurch Hospital, voiced his disappointment with the Petitions Committee's decision. He remarked on the significance of the individuals advocating for legal change, noting that they were often those who had witnessed the human suffering caused by existing laws. Mr Daniels highlighted that support for law reform in New Zealand echoed a similar movement in Britain, where change was backed by leading church figures, including the Archbishops of Canterbury and York, as well as various church assemblies, including the Methodist Conference and a committee formed by the Roman Catholic Church.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681109_2_244.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681109.2.244,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-36158400
6562,13,11,1968,"Rulings On 19 Books; Five To Be Banned (Press, 13 November 1968)","On 12 November 1968, the Indecent Publications Tribunal in Wellington made significant rulings regarding several books and a magazine. The chairman, Mr L. G. H. Sinclair, S.M., announced that five books were declared indecent, eight were found indecent in the hands of individuals under 18, and five books along with one magazine were deemed not indecent. The books ruled indecent were “The Memoirs of a Paris Madame” by the Marquis de Sade (translated by P. J. Gillette), “The Young Temptress” by Stephen Harding, “Smalltown Sex Today” by Victor J. Banis, “Hollywood’s Sexual Underground” by Roger Jordan, all published by Medico Books, Los Angeles, and “Lesbianism and the Single Girl” by Roger Blake. Eight books ruled indecent in the hands of persons under 18 included titles such as “Twilight Women Around the World” by R. Leighton Hasselrodt and several works by Dr Walter Braun, among others. “My Secret Life” by an unknown author was found indecent, except for those over 18 involved in relevant professional or academic studies. The tribunal also assessed books deemed not indecent, including “Querelle of Brest” by Jean Genet, “Myra Breckenridge” by Gore Vidal, and “Satyricon: Memoirs of a Lusty Roman” by Titus Petronius Arbiter. Mr Sinclair argued that “Myra Breckenridge” was a sophisticated satire of contemporary culture, noting its comedic elements rather than prurient content. In discussing “Querelle of Brest,” he praised its unflinching honesty and artistic integrity. “Satyricon” was defended based on its classical status and its moral tone, and Sinclair remarked that the book maintained a degree of responsibility by the editor. The chairman critiqued the promotional strategies of some titles, suggesting that misleading covers did a disservice to their actual content. Notably, he described “Oriental Love in Action” as a readable story that did not warrant its promotional style and said that “Secret Techniques of Erotic Delight” contained helpful advice for achieving satisfying sexual relationships, despite its misleading title. Overall, Mr Sinclair concluded that the evaluated works varied significantly in merit, intent, and effect, leading to the tribunal's diverse classifications regarding indecency. The discussion revealed ongoing tensions in societal perceptions of sexual content and literature amid changing cultural values in New Zealand.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681113_2_239.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681113.2.239,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-35812800
4362,14,11,1968,"Scandinavians To Have More Sexual Freedom (Press, 14 November 1968)","On 14 November 1968, the ""New York Times"" News Service reported significant shifts in sexual attitudes and laws in Denmark and Sweden, two countries known for their liberal stances on such matters. In Denmark, the Government has introduced a bill to abolish existing censorship measures for adult motion pictures and plans to eliminate obscenity as a criminal offence. A Ministry of Justice official commented that regulating sexual issues is challenging due to their subjective nature relating to taste and morals, which are difficult to legislate. The Danish Government also aims to legalise the sale of pornographic images depicting sexual acts, following last year's legalisation of written pornography. Although the market for pornographic materials had declined since legalisation, sales of hardcore pornography had surged, with such materials readily available despite their nominal illegality. In Sweden, there is an expectation that a Parliamentary committee will soon recommend easing abortion laws, allowing women to decide within 12 weeks of conception whether to continue with a pregnancy. Additionally, proposals for loosening film censorship and abolishing unenforced prohibitions on pornography are anticipated in the parliamentary discussions. These developments further reinforce Scandinavia's reputation as a sexually permissive region, highlighted by statistics showing that 48 per cent of firstborn children in Sweden are born less than eight months after marriage, suggesting premarital conception is often merely a signal for weddings rather than a societal scandal. However, neighbouring countries like Norway and Finland exhibit more conservative attitudes and laws in contrast to Denmark and Sweden. Notably, Norway's Minister of Church and Education, Kjell Bondevik, expressed concerns over declining morals in society. In contrast, a Swedish Government Minister dismissed the significance of sexual matters, indicating that many young people are occupied with work and entertainment rather than sexual issues. Both Copenhagen and Stockholm visibly reflect their liberal attitudes towards sexuality, with numerous shops prominently displaying hardcore pornographic materials under signage reading ""sex shop"" or ""porno."" These shops reportedly attract a significant number of international tourists, particularly from the United States, Britain, and West Germany, who account for over half of sales. Most printed materials available are in Danish or Swedish, and it is anticipated that with the removal of censorship, sex films may initially become more explicit, though the real transformation might occur in offerings of horror and violent films, which many Scandinavians reportedly find more objectionable than sexual content. Despite the growing sexual permissiveness, homosexual activity persists under a cloud of societal stigma, remaining relatively discreet, with a few ""gay bars"" reported in Copenhagen and a more subdued atmosphere in Stockholm.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681114_2_183.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681114.2.183,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-35726400
4363,19,11,1968,"N.z. Season Possible (Press, 19 November 1968)","An Australian production of the homosexual play ""The Boys in the Band"" is currently enjoying full houses in Sydney and may be introduced to New Zealand in 1969. The play is being staged at the Playbox Theatre in Sydney, with promoter Mr H. M. Miller expressing interest in presenting it in Auckland as a potential joint production with the Mercury Theatre. The Sydney season is expected to run for an additional two months before the show moves on to Melbourne and Adelaide. In addition to ""The Boys in the Band,"" Mr Miller indicated that he aims to bring notable performers such as Sammy Davis Jr and Mahalia Jackson to New Zealand next year.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681119_2_93.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681119.2.93,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-35294400
4364,21,11,1968,"Headline Found To Breach Privilege (Press, 21 November 1968)","On 20 November 1968, the Parliamentary Privileges Committee in New Zealand reported its findings regarding a headline published by the “Evening Post” that was deemed a breach of parliamentary privilege. This was related to a petition that sought to legalise homosexual acts between consenting adult males. Prime Minister Mr Holyoake, who chaired the committee, stated that the headline failed to accurately reflect the substance of the evidence provided by Professor J.H. Robb during the hearings before the Parliamentary Petitions Committee. The committee maintained that the misleading nature of the headline could undermine the public’s respect for Parliament. Mr Holyoake clarified that the criticism was directed at Parliament as an institution rather than at individual members. Although the editor of the “Evening Post” did not fully agree that the headline lowered the esteem of Parliament, he expressed regret for any negative perception created by the article. In response to the findings, the “Evening Post” editor indicated plans to publish an apology acknowledging that the headline may have contributed to a diminished view of Parliament. The proposed apology clarified that the misleading headline was unintentional and asserted that the “Evening Post” had no malice in its reporting. Attorney-General Mr Hanan spoke regarding the matter, emphasising that the breach of privilege involved Parliament as a whole, stating that it was a significant affirmation of parliamentary rights. He suggested that the incident highlighted the importance of press responsibility within a parliamentary democracy. Mr Hanan concluded that, due to the expression of regret from the newspaper, the matter should be considered closed. Dr A.M. Finlay, another member of the committee, supported Mr Hanan’s remarks. He noted that the editor seemed somewhat puzzled over how the headline could lead to such confusion. There was a discussion about the term ""statistical"" used in the headline, which could mislead readers unacquainted with its context. After reflecting on this feedback, the editor acknowledged that many readers might have misconstrued the headline, potentially believing it implied a statistical analysis of Parliament’s views on homosexuality. Overall, this incident served to reinforce the principles of parliamentary privilege and the responsibilities of the press in reporting on issues of public interest.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681121_2_15.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681121.2.15,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-35121600
4365,21,11,1968,"Prison Reform (Press, 21 November 1968)","On 20 November 1968, the Parliamentary Petitions Committee in Wellington recommended that the New Zealand Government consider a petition from the New Zealand Howard League aimed at reforming the penal system. This petition was presented to Parliament in July of the same year and outlined several proposals for changes within the correctional framework. Notably, one of the suggestions was to decriminalise homosexual acts between consenting male adults, although the committee's recommendation did not specifically address this matter. Among the reform proposals suggested by the Howard League, several key initiatives were highlighted. These included the establishment of unwalled prisons for the majority of inmates, with the exception of those who required confinement. The petition also called for research into the underlying causes of crime in an effort to develop preventative measures, along with strategies to decrease the number of first offenders entering the prison system. Another significant proposal was the introduction of home leave for prisoners, with an initial focus on allowing one month of leave for all inmates, contingent upon public safety. Additionally, the league proposed that a welfare worker and psychiatrist be appointed to the judiciary to provide advisory support during sentencing. Finally, they advocated for an expansion of the powers of parole boards, proposing that they should be able to remit two-thirds of a sentence, as opposed to the current maximum of one-quarter. In related news, a ceremony was scheduled for 10 December 1968 to mark the completion of the new maximum security prison located at Paremoremo, Auckland.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681121_2_199.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681121.2.199,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-35121600
7004,22,11,1968,"Man Becomes Woman (Press, 22 November 1968)","Gordon Langley Hall, a writer and the adoptive son of actress Dame Margaret Rutherford, has undergone a sex change operation and is planning to marry John Paul Simmons, a man of African American descent. Most of Hall's British family, including Dame Margaret, support the decision, although a great aunt expressed a reservation about her marrying a Baptist. Dame Margaret, known for her portrayal of Miss Marple in Agatha Christie adaptations, shared her pride in the family, noting that they now have two adoptive sons and two daughters after Hall’s transition to Dawn Langley Hall. While Hall’s operation has not caused significant concern among her family, the news of her marriage has generated surprise within Charleston's high society, where Gordon once held a place. In an interview, Hall, now 31 (though some reports suggest she is 39), discussed her operation at Johns Hopkins Hospital, where she began to develop female characteristics. Hormone treatments complemented the surgery. A spokesperson from Johns Hopkins confirmed that Hall had been a patient but declined to comment further. Hall and Simmons, a former garage mechanic and the youngest of eleven siblings, originally planned to marry at a Baptist church in Charleston, where Simmons' father serves as a deacon. However, they abandoned that plan due to threats of violence against the church. Instead, they will have an Anglican wedding in England, which Dame Margaret and her husband, actor Stringer Davis, hope to attend. Miss Hall expressed her desire to return to Charleston with Simmons after their marriage, aiming to live peacefully despite the reactions from her former social circle. She articulated her contentment with her new life, stating, “I was sick and now I'm well,” and affirming their happiness together.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681122_2_105.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681122.2.105,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-35035200
4366,10,12,1968,"Society Opposed To Inquiry (Press, 10 December 1968)","On 10 December 1968, the New Zealand Homosexual Law Reform Society expressed skepticism regarding an official commission of inquiry into homosexuality and the law, which had been suggested following the Petitions Committee's report on the society's recent petition to Parliament. The society's President, Professor J. H. Robb, remarked that the supporters of an inquiry, including certain Parliamentarians and church members, may not have fully considered the potential limitations of such a process. Professor Robb pointed out the difficulty of formulating terms of reference for the inquiry that would not either replicate the findings of the Wolfenden Committee in Britain or set unattainable goals specific to New Zealand. He noted that committees are often utilised as means of delaying action, and their findings can remain unaddressed for substantial periods. He asserted that ample evidence already exists for Parliament to examine and determine the validity of the society's claims, eliminating the need for a lengthy inquiry. The statement from the society also highlighted that the Justice Department appears informed about the need for legislative change on the matter. The law reform movement has garnered support from a diverse array of professionals, including experts in law, medicine, and social work, as well as from organisations like the Jaycees and numerous churches. However, they observed that the general sentiment among Parliament members seems to lag behind public opinion, which is increasingly supportive of reform. The society indicated that existing research, both locally and from similar overseas communities, had been compiled and shared with the Parliamentary committee. They pointed out that while some local research had been pursued, it was limited due to the lack of medical and social work experts and the challenges of operating within New Zealand's small, closely-knit community, where individuals often fear identification. Moreover, one submission to the Petitions Committee had proposed that New Zealand homosexuals were fundamentally different from those in Britain, the United States, or Northern Europe; however, this assertion lacked support from professional publications or discussions among experts. The society raised concerns that disregarding the opinions of professionals might necessitate involving overseas experts in an inquiry, a move that would likely be costly and time-consuming. Professor Robb compared the situation to that of the Wolfenden Committee, which spent three years deliberating on similar issues, concluding that any expedited investigation would probably yield unproductive results. The original Wolfenden Committee had engaged with various professional associations and experts to gather comprehensive evidence, whereas the Petitions Committee appeared to have dismissed their conclusions and those from several church committees. The society ultimately argued that it would be unrealistic to expect homosexual individuals to provide the necessary firsthand insights for an inquiry due to fears of stigma, leading to an incomplete and skewed understanding. Instead, they contended that enhancing public comprehension of social issues related to homosexuality is as crucial as pursuing legislative reforms. They believed that the educational efforts of supportive organisations would be more impactful than an official inquiry.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681210_2_173.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681210.2.173,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-33480000
4367,28,12,1968,"N.z. Actress In Hollywood Role (Press, 28 December 1968)","Miss Rosalie Williams, a former nurse from Christchurch, has found significant success in Hollywood with her role as a “very bitchy and bossy Australian” in the controversial film, ""The Killing of Sister George."" This film explores the lives and homosexual relationships of women working in a television hospital series. Williams plays an assistant to the producer character, Mercy, portrayed by Australian actress Coral Browne. To embody her character, she has adopted a broad Australian accent, and her nearly six-foot frame has been padded for the role, while her hair is cropped and bleached. Despite some criticism of the film's sensationalism from director Bob Aldrich, Williams supports the film's intentions, believing it serves to inform audiences, particularly parents, about issues often hidden from view. The film has sparked conversations, and she hopes it will generate additional acting opportunities for her. Williams noted that filming involved closed sets for explicit love scenes, notably shot at a lesbian club in London, where real club members served as extras. Williams expressed confidence in her role, not worrying about public perception. She believes authenticity in performance is important, asserting she would take on a nude scene if it suited the character. The film has been well-received, showing to full houses, and she enjoyed working under Aldrich, whom she described as a ""marvellous director"" with a deep understanding of actors. Her path to Hollywood began when the casting director for 20th Century Fox discovered her during a Las Vegas revue. Initially, she worked in private nursing while seeking acting representation, highlighting a pragmatic attitude toward her rise in the industry. Williams rejected the notion of attending Hollywood parties to gain fame, stating that hard work, talent, and a professional approach are necessary for respect in the business. Living in Los Angeles has its challenges; she mentioned the adverse effects of smog, which makes her feel tired and irritable. While she finds solace in performances in locations such as Hawaii and Lake Tahoe, she also advocates for better control of air quality in Los Angeles. Williams's journey in performing arts began in Australia in 1957, leading her to London where she trained in drama and dance. Her career included a stint with the Bluebell Girls in Paris and Las Vegas, gaining recognition for her involvement in a ""topless"" revue. Although she enjoys serious acting, she acknowledges that romantic lead roles have not been offered to her, candidly stating she does not see herself as the archetypal glamorous leading lady. She remains aware of the dark side of show business, having witnessed the downfall of friends in the industry. To maintain perspective, Williams consciously carves out time for relaxation, finding gardening particularly soothing. Her friendship circle includes those from outside entertainment, though she is also connected to several well-known figures in Hollywood.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19681228_2_12_3.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19681228.2.12.3,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-31924800
4368,04,01,1969,"General News (Press, 4 January 1969)","Emergency services at Christchurch Airport were put on stand-by on 3 January 1969 when a United States Navy Hercules aircraft landed with one propeller feathered. However, a spokesperson from the United States Navy Antarctic support force headquarters confirmed that there was no issue with the aircraft; the feathering was part of a practice drill. In Christchurch, cooler temperatures were noted at local beaches due to a light easterly wind, resulting in lower attendance compared to the previous days. Surf conditions at Taylor’s Mistake reached between 3ft to 4ft, while other beaches reported surf of less than 2ft. Waimairi Beach experienced a choppy sea, where a 3ft shark was caught, and several porpoises were spotted at Waimairi and Pegasus Beach. In other news, D. Coghlan, a miner from Reefton, achieved what is believed to be a New Zealand coal-shovelling record by filling a half-ton hopper in 56.65 seconds, which was nearly ten seconds faster than his closest competitor. The previous record holder, L. Warren, struggled and took 75.65 seconds to complete the task. On 2 January, the Governor-General Sir Arthur Porritt and his family enjoyed a less successful fishing day aboard the Tauranga Harbour Board tug Rotorua, catching only a dozen fish, primarily the tarakihi and rock cod, with Miss Joanna Porritt being the most successful angler. International weather reports indicated widely varying conditions, with Rome experiencing a sunny day with temperatures ranging from 34 to 58 degrees, while London had some sun with temperatures from 41 to 48 degrees. Other cities including Berlin and Amsterdam faced rain and overcast skies. A study is set to be conducted in the United Kingdom to examine the treatment and advice available for homosexuals following a change in legislation. Professor D. L. Mathieson from Victoria University will investigate the counselling efforts of the Albany Trust and similar organisations during a year-long study leave at Oxford University. Fishing enthusiasts were pleased as Mr. J. Gajewski from Melbourne caught three American brook trout at Taupo, weighing 4lb 13oz, 5lb 4oz, and 3lb 4oz. Brook trout are considered a high-quality catch but are rare, with approximately 700 of them released above the Hinemaiaia dam since 1952. In the dairy sector, Waikato’s dairy production has rebounded after a poor start to the season, catching up with the previous year's outputs and potentially exceeding them in some factories, aided by improved feed conditions following recent rain.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690104_2_112.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690104.2.112,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-31320000
4369,23,01,1969,"Argument About “pot” Report On Cannabis And The... (Press, 23 January 1969)","W. F. Deedes, a Conservative Party M.P. for Ashford, has expressed concerns regarding the implications of the Wootton Committee's report on cannabis, or ""pot,"" in an article published in the Daily Telegraph on 23 January 1969. He describes the report as a significant political dilemma for the Home Secretary, caught between medical facts and the realities of political expediency. The timing of the report has raised eyebrows as it follows a troubled year for cannabis users facing legal penalties. Deedes highlights that the report contributes to an ongoing generational conflict and suggests it could be perceived by conservatives as a move towards excessive permissiveness, undermining established authority. The crux of the issue, as outlined by Deedes, is whether it is politically defensible to maintain laws that contradict the scientific evidence regarding cannabis. He cites discussions with doctors involved in drug research, who argue that while cannabis is not entirely safe, it is less dangerous than previously assumed. He critiques the classification of cannabis as comparable to heroin under the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1965, describing this as ""nonsense"" that could undermine societal confidence in authority regarding all dangerous substances. The lengthy timeframe of the inquiry exacerbates the situation, as the process has spanned over three years since recommendations for a committee were first made in 1965. In addressing the potential for changing legislation, Deedes notes that the Home Secretary could argue that the scientific evidence, although compelling, is not conclusive enough to warrant a legal shift. He refers to international reports from Canada and the United States that align with the Wootton Committee’s findings, suggesting that the effects of marijuana are not fundamentally different from those of alcohol and that penalties for marijuana use should be re-evaluated. Despite these scientific perspectives, Deedes mentions that both Canada and the U.S. have yet to significantly amend their laws regarding cannabis, with American penalties being notably severe. He questions the validity of maintaining current laws in light of overwhelming evidence suggesting cannabis does not pose the level of risk previously thought. The report also engages with philosophical arguments about the limits of state intervention in individual behaviour and societal health. Deedes references J.S. Mill's principle that individuals should not be restrained unless their actions harm others, contrasting it with Lord Devlin's view that society has a duty to legislate against harmful behaviours, particularly if these behaviours are widespread. The ongoing debate reveals a societal struggle to find a coherent framework for drug use and dependence, with a notable lack of philosophical guidance available for legislators. In conclusion, Deedes argues that public discourse surrounding cannabis must broaden beyond mere medical assessments to encompass the social implications and ethical responsibilities of legislation. He posits that the Wootton Committee's report, regardless of acceptance or rejection, has the potential to provoke necessary dialogue about the role of cannabis in society and the state’s responsibilities in regulating it.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690123_2_72.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690123.2.72,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-29678400
7005,24,01,1969,"Former Man Is Bride (Press, 24 January 1969)","On 23 January 1969, in Charleston, South Carolina, Dawn Langley Hall, previously known as Gordon Langley Hall before undergoing a sex change, married her former Negro butler, John Paul Simmons. The wedding ceremony, attended by approximately 20 guests, took place at Miss Hall’s residence on Society Street. The event faced a brief delay when the individual set to give the bride away unexpectedly changed his mind. The marriage marks a notable moment in the social history of the region, which has deep roots in the old Confederacy.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690124_2_89.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690124.2.89,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-29592000
4370,24,01,1969,"Homosexual Associations Not Legalised (Press, 24 January 1969)","On 23 January 1969, the Dutch Lower House of Parliament rejected two resolutions aimed at providing legal recognition for the Dutch Association of Homosexuals, known as the ""C.O.C."" (Cultural and Relaxation Centre). The resolutions were introduced by female parliament members and sought to address the legal status of the association, which has existed for 20 years. The first resolution urged the Minister of Justice to focus solely on legal considerations when deciding whether to grant Royal approval for the association's statutes. Despite support from various political groups, including the Labour Party, Pacifist Socialists, Democratic Party, Radical Catholics, Communists, and two Liberals, this resolution was defeated by a vote of 66 to 47. The second resolution aimed to amend Dutch law to eliminate the requirement for Royal approval for associations to achieve legal status. This proposal was also rejected, garnering support mainly from the Democratic Party, Labour Party, Radical Catholics, and Communists, but failing to pass without a division. Additionally, there is ongoing discussion in Parliament regarding a proposal to repeal a section of the penal code that imposes a maximum four-year prison sentence for an adult engaging in sexual relations with a minor of the same sex, where a minor is defined as someone under 21 years of age. The debate reflects a broader and intensifying controversy surrounding the legal recognition of homosexuals in the Netherlands, as evidenced by public interest and media discussion on the subject. Outside Parliament, around 100 homosexuals greeted the arriving members with heart-shaped sweets that read messages like “Like a Kiss” and “See You Tonight,"" highlighting the changing attitudes towards homosexuality in Dutch society. Over recent years, there has been significant progress in public perception, with clubs for homosexuals emerging and operating without police interference, provided they are orderly. Advocates assert that homosexual love should be recognised as equally valid as heterosexual love, insisting that existing legislation against it constitutes discrimination. In a separate report on the same day, the Goulburn wool sale concluded with strong competition and full firmness across various wool descriptions, with nearly all 4,800 bales sold. The main buyers included Japan, the Continent, and the United Kingdom, indicating robust international demand for New Zealand wool.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690124_2_91.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690124.2.91,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-29592000
4371,29,01,1969,"Cosmetics Horrify Most Males (Press, 29 January 1969)","A recent survey conducted on 28 January 1969 highlights significant resistance among New Zealand men towards the idea of using cosmetics, specifically moisturisers and skin lotions, which have gained popularity in other parts of the world. The discussion was prompted by comments from Ronald Humphries, a make-up artist from London, who suggested that such products would soon arrive in New Zealand as an essential aspect of good grooming. The survey responses were overwhelmingly negative, with many men expressing horror at the notion of using products like facial masks, moisture balms, or hand lotions. Reactions varied, with some men labelling the concept as ""revolting,"" ""decadent,"" and ""ridiculous,"" while others deemed it unprintable. Many asserted that they had neither the time nor desire to engage with cosmetics, preferring a traditional approach to grooming. This contrasts sharply with opinions from a decade ago when even the use of after-shave or deodorant might have provoked similar scorn. One man stated he would ""rather be dead"" than use cosmetic products, fearing they could lead to accusations of having homosexual tendencies. He admitted to using only basic grooming products like talcum powder and aftershave, and expressed a willingness to grow old without the aid of cosmetics, dismissing the idea of striving for perpetual youth. Though some men acknowledged that certain cosmetic products might eventually reach the New Zealand market, they believed such purchases would appeal to a small, perhaps more fastidious, segment. Another man noted that while he dedicated time to his appearance, he would not resort to cosmetics, equating cleanliness with basic soap-and-water practices rather than beauty products. He also referred to the potential for cosmetics among men as a passing fad, akin to historical trends. Interestingly, men with younger sons demonstrated more openness towards changing societal norms regarding grooming, indicating a shift in attitudes may occur over time. While most men surveyed admitted to using deodorants, talcum powder, and aftershave—often because they received them as gifts—they remained resolute in their rejection of additional products meant for skincare. Women’s opinions on this matter varied as well. Some women preferred traditional masculine scents, while others acknowledged the practicality of cleansing and moisturising products. One young woman mentioned that her father used her moisturiser, highlighting a gap in the male skincare market. In conclusion, the attitudes of New Zealand men toward cosmetics reveal a strong adherence to traditional masculine grooming habits, with a prevalent concern over societal perceptions and masculinity. As societal norms continue to evolve, it remains to be seen whether cosmetics will eventually be embraced by a broader audience of New Zealand men.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690129_2_20_2.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690129.2.20.2,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-29160000
4372,21,02,1969,"Parisian Leads Male Fashion Revolution (Press, 21 February 1969)","On 21 February 1969, an article by Elizabeth Peer explored the evolving landscape of men's fashion, focusing significantly on designer Pierre Cardin. The piece discusses the emergence of a new style for the American male, presenting a stark departure from traditional norms, described in humorous and dramatic terms as resembling someone who has just exited a women's dormitory. Cardin, a prominent Parisian couturier, reflects on the uninspiring state of men’s clothing, stating he was ""bored"" with the outdated, boxy looks commonly seen in male attire. He criticises features such as excessive padding and poorly tailored cuts, describing them as ""monstrous."" Instead, he promotes a more elegant and stylised design with a focus on a slender silhouette, which involves high-waisted jackets, natural shoulders, and low collars that enhance the overall appearance of the male figure. The article notes that Cardin's designs have gained attention and are shaping men's fashion trends in the United States. Cardin's ready-to-wear suits are priced around $200, but he also offers more extravagant items like Indian silk lounging pajamas for $120 and yak-fur coats costing $600, complete with industrial zippers. His philosophy revolves around the notion that clothing should be appropriate for the occasion, arguing that wearing sports attire in urban settings is ""grotesque."" Peer provides a brief background on Cardin, describing his humble beginnings in Lyons, France, as the son of Italian immigrants. His early interest in fashion was evident when he played with dolls and designed clothes for them. Cardin began his career working with renowned couturiers such as Paquin and Schiaparelli, eventually teaming up with Christian Dior before launching his own brand in 1953. The initial reception to his male clothing line was lukewarm, particularly for his colourful neckties that were deemed vulgar at the time. However, the popularity of British bands like the Beatles and the Rolling Stones eventually paved the way for a revival of such styles. As Cardin's business expanded, he introduced more innovative designs during the 1960s, including fitted shirts and collarless jackets. As of that year, he reports that two-thirds of his sales originate from men's fashion, and he prides himself on creating practical clothing accessible to everyday men. Looking ahead, Cardin predicts significant changes in men's fashion, including the decline of neckties and a shift towards more revealing styles. He is also working on a ""cosmonaut suit,"" a futuristic design aimed at revolutionising male apparel. Concluding the article, Cardin's confidence shines through as he recalls the initial skepticism toward his fitted shirts and suggests that future trends will render his current designs commonplace.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690221_2_24.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690221.2.24,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-27172800
4373,26,02,1969,"Oswald’s Widow Gives Evidence In Trial (Press, 26 February 1969)","Clay Shaw has recently faced a setback in his trial regarding allegations that he conspired to murder President John F. Kennedy. A court in New Orleans denied his request for acquittal, prompting the defence to call its first witness, Marina Oswald Porter, the widow of accused assassin Lee Harvey Oswald. During her testimony, Mrs Porter, currently residing in Richardson, Texas, claimed she had never heard her husband mention Clay Shaw or David Ferrie. Additionally, she refuted claims made by the prosecution’s key witness, Perry Raymond Russo, who asserted that Oswald had worn a beard and cohabited with Ferrie in New Orleans. David Ferrie, a former airline pilot whose life was marred by issues related to his sexuality, was found dead in New Orleans in February 1967. Oswald, identified as the lone assassin of President Kennedy by the Warren Commission, was killed by Jack Ruby two days after the assassination on 24 November 1963. Shaw, a 55-year-old retired businessman, was arrested on 1 March 1967 on the conspiracy charges, maintaining throughout that he is innocent. The evidence and argumentation from the prosecution heavily relied on the testimony of Russo, who claimed he overheard Shaw, Oswald, and Ferrie discussing their plans to assassinate Kennedy at a social gathering in Ferrie’s apartment in September 1963. However, before Mrs Porter took the stand, Judge Edward A. Haggerty refused a defence motion to direct the jury to find Shaw innocent. Under questioning by defence lawyer Mr Dymond, Mrs Porter was asked whether she recognised the names of Shaw and Ferrie; she stated she did not. She indicated that the only time Oswald was absent from their home was during his incarceration for distributing pro-Castro leaflets in New Orleans in 1963. Furthermore, she denied that Oswald had ever worn a beard or had long hair, contrasting sharply with Russo's description of him as unkempt. In response to queries about Oswald's activities, Mrs Porter denied any knowledge of him travelling to Clinton, Louisiana, unlike several witnesses presented by District Attorney Jim Garrison, who testified that Oswald, Shaw, and Ferrie had been in Clinton in August 1963, where Oswald allegedly attempted to register to vote. The court proceedings are ongoing as the trial continues, with ongoing discussions about the credibility of witnesses and the evidence presented.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690226_2_86.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690226.2.86,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-26740800
4374,05,03,1969,"Prison Life Described (Press, 5 March 1969)","On 4 March 1969, a Senate investigation in Washington revealed alarming insights into the lives of young prisoners, particularly focusing on the brutal experiences within the American prison system. A 25-year-old African American inmate, referred to as ""John Doe"" to protect his identity, provided a poignant testimony about his life behind bars, describing it as fraught with violence, conflict, and despair. He recounted his journey into the criminal justice system, which began at the age of 13 when his father turned him over to authorities. The inmate expressed hopelessness about his future, stating that upon release, he planned to resort to robbery using a firearm. This testimony followed that of Philadelphia District Attorney Arlen Specter, who spoke about the prevalence of homosexual practices in prisons, labelling the criminal justice system as profoundly flawed. He argued that the current conditions in prisons produce individuals who are more dangerous to society rather than rehabilitating them. Senator Thomas Dodd, leading the sub-committee on juvenile delinquency, echoed these sentiments, highlighting the degradation and dehumanisation experienced by offenders. He remarked that the treatment of inmates often falls short compared to how society treats animals. The investigation also unveiled troubling aspects of prison life, including regular prison fights and assaults, which ""Doe"" described in detail. He pointed out that the only training he received in various institutions was in janitorial work, and he dismissed the notion that job training or harsher sentences would deter crime. Instead, he indicated that the perception among inmates was that if they faced long sentences, they would either escape or violently resist arrest. Specter's testimony underscored the gravity of the situation, noting that sexual assaults are widespread in the Philadelphia prison system and likely present in others nationwide. He highlighted the traumatic impact these experiences have on young men when they reintegrate into society, reflecting on the deep-seated degradation and hatred that accompanies such trauma. Overall, this Senate investigation brought to light critical issues surrounding juvenile delinquents in the United States, raising questions about the systemic failures of the prison system to rehabilitate and protect vulnerable individuals, ultimately leading to a cycle of violence and crime.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690305_2_117.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690305.2.117,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-26136000
4375,07,03,1969,"J.p.s “out Of Touch” On Homosexual Law (Press, 7 March 1969)","On 7 March 1969, Mr J. W. Goodwin, the secretary of the New Zealand Homosexual Law Reform Society, commented on the opposition from the New Zealand Justices Association regarding the liberalisation of laws related to homosexual activity. He referred to remarks made by the Minister of Police, who described the Justices of the Peace as “surprisingly out of touch with recent events.” The minister noted various issues pertinent to his department, indicating that the Justices had not adequately informed themselves on the subject of homosexuality. Goodwin highlighted a concerning point made by the Justices, where it was claimed that allowing homosexual acts between consenting adults in private would lead to a double moral standard, contrasting youth and adults. He argued that this perspective was inconsistent since society already employs a similar dual standard by setting different ages of consent for heterosexual relationships. He pointed out that, in Britain, the age of consent was established at 21 for homosexual acts, thereby providing protections that were not available to younger women. Additionally, Goodwin addressed a move by the Justices calling for a local inquiry into homosexuality. He expressed reservations regarding the adequacy of such an inquiry, citing the extensive time frame that the Wolfenden Committee in Britain required to conduct their investigation—three years—and raising concerns about the availability of qualified experts in New Zealand. He warned of the potential risks associated with official inquiries, drawing on reports from South Africa where participants in such inquiries faced police harassment. Goodwin questioned whether similar situations could arise in New Zealand should a local inquiry be pursued.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690307_2_127.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690307.2.127,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-25963200
4376,27,03,1969,"Comment On South African Prison (Press, 27 March 1969)","On 27 March 1969, Mr M. O’Neill, the secretary of the Christchurch branch of Amnesty International, highlighted the dire conditions faced by political prisoners at Robben Island, South Africa, following a speech by former prisoner Mr D. Brutus at the University of Canterbury. O’Neill reported that prisoners who voiced complaints to the Chief Warder or sought legal assistance were punished by being placed in isolation. He pointed out that inmates were not allowed access to prison regulations and revealed that during visits by G. Hoffman of the International Red Cross, prisoners were temporarily provided with better clothing and clean blankets, which were later taken away. The living conditions were described as overcrowded, with cells originally designed for 50 prisoners being crammed with over 80 individuals. O’Neill noted that only two rolls of toilet paper were allocated weekly for two flush toilets shared amongst the occupants, and the toilets were visible to other cellmates. The drinking water quality was poor, described as brackish, and the medical treatment available was insufficient, often administered by untrained orderlies. Prisoners' opportunities for study were at the discretion of the Chief Warder, who frequently discouraged educational pursuits. O'Neill mentioned an affidavit from a recently released prisoner stating that warders, armed with batons and pick handles, enforced control and that any complaints directed to the Chief Warder often resulted in retaliatory punishment. Additionally, he claimed that, with the complicity of the warders, homosexual inmates frequently targeted the younger political prisoners for attacks.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690327_2_53.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690327.2.53,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-24235200
4379,29,03,1969,"Lecture By Priest (Press, 29 March 1969)","The Rev. J. K. Coulson, a parish priest from Akaroa, strongly criticised modern theological interpretations following a lecture by the Rev. P. Oestricher, an Anglican priest, at Auckland University. In his statement, Mr Coulson asserted that while theology must evolve to remain relevant, it should not compromise the ethical teachings of Jesus to align with contemporary permissive societal standards. He expressed particular concern over Oestricher's remarks suggesting that in exceptional cases, sexual relations outside marriage could be beneficial for therapeutic reasons. Coulson highlighted a troubling trend among some modern theologians who have proposed controversial views about Jesus, including claims that He may have been homosexual or even married with children. He referred to Oestricher as a “new theologian,” implying that his opinions diverged starkly from traditional Christian morals. Coulson questioned the efficacy of Oestricher's visit, stating that if the views reported in the press were accurate, they would unlikely resonate with young people seeking moral guidance. He lamented that during a time when many youths were looking for direction in moral issues, the church appeared to promote visiting theologians who distort Christ's teachings. Instead of demonstrating how the Christian Gospel is applicable to modern-day challenges, such figures were seen as undermining the faith that clergy had pledged to uphold in their ordination vows. Overall, Coulson's remarks reflect a wider concern within the church about maintaining traditional values in an era of changing societal norms.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690329_2_177.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690329.2.177,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-24062400
4378,29,03,1969,"Magistrate's Court Soldier Imprisoned For Sten-gun... (Press, 29 March 1969)","On 29 March 1969, Graeme Douglas Taylor, a 26-year-old lance-corporal in the New Zealand Army, was sentenced to a total of 18 months’ imprisonment by Magistrate Mr P. L. Molineaux for a series of offences including theft, burglary, and unlawfully taking a car and a dinghy. Taylor had pleaded guilty to charges stemming from incidents in February, where he stole two Sten guns and various military items valued at $85.58 from the Army Department. He also unlawfully took a car worth $1,000 and a dinghy valued at $100. Additionally, he was charged with burglary for breaking into four baches at Mitchells during the same timeframe. The court ordered him to make restitution of $26.89. Another man, Roger Robert Hubert Matchitt, who faced similar charges, received a two-year prison sentence. The Magistrate noted the differences in their criminal histories and evaluated Taylor’s mental health, suggesting that he had been placed in a position of trust by the Army despite previous incidents. In a separate case, Alan Cherry, 25, was placed on 15 months’ probation and fined $100 for being a suspected person with felonious intent. This charge, linked to homosexual conduct, arose just after he was already on probation for an earlier indecent assault charge. The court considered his situation, particularly the support from his parents, which helped him avoid imprisonment. Ivan Raymond Painter, an 18-year-old, received a sentence of three months’ periodic detention for urinating on the stairs of Christchurch Cathedral. His home life challenges and recent arrest history influenced the sentence, with provisions for him to continue living and working as directed by a probation officer. Allan James Candlish, 19, was fined $20 for wilfully damaging a letter-box during a late-night escapade. The Magistrate remarked on his lack of respect for others' property. Wendy Patterson Wanhall, a 28-year-old housewife, received a two-year probation sentence for forgery and theft, avoiding a prison term because of her pregnancy. However, the court indicated that a custodial sentence would have been warranted had it not been for her health condition. Gino Vincente Castillo, 23, was remanded on bail for sentencing related to receiving stolen property valued at $21.45. Kenneth Francis Joseph Linton, 18, faced fines and disqualification from driving for a year due to dangerous driving on 31 December 1968. Stephen Charles Goddard, a 15-year-old, was sentenced to the Waikeria Detention Centre for burglary. Various other minor cases were reported, including fines for traffic offences, with specific amounts detailed for failing to stop at signs and speeding violations. The issues highlighted the ongoing challenges surrounding law enforcement and public safety in the community context of Christchurch during that time.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690329_2_165.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690329.2.165,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-24062400
4377,29,03,1969,"South Africa (Press, 29 March 1969)","A letter to the editor of ""The Press,"" dated 23 March 1969, from Peter C. Higham, criticises the publication for its focus on South Africa while ignoring severe human rights violations occurring in other countries. Higham argues that Russia is oppressing nations such as Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia through violent force and systematic liquidation. He also cites reports of Nigeria's military killing around 7,000 Biafrans daily, and mentions a shocking incident involving Nigerian troops allegedly killing and even roasting children. Additionally, Higham refers to the brutal massacres in Zanzibar, where at least 12,000 individuals are said to have been killed, and men have reportedly been tortured through forced homosexual acts with soldiers. He highlights that a reign of terror continues in both Zanzibar and Pemba, asserting that despite these acts, ""The Press"" has not advocated for the exclusion of Russia, Nigeria, or Tanzania from the Olympic Games. Higham’s contention is that if certain brutal actors, such as murderers and cannibals, seek support, they can find it in ""The Press."" His letter points to a perceived inconsistency in how these nations are treated in international discourse compared to South Africa. The letter was sent to Lieutenant-Colonel A. C. R. Elderton of the Aid Rhodesia Movement, who forwarded it to ""The Press"" with a note asking for its return if it was not published, indicating the sensitivity of the issue and Higham's determination to ensure the letter reaches its audience. The editorial staff at ""The Press"" decided to print the letter along with Elderton’s note, presenting it as a reflection of the concerns expressed by Higham regarding media coverage and the selectivity in addressing human rights abuses globally.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690329_2_77_7.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690329.2.77.7,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-24062400
4380,31,03,1969,"Robben Island (Press, 31 March 1969)","In a letter published on 31 March 1969, a writer, signing off as ""TH® WALRUS,"" responded critically to Mr Picton Jones’s endorsement of an article by Amnesty International regarding conditions in a South African prison. The writer dismissed Jones's views as nonsense and accused him of being misled by prison authorities, claiming that both Mr Hynning and the Red Cross had similarly been deceived. The letter focused on the complaints made by an ex-prisoner about the conditions in the prison. The author questioned the significance of the complaints, particularly highlighting a claim about inadequate toilet paper—asserting that two rolls for 80 prisoners per week was sufficient, given that toilet paper is not commonly used by Africans. The letter also addressed allegations of the warders encouraging homosexual activities and stated that the design of lavatories being open to view served to deter such practices. Furthermore, the writer suggested that Amnesty International, represented by Mr Brutus, has a stronger focus on prisons in countries ruled by white governments, while failing to adequately assist political detainees facing severe conditions in African-led nations like Zambia and Tanzania. The tone of the letter is confrontational and critical of both Mr Picton Jones and Amnesty International, suggesting an underlying sentiment of bias in the scrutiny of prison conditions based on the governing bodies of the countries involved.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690331_2_107_9.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690331.2.107.9,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-23889600
4381,10,04,1969,"Homosexual Law Change Urged (Press, 10 April 1969)","On 9 April 1969, Mr K. R. Daniels, a psychiatric social worker from the North Canterbury Hospital Board, addressed the issue of homosexuality at Christchurch College. He emphasised that although some dismiss homosexuality as unimportant, it remains a significant problem stemming from widespread ignorance. Daniels suggested that while increased education could alleviate misunderstanding and hostility towards homosexuality, there are limits to what education alone can achieve. He explained that homosexuality is not merely defined by sexual acts, but rather as a personality pattern. According to Daniels, a person’s development into homosexuality often results from interference that prevents the normal biological goal of heterosexuality from being achieved. He noted that both men and women can experience this, indicating a spectrum from overt homosexuality to more latent forms. Two main theories were discussed regarding the origins of homosexuality: a biological explanation, which remains unproven, and a psychological perspective that attributes the condition to a disordered relationship between parent and child. Daniels highlighted that certain parental traits could hinder proper heterosexual identification, leading to homosexuality. He clarified that the individuals who interfere with children are not necessarily homosexuals, countering a common misconception. Daniels stated that if homosexuality is linked to personality development, there might be potential for reversal or modification, yet he acknowledged that for many, significant change is unlikely. He pointed out that there is no physical treatment for homosexuality, and methods such as castration do not resolve the underlying personality issues. The most common treatments available are group therapy, behaviour therapy, which does not change the core personality, and psychoanalysis, which seeks to understand the development process. Mr Daniels also identified systemic issues with the law, suggesting that it forces homosexuality underground, complicating the acquisition of knowledge and understanding. He estimated that 4 to 5 per cent of the New Zealand population is homosexual. Daniels argued that law reform would not likely increase homosexuality's prevalence but could greatly reduce human suffering and eliminate opportunities for blackmail against homosexuals. He noted that in many Western countries, homosexuality is no longer criminalised, although related abuses of authority or public decency remain offences. He criticised imprisonment as an ineffective response that potentially exacerbates resentment in individuals. Daniels acknowledged a shift in theological thinking, with some churches expressing support for the reform of laws regarding homosexuality, marking what he described as a significant cultural change.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690410_2_135.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690410.2.135,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-23025600
4382,21,04,1969,"Homosexuality ""not Condoned’ (Press, 21 April 1969)","On 17 April 1969, during a lunch-hour talk at the University of Otago, New Zealand's Deputy Prime Minister, Mr Marshall, spoke against the legalisation of homosexual acts between consenting adults in private. He stated that, from the perspective of the National Party, such reform would represent a backward step for society. Marshall described homosexuality as an unnatural behaviour that should not be tolerated. His comments reflect the prevailing attitudes towards homosexuality in New Zealand during that time, indicating significant societal resistance to changing laws related to homosexual conduct. The Deputy Prime Minister's remarks revealed a firm stance against any progress in legalising consensual homosexual acts, aligning with conservative views held by many in the political landscape of the era.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690421_2_190.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690421.2.190,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-22075200
7635,24,04,1969,"Warder Confirms Use O Shocks (Press, 24 April 1969)","On 23 April 1969, a former prison warder testified in a court in Johannesburg regarding the treatment of African prisoners, claiming they were subjected to electric shock treatment to extract information. The warder's identity was not revealed due to a court order. His statement was part of the trial involving Laurence Gandar, the editor-in-chief of the ""Rand Daily Mail,"" and senior reporter Benjamin Pogrund, who faced charges of publishing false information about prison conditions without taking sufficient steps to verify their claims. They pleaded not guilty. This trial stems from a series of articles that the ""Rand Daily Mail"" published in June and July of 1965. These articles made serious allegations regarding the use of electric torture, physical assaults, sexual violence, and unsanitary conditions in several prisons, including Cinderella Prison located in Boksburg, near Johannesburg. During his testimony, the former warder recounted his experiences working at Cinderella Prison in 1964 and 1965 before resigning. He described a practice in which prisoners were stripped and placed on a table covered with a wet waterproof sheet in a hospital setting, where electric machines were employed. He detailed that the machine stood two feet high, with wires and electrodes attached to various parts of a prisoner's body, resulting in painful electric shocks that often made the prisoners scream. He asserted that the procedure was intended to extract information and noted that other prisoners had to restrain the shocked individual to prevent them from fleeing. The warder further claimed that there were instances in which the electric shocks were administered to a prisoner's genitals. He also provided accounts of physical violence committed by Chief Warder Van Der Merwe, stating that he witnessed prisoners being beaten severely. He indicated that when 20 prisoners were confined in a cell, those who did not exit quickly enough to get their breakfast would be hit. The same punitive measures applied if they did not consume their food rapidly. The warder revealed that the culture of fear and intimidation inhibited prisoners from voicing complaints, as any grievances would lead to more severe punishment in the observation section. The trial continues, with implications that the testimonies could shed light on human rights violations within the South African prison system during that era.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690424_2_110.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690424.2.110,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-21816000
4383,12,05,1969,"Sex Laws Changed (Press, 12 May 1969)","On 11 May 1969, the West German Parliament made significant changes to its legal framework regarding sexual offences, marking a notable revision of the 1871 German Penal Code. The newly passed legislation removes penalties associated with several sexual acts, including adultery, fornication, consensual homosexual acts among adults, and sexual acts involving animals. The Minister of Justice, Horst Ehmke, articulated the philosophy underpinning this legal reform, referencing Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's assertion that ""the Government has no right in its citizens' bedrooms."" This shift reflects a move towards liberalising attitudes within West Germany regarding personal and sexual freedoms.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690512_2_104.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690512.2.104,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-20260800
4384,31,05,1969,"Letter To M.p.s (Press, 31 May 1969)","The New Zealand Homosexual Law Reform Society has expressed concern that many members of Parliament are not recognising the shift in public opinion regarding homosexuality. In a letter addressed to all Parliamentarians on 31 May 1969, the society highlighted the support from various churches and organisations for the removal of legal penalties against consensual homosexual acts between males in private. The letter urged MPs to educate themselves on the perspectives of those supporting reform, particularly when moral considerations are raised. The society clarified that reforming the law would not equate to endorsing homosexual behaviour, asserting that the issue cannot be disregarded as it potentially impacts about 50,000 individuals in New Zealand, according to estimates from the Justice Department. They noted that the topic is likely to arise in discussions during election meetings and expressed hope that representatives from all political parties would take it upon themselves to be informed on the matter. Additionally, the letter announced the establishment of a new branch of the society in Dunedin, supported by the Otago Mental Health Association, and indicated plans for a fifth branch in Palmerston North. Overall, the society is advocating for greater awareness and understanding among MPs regarding the need for legal reform concerning homosexuality.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690531_2_64.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690531.2.64,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-18619200
4385,04,06,1969,"Abortion And Homosexual Law Reforms In Canada (Press, 4 June 1969)","On 4 June 1969, a significant overhaul of Canada’s criminal code was reported, encompassing reforms on abortion, homosexuality, and lotteries. This comprehensive 73-page omnibus bill had been passed after extensive debate in the House of Commons and represented the conclusion of an effort initiated 14 months earlier by Pierre Trudeau, then Minister of Justice and now Prime Minister. The abortion section of the bill elicited considerable controversy, particularly from Roman Catholic members of Parliament. Henri Latulippe, a vocal opponent, described the abortion clause as “the summit of cruelty, barbarity, cowardice and imbecility,” arguing that the government should instead focus on creating economic conditions to support childbirth. In contrast, Grace MacInnis, a Socialist MP, defended the clause, asserting that the previous legal restrictions resulted in thousands of women being subjected to dangerous and illegal procedures. The new law allows for an abortion to be performed if approved by a committee of three doctors, provided the life or health of the mother is at risk. While the law does not explicitly permit abortion in cases of rape or incest, it allows for the determination of such pregnancies’ impact on the mother's mental and physical health. The section concerning homosexuality stirred debate mainly absent of religious motivations. The revised law decriminalises homosexual acts between consenting adults in private and nullifies the classification of homosexuals as “dangerous sexual offenders”. This marks a significant shift from previous laws which imposed severe penalties for homosexual acts. One notable opponent, former Prime Minister John Diefenbaker, suggested that the new measures might facilitate espionage by making homosexuals more vulnerable to intimidation by the Soviet Union. Trudeau, who famously stated, “The state has no place in the nation’s bedrooms,” underscored the government's intent to recognise the reality of private homosexual relationships. The bill also included reforms to divorce laws, which now allow divorce on grounds such as desertion for three years, mental cruelty, and marriage breakdown, in addition to the previous basis of adultery. This has rendered the divorce process less complicated and has reportedly led to an increase in divorces, as couples now find it easier to separate without having to fabricate claims of infidelity. Moreover, the new legislation allows lotteries to be managed by federal or provincial governments and by licensed religious and charitable organisations, a measure designed to formalise existing practices. Despite these changes, the bill also introduces stricter laws regarding driving under the influence. Suspected drunk drivers can face identical penalties whether or not they agree to a breath test, effectively making refusal a separate offence punishable as though they were convicted of impaired driving. Overall, the passing of this omnibus bill on 4 June 1969 represents a pivotal moment in Canada’s legal and social landscape, reflecting a shift towards greater individual freedoms and the modernisation of outdated laws.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690604_2_55.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690604.2.55,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-18273600
4386,30,06,1969,"20 Other Members Since 1300 (Press, 30 June 1969)","On 30 June 1969, a report highlighted the impending formal investiture of Prince Charles as the Prince of Wales, set to take place on 1 July 1969. The event was notable as it would make Charles the latest member of an exclusive historical club, which has only included 20 individuals since the title's inception in the 14th century. The report provided a historical context, noting that the role has been fraught with challenges; some past holders of the title faced dire fates, including execution, while others did not live long enough to ascend to the throne. The first Prince of Wales was Edward II, son of Edward I, who had conquered Wales. Edward II was presented as a Welsh prince despite his lack of Welsh heritage and language, a situation that ultimately led him to face severe challenges as king, including a tumultuous relationship with his wife and being imprisoned before his gruesome execution in 1327. Successors of Edward II had varied fortunes. Edward the Black Prince, known for his prowess in battle, was acknowledged for his military skills but never became king himself. Other princes, including those who followed Henry VIII, met tragic ends, with several being murdered, dying young, or abdicating. Henry VIII, though a powerful monarch, faced hostility in Wales due to his efforts to suppress the Welsh language and culture. Over time, the title passed through several members of the monarchy, including the tumultuous reigns of Charles I, who was executed, and Charles II, who faced exile. The lineage continued with members of the House of Hanover, including George III, who lost the American colonies, and his son George IV, known for his extravagant lifestyle. Edward VII held the title as the son of Queen Victoria, a tenure that lasted six decades. In the 20th century, Charles was preceded by George V, who received a naval education rather than a royal one, and the Duke of Windsor, who had a brief reign of just 11 months before abdication in order to marry. This historical narrative underscored the complexities and often perilous nature of being a Prince of Wales, creating a rich legacy that future holders would inherit along with the title.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690630_2_110.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690630.2.110,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-16027200
4387,01,07,1969,"Murder Charge Denied (Press, 1 July 1969)","The murder trial of 21-year-old Michael Wayne Frelan commenced at the Supreme Court in Auckland on June 30, 1969. Frelan, who works as a saddler, has pleaded not guilty to the charge of murdering Morris Jury around March 20, 1969. The trial is presided over by Mr Justice Henry, with Mr K. Ryan representing Frelan and Mr D. S. Morris acting for the Crown. The court heard testimony from John Patrick Egan, a self-employed motor mechanic who has known Frelan for approximately 15 to 16 years. Egan recalled seeing both Frelan and Jury at the Ponsonby Club Hotel on March 20, just before he left around 10 p.m. He observed that while Jury appeared intoxicated, Frelan had been drinking but was still able to engage in conversation without slurring his words. Egan noted that their shared school experience included a tragic event in which a fellow pupil was killed, an incident that had a significant emotional impact on them. Another witness, Ngaio Ivan Williamson, a part-time taxi driver, testified about the events of the same night. He stated that around midnight, a man carrying an overnight bag requested a ride to Tiveaton Road, Blockhouse Bay. Williamson identified Frelan as the man who got into his taxi. He mentioned that the bag seemed larger and squatter than the one presented in court. Constable Eric Leslie Marshall provided further details from the investigation. He recounted visiting the address of 11 Tole Street on March 22 at 7:20 p.m., alongside Constable Paul Smith. Upon entry, they found the sitting room in disarray, with personal items strewn about. They discovered a man's body in the bedroom, clad only in a singlet and a cotton shirt, with a pair of underpants around the neck. These underpants were cut away by Constable Smith. The room's lights were off, and the curtains were drawn. Although the scene was concerning, Constable Marshall noted that the death did not appear suspicious, as the underpants were not knotted, and there were no visible bruises on the deceased’s face. He contacted an undertaker and subsequently locked the door before leaving the scene. The trial continues as the jury examines the evidence and testimonies presented in this complex case.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690701_2_228.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690701.2.228,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-15940800
7720,02,07,1969,"Murder Trial 48 Witnesses Heard (Press, 2 July 1969)","The Crown case against 21-year-old Michael Wayne Frelan, accused of murdering 38-year-old Morris Jury, concluded in the Supreme Court in Auckland on July 1, 1969, after 48 witnesses provided evidence. Frelan, a saddler, has pleaded not guilty to the charge that he murdered Jury on or around March 20, 1969. The trial is presided over by Mr Justice Henry with a jury composed of 10 men and two women. The defence is represented by Mr K. Ryan and the Crown by Mr D. S. Morris. Witnesses recounted various statements made by Frelan. Stanley Rountree, a leather worker, testified that Frelan expressed uncertainty about his involvement in a death on multiple occasions, stating that he had been present at a flat in Ponsonby during a struggle and heard a gasping sound. Roderick Mac Neil recalled that Frelan had described waking up to an indecent assault and was concerned he had killed a “queer.” Additional testimonies revealed Frelan's incriminating statements. Taxi driver Bryan Harrison relayed that a passenger resembling Frelan mentioned having killed Jury and reported details of wrapping Jury's underpants around his neck. Similarly, taxi driver William Vincent Scott reported Frelan’s comments about his disdain for ""pansies"" and stated that Frelan openly confessed to killing Jury when Scott picked him up on the night of April 5. Frelan's own account to police illustrated a chaotic sequence of events. He indicated that he had returned to a flat where Jury was present, recounting how he dozed off on a couch, only to be awakened by Jury urging him to move to the bed. Frelan described the altercation escalating as he reportedly forced Jury onto the bed, punching him repeatedly while Jury held up a pair of underpants. Frelan insisted that he had not realised the seriousness of the situation or that Jury was dead until he learned about it from the news the following Monday. Detective Inspector Bruce Thomas Newton Hutton initiated inquiries into Jury's death starting March 23. He recounted that he received a call on the night of April 5, instructing him to contact Frelan. Upon attending the Central Police Station, Frelan confessed to Hutton, saying, ""I wish to tell you I murdered Morris Jury,"" providing a timeline of events on the night of the incident. As the courtroom proceedings prepare to transition to the defence's side, the trial showcases the harrowing nature of the testimony and the complexity surrounding the events leading to Jury's untimely death. The legal proceedings are set to continue, with the defence case expected to present its arguments the following day.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690702_2_219.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690702.2.219,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-15854400
7636,05,07,1969,"Supreme Court Social Security Officer Guilty On... (Press, 5 July 1969)","On 5 July 1969, Clifford Jack Fordham, a 45-year-old social security officer from Christchurch, was found guilty by a jury in the Supreme Court on all 27 counts of forgery he faced. The trial lasted one week, with Fordham being accused of unlawfully renewing benefits for two deserted wives whose benefits had been cancelled. He was specifically charged with forging documents to appoint fictitious agents who collected and cashed benefit orders from post offices. The charges included the forgery of 19 warrants, with various amounts forged, as well as eight additional forgery counts associated with forms and authorisations. The presiding judge, Mr Justice Wilson, took two hours to summarise the case before the jury began deliberations at 3.08 p.m. The jury returned with a unanimous verdict of guilty by 7 p.m. During the trial, Crown prosecutor Mr N. W. Williamson argued that the evidence against Fordham was substantial, despite his denials. He dismissed Fordham’s claims that someone else in the Social Security Department was responsible for the forgeries as implausible. Williamson pointed out that only Fordham had the unique combination of knowledge, opportunity, and means to commit these forgeries, being the designated officer for deserted wives’ benefits. He noted particularly that Fordham had the ability to control the issuance of forms and access to relevant beneficiary information. Fordham’s defence attorney, Mr R. S. D. Twyneham, contended that the evidence was not conclusive enough to warrant a conviction, citing numerous discrepancies and “unexplained mysteries” surrounding the case. Twyneham argued that it was not the defence’s obligation to identify the actual forger and suggested that people could easily have accessed Fordham's desk within the department. He urged the jury to consider potential weaknesses within the Social Security Department's system and the unreliability of witness identifications, particularly referencing an instance where a post office clerk did not positively identify Fordham. In addition to Fordham’s case, the court also sentenced Ralph Dalkeith Hansen, a 32-year-old driver, to nine months’ imprisonment following convictions on three charges of sodomy and one of indecent assault against a boy. The sentences were ordered to run concurrently, taking place in the same Supreme Court session. The overall proceedings highlighted serious issues of integrity within the public service and the challenges of verifying identities and actions within bureaucracy. Fordham's sentencing is scheduled for 15 July 1969.",,https://www.pridenz.com/paperspast_chp19690705_2_176.html,"Papers Past",https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19690705.2.176,"The Press","CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ",https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz,-15595200
4388,07,07,1969,"Homosexual Law Reform (Press, 7 July 1969)","At a conference held at the Ngaio Marsh Theatre in Ilam on 6 July 1969, four speakers advocated for the reform of homosexual laws in New Zealand. Mr K. R. Daniels, a senior psychiatric social worker from Christchurch Hospital, highlighted the need for greater understanding of homosexuality, including its causes and treatment. He emphasised that the public's awareness and knowledge about the topic are vital for progress. Mrs W Tirikatene-Sullivan, the Member of Parliament for Southern Maori, shared her personal views, noting that many MPs had responded emotionally to a petition for law reform presented the previous year. She expressed her belief that the petition was well-argued and suggested that reforms could significantly reduce human suffering associated with current laws. The Rev. G. Sweet, who has experience as a former prison chaplain and is currently a counsellor and social worker, raised important distinctions between legal reform and changes in societal moral attitudes. His insights were significant in understanding the broader implications of the proposed changes. Mr A. I. Dennis, a law lecturer at the University of Canterbury, provided a critical analysis of existing laws, arguing that they were illogical as they only applied to males and were inconsistently enforced. His points underscored the need for a more rational and equitable framework governing sexual conduct. The event was chaired by Mr G. Lewis, the head of a special committee within the University of Canterbury Students’ Association, who acknowledged that while many attendees might already hold supportive views, the conference played a critical role in educating participants about these issues. Approximately 20 of the 50 attendees were students, indicating a strong interest from the younger generation in the discussion of homosexual law reform.",,https://w